Isolation and Identification of Secondary Metabolites from the Ovary of Nelumbo nucifera

Seung-Heon Ji(지승헌),Jae-Won Lee(이재원),Seung-Eun Lee(이승은),Young-Seob Lee(이영섭),Geum-Soog Kim(김금숙),Young-Sup Ahn(안영섭),Nam-In Baek(백남인),Yi Lee(이이),Heung-Bin Lim(임흥빈),Dae Young Lee(이대영) 한국생명과학회 2016 생명과학회지 Vol.26 No.10

연꽃의 자방으로부터 80% MeOH로 추출하고, 얻어진 추출물을 n-hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol 및 H₂O으로 용매 분획하였다. 이 중 n-hexane 분획물에 대해 silica gel과 octadecyl silica gel column chromatography 및 Prep-HPLC system을 반복 수행하여 5 종의 물질을 분리 하였다. 각 화합물의 화학구조는 NMR, GC/MS및 ESI/MS 등의 분광학적 스펙트럼을 측정하고, 해석하여 1-eicosanol (1), cycloartenol (2), trans-squalene (3), pentadecanoic acid (4) 및 β-sitosterol (5)으로 동정하였다. 이 화합물들은 연꽃 자방추출물에서 처음으로 분리하고 동정하였으며 앞으로 이 화합물들에 대한 다양한 생리적 및 약리적 활성을 검토함으로써 건강기능성 식품 또는 의약품의 소재로서의 충분한 가치가 있다고 여겨진다. The ovary parts of Nelumbo nucifera were extracted in 80% methanol (MeOH), and the concentrated extract was then partitioned using n-hexane, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), n-butanol (n-BuOH), and H₂O, successively. Using an octadecyl silica gel (ODS) column, silica gel (SiO2) column chromatography, and a HPLC purification system, five compounds were isolated from the n-hexane fraction obtained from the extract of N. nucifera ovary. The chemical structures of the metabolites were determined using several spectroscopic methods, including NMR and GC/MS and MS of 1-eicosanol (1), cycloartenol (2), trans-squalene (3), pentadecanoic acid (4), and β-sitosterol (5). This study is a first attempt to isolate and identify secondary metabolites from the ovary of N. nucifera. The results indicated that the extract of N. nucifera ovary has biological effects, such as antibacterial and -tumor activity. Therefore, it could decrease the risk of HIV transmission through breastfeeding.

사후관리단계에 있는 매립지의 건식침적량 및 토양오염에 관한 연구 - 난지도 매립지 사례를 중심으로

이승묵(Seung Mook Yi),조경숙(Kyung Sook Cho),이은영(Eun Young Lee),김윤정(Yoon Jung Kim),박재우(Jae Woo Park),박석순(Seok Soon Park) 한국환경영향평가학회 1999 환경영향평가 Vol.8 No.2

Atmospheric dry deposition flux and ambient particle mass size distribution were measured to evaluate the impact of atmospheric deposition around the Nanjido landfill sites. Wind direction affects greatly on the variation of mass flux and mass size distribution and made two times higher when the wind was blown from the road side. The effect of Nanjido landfill on the mass size distribution was significant comparing to simultaneously measured mass size distribution at the other sampling site. The results showed that the particle diameter bigger than 10 μm explained the majority of atmospheric dry deposition flux. A survey was also carried out to investigate the contamination of soils in a completed Nanjido landfill. The chemical properties of the soil analyzed in the present study include pH, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), anion and cation concentration, total organic carbon(TOC), and some-metal elements concentrations were analyzed. Microbial activity in the soils was also evaluated by measuring dehydrogenase activities. TOC in the soil contaminated with leachate was 467.0 μg/g-dry soil, and the TOC in the soil, where Nanjido landfill gases were emitted from, was 675 μg/g-dry soil. The highest microbial activity of 968.0∼2147 μg-TPF/g-dry soil/day was found in the soil spouting Nanjido landfill gases. Compared with those in the uncontaminated soil, the concentrations of Cr, Cu and Pb in the contaminated soil were higher.

