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이은실,권오주,예은아,전창진 한국안광학회 2013 한국안광학회지 Vol.18 No.4
목적: 골수기질세포는 생체 내·외에서 신경세포와 신경교세포로 교차분화 할 수 있는 능력을 가지고 있는 것으로밝혀져 있다. 발생 중인 숙주 환경에 따라 이식된 골수기질세포의 생존여부, 형태학적 그리고 분자적 분화영향을 조사하기 위해 브라질산 주머니쥐 안구에 마우스 골수기질세포를 이식하였다. 방법: GFP를 발현하는 골수기질세포를발생 중인 브라질산 주머니쥐의 각 시기별로 이식하여, 이식 후 최대 4주까지 생존시킨 후 각 시기별로 면역조직화학법을 시행하였다. 결과: 이식한 골수기질세포의 일부는 숙주동물의 유리체 내에서 생존하며 일부 돌기를 내는 신경세포로 형태학적 분화가 됨을 관찰할 수 있었다. 또한 유리체에 존재하는 일부 세포는 신경세포 표지인자인 TuJ1(class III β-tubulin), 신경교세포 표지인자인 GFAP(glial fibrillary acidic protein), 또는 신경줄기세포 표지인자인 Nestin 단백질을 발현하였다. 게다가, 일부 골수기질세포는 신경절세포층으로 이동함을 관찰했으나, 이동한 세포들은 형태학적 또는 분자적 분화를 나타내지는 않았다. 결론: 이번 연구에서 가장 효율적인 이식시기는 생후 16일째의 포유류 망막으로, 이는 망막세포의 분화양상과 층분화 패턴으로 미뤄볼 때 생후 4~5일 정도의 마우스 망막과 발생학적으로 상동함을 알 수 있었다. 또한 이식 받은 숙주 망막의 미세환경이 이식된 세포운명에 영향을 미치는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. Purpose: Marrow stromal cells (MSCs) have been known for their potential to trans-differentiate into neural and glial cells in vitro and in vivo. To investigate the influence of the developing host environment on the survival and morphological and molecular differentiation, murine MSCs transplanted into the eye of Brazilian opossum (Monodelphis domestica). Methods: Enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP) - expressing MSCs were transplanted into developing Brazilian opossums. Animals were allowed to survive for up to 4 weeks after transplantation, at which time the eyes were prepared for immunohistochemical analysis. Results: Some transplanted MSCs survived and showed morphological differentiation into neural cells with some processes within the host vitreous chamber. Some transplanted cells expressed class III β-tubulin (TuJ1, a marker for neuronal cells) or glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP, a marker for glial cells) or Nestin (a marker for neural stem cells). In addition,some transplanted cells were located in ganglion cell layer but did not show morphological and molecular differentiation. Conclusions: Our result show that the most effective stage of development for transplantation into the retina was postnatal day 16, which retinas developmentally corresponded to postnatal day 4-5 days mouse retina based on cell differentiation and lamination patterns. The present findings suggest that the age of the host appears to play a key role in determining cell fate in vivo.
