왕느릅나무 껍질 열수 추출물의 마우스에서의 in vivo 면역조절 효과

이인환(Inhwan Lee),권다혜(Da Hye Kwon),이선희(Sun Hee Lee),이성도(Sung Do Lee),김덕원(Deok Won Kim),이종환(Jong-Hwan Lee),현숙경(Sook Kyung Hyun),김철민(CheolMin Kim),김병우(Byoung Woo Kim),강경화(Kyung-Hwa Kang),황혜진(Hye Jin Hwang 한국생명과학회 2014 생명과학회지 Vol.24 No.10

약용식물은 염증, 감염증, 암과 같은 질병에 광범위하게 사용되고 있으며, 전통적으로 오래 동안 사용되어 왔다. 왕느릅나무(Ulmus macrocarpa Hance)는 느릅나무의 한 종으로서 중국, 일본을 비롯해 한국 전역에 분포하고 있으며, 줄기와 뿌리의 껍질을 유백피라 하여 한의학에서 피부염, 유방염, 부종 등에 사용하여 왔다. 이 연구의 목적은 유백피의 열수 추출물(Ulmus cortex water extract, UCWE)이 면역조절 기능을 가지고 있는지를 조사하는 것이다. UCWE 식이농도 30 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg의 3개 군으로 나누어 14일 동안 식이한 후 면역반응을 측정하였다. IL-2, IL-12, IFN-γ 의 혈중 농도가 UCWE를 식이한 군에서 유의적으로 증가하였으며, lymphokine activated killer cells (LAK)을 이용한 세포매개 세포독성 시험에서도 정상군에 비해 UCWE를 식이한 군에서 유의적으로 증가하였다. 그러나, 간, 신장, 비장, 흉선의 무게변화는 UCWE를 식이한 군과 정상군과의 차이가 없었다. 이는 300 ㎎/㎏ 고농도의 2주간 식이가 장기에 영향을 거의 미치지 않는다는 것을 암시한다고 생각된다. 따라서, UCWE는 내부 장기에는 영향을 주지 않으며 면역기능을 향상시키는 효과를 가진다고 여겨진다. Traditional medicinal plants are widely used to treat many diseases, such as inflammation, infections, and even cancer. Ulmus macrocarpa Hance, a Chinese elm species, is distributed in Korea, China, and Japan. The stem bark is widely employed in Korean traditional medicine to treat dermatitis, mastitis, and edema. The aim of this study was to investigate whether water extract of U. macrocarpa Hance bark (Ulmus cortex) has a immune-modulating function in a mouse model. Three different concentrations (30 ㎎/㎏, 100 mg/kg, and 300 ㎎/㎏) of Ulmus cortex water extract (UCWE) were orally administered to mice for 14 days, and their immune responses were analyzed. Cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-2, IL-12, and IFN-γ, increased in the blood of UCWE-fed groups when compared with a control group. In contrast, the IL-4 level did not change in any of the UCWE-fed groups Cell-mediated cytotoxicity was also assayed using lymphokine-activated killer cells (LAK). LAK showed greater cytotoxicity in the UCWE-fed groups than LAK in the control group. Internal organ indices, such as liver, kidney, spleen, and thymus, were similar in all the groups, including the control group, indicating that UCWE may have been nontoxic in the experimental animals. These data suggest that UCWE has an immune-modulating function in a mouse model.

국내 대학생의 학술적 영어 글쓰기의 수사학적 수행에 대한 사례 연구

이인환(Inhwan Lee) 한국응용언어학회 2021 응용 언어학 Vol.37 No.4

The L2 writers’ rhetorical performance is considered to be influenced by L1 rhetorical transfer or L2 writing proficiency. However, no affirmative answer has yet been given regarding what exactly determines L2 writers’ rhetorical performance. Accordingly, the present study aims to investigate what rhetorical structure Korean EFL college students use in their academic argument and what elements construct their rhetorical performance during the writing activity. To this end, a case study was conducted on two advanced learners of English in Korean college. First, the rhetorical structure of the students’ argumentative essays was examined based on Swales move analysis. Then, multiple sources of data collected from the text-based interviews and survey were analyzed qualitatively based on activity theory. It was found that the students’ imagined discourse community was a significant factor that determined their genre awareness of L2 academic argument. Based on their genre awareness, students built an understanding of the rules of and their roles in L2 academic writing, all of which dynamically constructed their own L2 rhetorical performance. These findings suggest pedagogical implications for L2 academic writing in Korean college.