도(道)의 존재론 -지하(地下)의 서적과 지상(紙上)의 서적을 통해 본 『노자(老子)』 철학의 형성과 전개1-

이승률 ( Seung Ryul Yi ) 연세대학교 국학연구원 2012 동방학지 Vol.159 No.-

The Laozi was practically the only current text within traditional literature until the 1960`s. However, with the finding of excavated literature, such as the Mawangdui Laozi, Guodian Laozi, and Beijing Laozi after the 1970`s, much new information emerged concerning the nature and establishment of Laozi, along with other matters. Along with the new data, many problems have also surf aced. One of the most important issues concerns the reinforced historical view of scholars who uncritically believe the records of Laozi`s biography (老子列傳) in the Historical Records (史記) written by Sima Qian. The majority of scholars who view Laozi from this perspective strongly adhere to the position that there were almost no changes in the content of the current text during the establishment process between the period of revolution. However, this study suggests that there have been fundamental changes in the basic philosophy of Laozi during the period between the Guodian Laozi, Mawangdui Laozi, and current texts that span several centuries. The concept of Dao during the Guodian Laozi stage was considered an actual existence that transcended all things in the universe. However, during the stages of Mawangdui Laozi and the current text, this concept was viewed as something existent in all matters. Such significant changes in ontology also naturally affect epistemology. Therefore, although sensuous cognition was completely denied during the Guodian Laozi stage, it was partially recognized during the Mawangdui Laozi and current text stage. Such changes in ontology and epistemology have resulted in fundamental changes in social and political perspectives. The philosophy of tolerance and the theory of social division of labor in Laozi, which suggests equal social and political opportunities for all human beings, stem from the Mawangdui Laozi and the current text stage.

남성중심 질서에 대한 재고 -팀 오브라이언의 「쏭 트라 봉의 연인」

이승복 ( Seung Bok Yi ) 한국현대영미소설학회 2014 현대영미소설 Vol.21 No.1

Tim O`Brien`s “Sweetheart of the Song Tra Bong” has been mainly discussed on gender issue primarily because the story deals with the weird transformation of an innocent 17-year-old girl named Mary Anne Belle into a monstrous figure, who finally disappears into the Vietnamese jungle. Many critics have argued that Mary Anne`s changes suggest the transgression of gender role, that her monstrous feature reveals male fear of female warrior, or that her transformation reflects the indecipherable nature of war itself. All these arguments have their base on Mary Anne`s mysterious changes. Besides, this story has raised controversial issues due to the credibility not only of its narrator but also of its content. The narrator Rat Kiley is highly infamous for his exaggeration of what he is saying, and the story quite defies the expectation from the audience, who are quite used to the typical narrative structure that has a normal development and a clear ending. O`Brien presents a story that has no such clear development or ending in order to challenge the conventional conception of war. For O`Brien, war is not for men only. It surely affects both men and women, and what he tries to tell the reader is that the war experience accordingly is not for men only. The most important thing is the matter of degree to which either man or woman is willing to submerge themselves in given circumstances. That the male soldiers are unable to interpret Mary Anne`s changes suggests that their range of thought is confined within the familiarly classified or programmed logic, which is based on male-centered logic or language. A presence of a female in the so-called exclusively male area of war confuses the male soldiers when she violates the socially expected role as a typical woman. By presenting the male soldiers` lack of proper words to describe and define Mary Anne`s transformation, O`Brien invites the reader to consider the limit of male-centered language, and thus of the male-centered order.