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진미주,이지은,예은아,전창진,Jin Mi-Joo,Lee Jee-Eun,Ye Eun-Ah,Jeon Chang-Jin Korean Society of Life Science 2005 생명과학회지 Vol.15 No.3
산화질소(NO)와 칼슘 결합 단백질은 중추신경계의 다양한 세포들에서 나타나며, 이들은 각각 중요 신호전달 분자와 칼슘 완충 분자이다. 본 연구는 햄스터의 시각피질에서 뇌산화질소 합성효소 (nNOS)와 parvalbumin을 포함하는 뉴런들의 분포와 이들의 co-localization 양상을 면역세포화학적 기법을 이용하여 알아보았다. 햄스터 시각피질에서 parvalbumin에 대한 면역 반응성을 나타내는 뉴런들의 전체 수는 nNOS에 대한 면역 반응성을 보이는 뉴런들의 수보다 17배나 많았다. 가장 큰 차이는 시각피질 제5충에서 발견되었으며, 이곳에서 parvalbumin-면역 반응성 뉴런이 nNOS-면역 반응성 뉴런들의 수보다 54.7배나 높았다. nNOS-또는 parvalbumin-면역 반응성 뉴런들은 크기와 형태, 분포 방식이 시각피질에서 유사하게 나타났다. 그러나 이색 면역형광 기법은 햄스터 시각피질에서 nNOS와 parvalbumin을 모두 발현하는 뉴런은 없음을 보여주었다. 본 연구의 결과는 nNOS와 칼슘 결합 단백질 사이의 co-localization양상이 종간에 차이가 존재함을 나타내며 또한 시각피질에 있는 nNOS-면역 반응성 뉴런들의 다양성과 이질성뿐만 아니라 동물 다양성 이해의 중요성을 함께 제시한다고 볼 수 있다. Nitric oxide (NO) and calcium-binding proteins occur in various types of cells in the central nervous system. They are important signaling and calcium buffering molecules, respectively. In the present study, using immunocytochemistry we examined the distribution and the co-localization pattern of neurons containing neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and parvalbumin in the visual cortex of hamster. The overall number of parvalbumin-immunoreactive (IR) neurons was 17 times higher than that of the nNOS-IR neurons in the hamster visual cortex. The highest differences were found in layer V, where parvalbumin-IR neurons were 54.7 times more abundant than nNOS-IR neurons. Many nNOS- and parvalbumin-IR neurons were similar in size, shape, and manner of distribution in the visual cortex. However, two-color immunofluorescence revealed that no neurons in the hamster visual cortex expressed both nNOS and parvalbumin. The present results indicate that there are subtle species differences in the co-localization pattern between nNOS and calcium-binding proteins. The present results also suggest not only the heterogeneity and functional diversity of nNOS-IRneurons in the visual cortex, but also the importance of understanding animal diversity
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전영기,주영락,예은아,김문숙,전창진 한국안광학회 2013 한국안광학회지 Vol.18 No.2
Purpose: This study was done to understand the visual system of bat by analyzing the distribution of middle/long(ML) opsin cone photoreceptors in the retina of the greater horseshoe bat. Methods: Experiments have beenperformed by standard immunocytochemical techniques on retina of the greater horseshoe bat Rhinolophusferrumequinum. Results: The estimated numbers of ML cones were 27,336±2,130 cells and the mean density of themwas 7,854±268 cells/mm2 among the four retinas. S opsin was appeared a little immunoreactivity in the outersegments of outer nuclear layer of cones. Conclusions: From the well organized spatial distributions of ML opsinand the immunoreactivity of S opsin in the retinas, the greater horseshoe bats have the functions not only reactingin the photopic vision but being able to distinguish the colors. 목적: 한국관박쥐의 망막에서 원뿔세포의 middle/long(ML) opsin cone photoreceptors의 분포를 분석하여 박쥐의시각계를 이해하고자 하였다. 방법: 표준면역세포화학법을 이용하여 성체 한국관박쥐의 망막을 대상으로 조사하였다. 결과: 4 개체의 망막 전체에서 추정된 ML opsin은 27,336±2,130개였으며, 평균밀도는 7,854±268 cells/mm2이었다. S opsin은 외핵층에 위치한 세포외절에서 일부 면역반응성을 보였다. 결론: ML opsin의 조직화된 분포와 S opsin의발현 결과는 한국관박쥐가 밝은 빛에도 반응하며 색을 구별할 수 있는 기능을 가지고 있다는 것을 알 수 있다.