중·고령자의 악력저하와 동반질환이 모든 원인으로 인한 사망 위험에 미치는 영향

이인환 ( Inhwan Lee ),강현식 ( Hyunsik Kang ) 한국운동생리학회(구 한국운동과학회) 2020 운동과학 Vol.29 No.1

PURPOSE: This study investigated the combined impact of low hand grip strength (HGS) and number of comorbidities on the risk of all-cause mortality in Korean middle-aged and older adults. METHODS: Data from the 2006 baseline and 2016 follow-up assessments of the Korean longitudinal study of aging (KLoSA) involving 9,270 Korean adults aged ≥45 years (55.6% women) were used in the study. Study participants were classified as zero, one, and two or more categories based on number of co-morbidities and as high, middle, and low categories based on HGS distributions. The Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of all-cause mortality according to HGS categories and number of comorbidities. RESULTS: During the 9.7±2.7 year follow-up period, 1,285 deaths from all causes occurred. In both middle and low HGS categories, one and two or more comorbidities resulted in an increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR=1.493; 95% CI=1.220-1.828; p<.001 and HR=1.427; 95% CI=1.190-1.711; p<.001, respectively) compared to no comorbidity (HR=1). Furthermore, the increased risks of all-cause mortality remained significant even after adjustments for a number of confounders such as age, sex, socio-economic status, and parameters of health behaviors and conditions. In high HGS category, there were no significant differences in the risk of all-cause mortality according to number of co-morbidities. CONCLUSIONS: The current finding suggested that promotion of upper body muscular strength may play an important role in preventing premature death from all causes, especially among those who suffer from co-morbidities.

중·고령자의 추정 심폐체력과 인지기능 저하 발생과의 연관성: 고령화연구패널조사의 12년간 추적조사를 바탕으로

이인환 ( Inhwan Lee ),송문구 ( Munku Song ),강현식 ( Hyunsik Kang ) 한국운동생리학회(구 한국운동과학회) 2021 운동과학 Vol.30 No.1

PURPOSE: This study investigated association of estimated cardiorespiratory fitness (eCRF) with the incidence of cognitive impairment in Korean middle-aged and older adults. METHODS: Total of 4,239 subjects (53% women) aged ≥45 years, who participated in the Korean longitudinal study of aging (KLoSA) were included. Participants were classified into 4 categories from the lowest quartile to the highest quartile based on eCRF distribu-tions. Korean version of mini-mental status examination (K-MMSE) was used to assessed mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and severe cognitive impairment (SCI). Cox’s proportional regression analyses were used to determine the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of eCRF categories for having MCI and SCI. RESULTS: During 12-years of follow-up, there were 736 (17.4%) and 272 (6.4%) cases of incidence from MCI and SCI, respectively. In women, compared to the quartile 1 group (reference, HR=1), the quartile 4 group had significantly lower HRs of having incidence of MCI/SCI (HR=0.72, 95% CI=0.55-0.94, p=.015) and MCI (HR=0.73, 95% CI=0.54-0.99, p=.045). However, in men, eCRF was not associated with incidence of cognitive impairment. CONCLUSIONS: The current findings suggest that eCRF may be an independent predictor of cognitive impairment in middle-aged and older women.

저체중 노인의 추정 심폐체력과 모든 원인 사망과의 연관성

이인환 ( Inhwan Lee ),김병로 ( Byungroh Kim ) 한국운동생리학회(구 한국운동과학회) 2020 운동과학 Vol.29 No.2

PURPOSE: This study investigated the association between estimated cardiorespiratory fitness (eCRF) and all-cause mortality in underweight older adults. METHODS: Data from the 2006 Korean longitudinal study of aging (KLoSA) involving 348 study participants aged 60 years and older (58.0% women) was analyzed in this study. CRF was estimated with sex- and age-specific algorithms developed by the fitness registry and the importance of exercise national database (FRIEND). Participants were classified into lowest 25% (Q1), lower 25% (Q2), middle 25% (Q3), and highest 25% (Q4) on the basis of individual eCRF distributions. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) according to eCRF levels. RESULTS: During 7.8±3.2-year follow-up period, a total of 175 deaths occurred from all causes. Cox regression analysis showed that HR of all-cause mortality was 0.686 (95% CI, 0.474-0.991, p=.045) for Q2, 0.382 (95% CI, 0.253-0.575, p<.001) for Q3, and 0.248 (95% CI, 0.155-0.397, p<.001) for Q4 compared to Q1 as reference (HR=1). The HR of Q4 for all-cause mortality remained significant even after adjustments for covariates, including age and marital status. CONCLUSIONS: The current findings suggest that high eCRF is associated with a decreased risk of all-cause mortality in underweight older adults.