생체 부분 간이식에서 수여자의 우 위대망동맥을 이용한 간동맥 문합

이승은(Seung Eun Lee),이남준(Nam-Joon Yi),서경석(Kyung-Suk Suh),권준혁(Choon Hyuk Kwon),민경원(Kyung Won Minn),이건욱(Kuhn Uk Lee) 한국간담췌외과학회 2005 한국간담췌외과학회지 Vol.9 No.2

네 개의 고정 바퀴가 장착된 자동차 구조 평면형 모바일 로봇의 기구학 모델링

이승은(Seung-Eun Lee),김희국(Wheekuk Kim),이병주(Byung-Ju Yi) Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2002 한국정밀공학회지 Vol.19 No.7

행위 주체자 델라의 변화를 위한 사회 금기 허물기: 메릴린 로빈슨의 『잭』

이승복 ( Seung Bok Yi ) 한국현대영미소설학회 2021 현대영미소설 Vol.28 No.2

Marilynne Robinson’s latest novel Jack deals with how Jack meets Della Miles and how they develop their love to be husband and wife. Even though the protagonist is Jack and the whole story is narrated by Jack and entirely from his point of view, it seems correct to claim that the real protagonist is Della. For it is Della whose firm attitude toward Jack and their affection, and action initiate the important events and develop them to unite Jack and Della as real husband and wife. Both Jack and Della cross the boundary of racial taboo and confirm their love, but their attitudes are quite different. Jack is described as indecisive and at some point he even thinks of terminating their relation due to racial issue. On the other hand, Della, who has maintained a very normal and happy life, hides in her mind an ever-burning anger caused by racism which does not include African Americans as part of America. Her anger, however, works in quite positive and beneficial ways to let her see persons in his or her pure form of soul, which in Robinson’s words is the mystery of human existence. By seeing Jack as a person who is beautiful in his own way, Della is able to reinforce her love of him despite the fierce opposition from her family and thus she is disowned by her father. Robinson calls their marriage as Jack’s “grandest larceny by far” and the “knowledge of good” at the very ending paragraph of the text. Robinson casts a very serious question about race that keeps appearing in Gilead trilogy and asks readers what society would find couples like Jack and Della happy and secure.

서사재료의 관점에서 본 간백 Ⅲ

이승률(Yi Seung-Ryul) 예문동양사상연구원 2008 오늘의 동양사상 Vol.- No.19

서사재료의 관점에서 간백자료를 논할 때 간독의 치수와 내용의 관계의 문제는 반드시 고찰해야 할 중요한 문제 중의 하나이다. 왜냐하면 간독의 치수는 문헌의 성격 및 내용과 매우 밀접한 관련이 있기 때문이다. 중국 고대의 간독의 지수는 한마디로 말하면 정형화와 차별화 과정의 산물이라고 할 수 있다. 좀 더 구체적으로 말하면 치수와 관련하여 한대 및 그 이후에 성립된 전래문헌에 보이는 각종 서적이나 문서의 치수는 간독이 서사재료로 사용되기 시작한 시기부터 종이로 대체되는 시기에 이르기까지 수백 수천 년에 걸친 정형화 및 차별화 과정을 통하여 형성된 역사적 산물이라는 것이다. 그렇기 때문에 전래문헌에 보이는 치수를 그대로 그 이전 시기에 적용시킬 수는 없다. 물론 간백자료에 의하여 전래문헌의 기록이 입증된 경우도 있다. 예를 들면 유교 경전이나 율령이나 천자의 조서와 그 밖의 서적이나 문서의 길이가 차별화되어 있었다든가, 『논어』는 문고본의 형태로 유통되고 있었다는 점 등이 그것이다. 그러나 그것도 모든 시기, 모든 지역에 적용되는 것은 아니다. 한편 간독의 치수와 내용의 관계의 문제는 20세기 중반까지만 해도 주로 전래문헌에 의존하여 연구되어 왔다. 그러나 실물자료로서의 간백자료가 비약적으로 증가한 오늘날에는 이러한 생생한 자료를 이용하여 이 문제와 관련된 매우 구체적인 실태를 좀 더 정확하게 알 수 있게 되었다. 여기서 말하는 구체적인 실태란 중국 고대의 간독의 치수는 기본적으로는 내용과 밀접한 관련이 있지만, 그 밖에도 간독의 종류와 성격, 묘주의 지위와 신분, 중요도, 용도, 더 나아기서는 고대 중국인의 종교관 등 다양한 요소에 따라 그 실상이 각각 달랐다는 것을 의미한다. The relationship between dimension(length) and content of bamboo and wooden scripts was a critical issue in the discussion of bamboo and silk documents from the perspective of writing materials. The dimension of bamboo and wooden scripts IS very closely related to the nature and contents of the text. The dimension of bamboo and wooden scripts in ancient China is a by-product of the process of formalization and differentiation. From the period when bamboo and wooden scripts to be used as writing materials to the period when paper replaced them, various books and documents shown in literatures of the Han and afterward became formalized and differentiated throughout several hundred or several thousand years. Therefore, a certain specific dimension shown in a traditional literature cannot be applied to other cases in the previous periods. Of course, there are cases that records of traditional literatures were proved by data of bamboo and wooden scripts. For example, we can find differentiation in the length of Confucian Classics, laws and statures, protocols of the emperor, and other types of books and documents. Another example is Lun yu(論語) in a form of a pocket edition. But those are very exceptional cases. Until the mid 20th century, the relationship between dimension and content has been mainly researched depending on traditional literatures. However, recently the study which uses the data directly from bamboo and silk scripts has dramatically increased. So now it is possible to find out very specific actual conditions more accurately using the real data. The specific actual conditions reveal that each case has differences according to various elements such as types and nature of bamboo and wooden scripts, position and social status of the owner of tomb, significance and usage of the materials, and the idea of religion in ancient China.

월북시인 박산운 시 연구

이승이(Lee Seung-yi) 어문연구학회 2015 어문연구 Vol.85 No.-

본고는 시집 내가 사는 나라 를 중심으로 월북시인 박산운의 시세계를 살폈다. 총9부로 구성된 시집에는 1940년대〜1990년대 발표된 시작품 75편이 수록되어 있다. 본고는 이 가운데 1940년대‧1950년대‧1980년대 시 를 중심으로 박산운을 둘러싼 전위시인‧월북시인‧북한시인의 키워드를 풀어 시세계를 이해하고자 하였다. 이 를 통해 북한 시문학의 흐름 속에서 박산운이 어떻게 흡수되고 개성을 지켜나갔는지를 알 수 있었다. 첫째, ‘전위시인’은 해방기 신진시인의 탈식민주의적 기질로, 남의 나라가 되어 버린 조국 현실에서 새 나라 건설을 위한 박산운의 열망과 관계된다. 둘째, ‘월북시인’은 새 나라 건설의 열망으로 38선을 넘은 박산운의 능동적인 행위로부터 기인한다. 박산운에게 월북 행위는 ‘내가 가야할 길’로, 해방기 유이민의 ‘귀국’과 마찬가지로 새로운 고향을 찾아 떠난 ‘귀향’의 의미를 지닌다. 셋째, ‘북한시인’은 추방과 복권의 과정을 겪으면서 북한문단에 흡수되기 위한 의식적인 창작행위로, 박산운이 당과 수령이 요구하는 혁명적 시문학 창작에 힘쓴 것과 관련된다. 본 연구를 통해 박산운의 시세계를 수령 찬양문학과 통일문학으로 집약할 수 있었다. 박산운의 시세계는 수령 찬양문학을 통해 북한 시문학사의 흐름을 이해하는 중요한 지표로 활용될 가능성을 얻었다. 또 통일문학을 통해 시세계의 근원이 ‘어머니 나라’의 온전한 회복이었고, 일생을 통일시인으로 살았음을 알았다. 박산운 시세 계는 시대적 현실과 개인적 현실이 맞물려 조국통일의 한길을 꾸준히 닦아온 피맺힌 탐구로 기억될 것이다. This article’s objective is to understand the poetic universe of San Woon Park (1921.7.1〜1997.7.21), who was a cancelled a ban defect poet to North Korea. San Woon Park made a major debut as new rising liberation period poet in 1946 with joint publication of “Avant-garde Poetry Collection”. He moved to North Korea in 1948 and established himself firmly in North Korean literature during times of purging and reinstating of North Korean governmental system. “The Country I Live in,” (1992), the main focus of this research, consists of nine parts with 75 poems in total which were published between 1940’s and 1990’s. This article explored main themes of poems by dividing into three different periods as 1940’s, 1950’s and 1980’s. Also, it confirmed periodic and personal realities related to main themes. Through this, I have attempted to understand the characteristics of San Woon Park’s poetic universe as avant-garde poet, defect poet to North Korean, North Korean poet, and reunification poet. 1940’s was a dark age at the end of Japanese colonization of Korea and confused period caused by liberation. Also, the formation of personal reality took place due to forced draft-studying abroad and returning to hometown-defecting to North Korea. Main themes of poems are lives of colonized people and destroyed hometown, happiness of liberation and despair, and aspiration for building a new country. 1950’s was characterized by Korean war and post-war reparation. It was the period of intersection of establishment of North Korean regime and personal reality due to exile-reinstatement and loss of hometown. Themes of poems included praising great leader, reality of post-war reparation, heroic struggle, and sense of losing hometown. 