각 층 구성에 따른 혼합수종 구조용 직교집성재의 압축강도

이인환 ( Inhwan Lee ),이수혁 ( Soohyeok Lee ),문형준 ( Hyungjoon Moon ),김건호 ( Keonho Kim ) 한국목재공학회 2021 한국목재공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2021 No.1

본 연구에서는 백합나무를 내층으로 활용한 혼합CLT(cross laminated timber)를 제작하여 단일수종으로 제작한 낙엽송CLT와 압축강도 성능을 비교 검토하였다. 혼합CLT는 낙엽송이나 소나무를 섬유방향와 하중 방향이 평행한 외층에 배치하고 백합나무를 하중방향과 섬유방향이 수직한 내층에 배치하였다. 혼합CLT의 층간 접착은 상온경화형 페놀레조시놀 접착제와(Phenol-resorcinol formaldehyde adhesive: PRF) 친환경 속경화성 폴리우레탄 접착제(Poly-urethane adhesive: PUR) 2종류를 사용하였으며 판재의 등급은 유형별로 다르게 조합하였다. 외층재는 낙엽송, 내층재는 백합나무로 구성된 혼합CLT 유형은 낙엽송 CLT(37.7 MPa) 유형보다 2~18% 저하된 압축강도를 보였으며, 소나무 외층재와 백합나무 내층재로 구성된 혼합CLT 유형은 25% 낮은 압축강도 값이 산출되었다. 낙엽송 CLT 시험편들 중 PRF 접착제로 제작된 유형은 PUR 접착제로 제작된 유형보다 평균 13% 양호한 압축응력을 보였다. CLT 압축강도의 파괴모드는 중층에서 목파가 발생한 ModeⅠ, 접착층의 응집파괴와 목파가 같이 발생한 ModeⅡ, 외층만 파괴된 ModeⅢ를 보였다. PRF 접착제로 제작된 유형의 파괴형상은 대부분 ModeⅡ를 보였다. PRF 접착제로 제작된 유형중 낙엽송CLT는 ModeⅡ와 ModeⅢ를 보였으며, 혼합수종CLT는 ModeⅢ를 보였다.

비행체 충돌효과 분석을 위한 CATIA 모델의 BRL-CAD 모델로의 변환

이인환(Inhwan Lee),이한라(Hanra Lee),배용운(Yongwoon Bae),박종민(Jongmin Park),한순흥(Soonhung Han) (사)한국CDE학회 2014 한국 CAD/CAM 학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2014 No.8

< 전시-P-26 > 온·습도 변동에 따른 FRP보강적층재의 크리프 변형 거동(Ⅰ)

이인환 ( Inhwan Lee ),송다빈 ( Yojin Song ),송요진 ( Dabin Song ),홍순일 ( Soonil Hong ) 한국목재공학회 2019 한국목재공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2019 No.1

온·습도 변동에 따른 낙엽송 FRP보강적층재의 크리프 변형 거동을 검토하였다. 소경각재 적층재의 크리프 시험편은 89 x 120 mm의 소경각재 2개를 적층한 형상(89 x 240 mm)이며 동일 단면적의 8ply 집성재를 제작하여 크리프 거동을 비교하였다. FRP보강 적층재는 인장부에 이방성 GFRP를 접착한 시험편(TypeⅠ)과, 일방성 CFRP를 접착한 시험편(TypeⅡ)을 제작하였다. 크리프 하중은 대조군의 휨 강도시험을 실시하여 대조군 Stress Level 0.25인 15 kN을 적용하였다. 크리프 시험편들은 중앙 하단에 설치한 다이얼게이지로 변형을 측정하였으며 고주파 측정기로 하루 2회 함수율 측정하였다. 또한 시험편들이 설치된 실험실의 상대습도와 온도를 측정하여 Wood Hand book(2010)의 수식으로 평형함수율을 산출한 후 크리프 변형 거동을 검토하였다. 변형과 함수율 및 상대습도와 온도는 누적 7100시간이상 측정하였다. 산출된 평형함수율은 상대습도와 비례관계이며 상대 크리프와 함수율은 반비례적인 거동을 보였다. 상대크리프는 대조군 시험편 0.43, 0.49, Glulam 0.34, 0.33, TypeⅠ 0.36, 0.3 및 TypeⅡ시험편이 0.35, 0.32로 측정되어 대조군의 평균상대크리프가 FRP보강적층재의 평균상대크리프보다 약 12.5% 더 변형된 것을 확인 하였다.

2D 히스토그램 방법을 이용한 3 차원 형상 기반 플랜트 기자재 모델 검색

이인환(Inhwan Lee),김동욱(Donguk Kim),김형기(Hyungki Kim),한순흥(Soonhung Han) (사)한국CDE학회 2016 한국 CAD/CAM 학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2016 No.동계

[특별기고]특별대담 : Y2K 문제의 회고

이인환(Inhwan Lee) 한국정보과학회 2000 정보과학회지 Vol.18 No.6