1980’s was the period of Jung Il Kim’s power succession as well as strengthening self-reliance theory of Kim’s dynasty, in which personal reality as a person who lost his hometown, living through pain of separation was intersected. Themes of poems characterized by praise of Jung Il Kim, strengthening of loyalty regarding hidden hero, pain of separation, longing for home, and reunification of both nations. The understanding of San Woon Park’s poetic universe as it follows. First, his poetic universe serves as an important index in understanding the flow of North Korean poetic literature as it reflects North Korean literature policy in effect every decade. Second, his poems regarding reunification separate from other North Korean poetic literature due to its different interpretation of one’s motherland. Third, hidden meaning of his keywords, which include avant-garde poet, defect poet, and North Korean poet, can be integrated into reunification poet. Therefore, poems on reunification remain incomplete, but it could be concluded that San Woon Park’s poetic universe roots from restoration of “Motherland”.

현대영미소설 : 핵시대의 핵공포: 팀 오브라이언의 『핵시대』

이승복 ( Seung Bok Yi ) 한국현대영미소설학회 2015 현대영미소설 Vol.22 No.1

Tim O``Brien``s The Nuclear Age deals with the present and clear danger of nuclear threat in a modern age with its main character William Cowling and his seemingly eccentric digging a shelter hole in his home yard. Cowling``s main concern is how to survive in this world that can come to an end at any moment due to weapons of mass destruction including nuclear warhead. Through Cowling``s present behavior and past memories, O``Brien is tacitly critiquing the apathy, indifference, or ignorance of the public toward the enormous threat. Cowling``s digging the hole looks insane to those around him, but they fail to understand how desperate they would be once they recognize the very plausibility of the end of the world by nuclear bombs. The temporal setting of the text reveals the cause of Cowling``s deep-rooted fear of death and his reaction against the collective indifference toward what he feels as the conspicuous danger. The hole he is digging functions as both a real shelter for survival and a metaphor for his inner self. The deeper he digs the hole, the deeper he delves into himself. Cowling``s repeated self-question of "What does one do?" invites the reader to think about the matter of sanity and insanity in this world, and his question further extends to the issue of individual and/ or collective choice of either possible annihilation or survival. Family plays a crucial role for Cowling to recognize his sense of love and responsibility as a husband and father, and to continue a hope for the future despite many risks. It is through love and hope, the so-called feminine virtues, that will give a clue to the present danger of the world, and it is what O``Brien has constantly presented to his reader as the alternative or complimentary force to the masculine forces that are presented in the form of violence, exclusiveness, incommunicability and so on in his texts.