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개 정자의 보존방법에 따른 첨체 및 생존성의 변화 1 : 저온보존에 따른 효과
정정란,유재규,양성렬,여현진,박종식,예은하,노규진,최상용 韓國受精卵移植學會 2001 한국동물생명공학회지 Vol.16 No.1
Artificial insemination (AI) with frozen or cooled semen is widely used in commercial fields of cattle and pig. Little is known about characteristics of canine sperm after freezing or cooling. For both practical and commercial goal, the canine semen treated with cooling and freezing should be carried out to exam the fundamentals, including sperm motility, survivability and fertilizing capacity. The aim of this study, thus, was to identify the effects of extended exposure to 4 on canine semen by motility, survivability, acrosomal changes following different duration. Fifteen ejaculates collected by digital manipulation twice per week from 3 dogs (Shih-Tzu) were divided to 16 aliquots after adding Tris-egg yolk (TE) buffer formulated by our laboratory, and cooled from 37 to 4, by ramp rate of 0.6/min. Each sample was evaluated by their motility, survivability and the acrosomal status at 0h (control), 2h, 12h and 1 d~10 d, respectively. The motility of spermatozoa was graded to 6 levels using the modified method of Seager. The survivability of sperm was assessed using an epifluorescence microscope after Fert/Light (Mole-cular Probes Inc.) staining. To estimate the proportion of the spermatozoa of intact acrosome, 200 spermatozoa were assessed in randomly selected fields, using epifluorescence microscope after FITC/PSA (Sigma) staining. At 2 h after cooling, the motility of most spermatozoa were assessed to be grade 0 and 1. At 12 h, high number of sperm were in grade 0 to 1, however, it was significantly (P<0.05) lower than that of 2 h. From 1 d to 4 d, ~50% of sperm was assessed to grade 0 to 1. On day 7, a little sperm were in grade 0 to 1. No sperm showed motility on day 10. Sperm motility was rapidly reduced by the percent of 10% of grade 0 to 1. From 2 h to 6 h, the number of live sperm was 90% and the sperm chilled for 10 days lived>50%. Acrosomal intact of spermatozoa exposed to 4 for 2 h was 51%, supposed the sperm of control was 100%. Our results suggest that 1) this is easy to transfer and preservation for short periods 2) AI can be used by semen chilled for 6-Day.
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유재우(Yoo Jae-Woo),천진희(Chun Jin-Hee),예은실(Ye Eun-Sil) 대한건축학회 2009 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.25 No.5
This paper had been studied on the formation process of the modern cities' house type as the house plane of K.N.H.C since the restoration of independence. The K.N.H.C provided detached houses from 1950s to 1970s and proposed an apartment plane figure from 1960s to now. Therefore in 1960s, a detached house and an apartment was proposed at the same time. So we studied a mutual relation and specific character centering around this period. We wanted to pursue the process that an apartment has been adjusted, it was sustained to a principle of the detached houses plan, being based on a change of the detached house type in a formative period of a modern house since the restoration of independence.
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김예은 ( Ye Eun Kim ),이용환 ( Yong Hwan Lee ) 현대사진영상학회 2008 현대사진영상학회논문집 Vol.11 No.-
As the modern society has move from the analog society to the digital society, photographs are also taken by digital media, instead of traditional analogy cameras. The most distinctive trend in the digital society, is that people take a photograph of their daily life by a digital camera, post it on an web-site and share it with peers. The major causes of such trend are development and generalization of digital cameras and built-in mobile cameras. In the early period of mobile phone, authentic telephone functions were emphasized. However, functions of modern mobile phones have been significantly advanced in various areas by development of technology, including sending SMS, video calling, playing games, using internet, watching TV programs, listening musics, automatic roaming, and preventing mosquitoes. Such evolution of mobile phones to all-in-one products which contain various functions in one device was promoted by demand of consumers. Such development of mobile phones were accomplished in the last few years. Especially, Korean companies were the leading companies in such rapid changes of mobile phones. Also, the development of built-in cameras on the advanced mobile phones has reduced the size of compact camera market which once prospered. These built-in cameras focus on satisfying minimum consumers` demand (in other words, taking pictures only suitable to post on the web). According to such changes in circumstance, built-in cameras are more and more developing and it creates the situation that consumers does not want to purchase digital cameras. In this study, performance of built-in cameras of 4 different mobile phone manufacturers was investigated, which were the most popular brands between June and August, 2008. In addition, to compare performance of mobile phone built-in cameras which were presented in this study, the results of photographing GretagMacbeth color chart, Gray scale and ISO Resolution chart taken by built-in cameras from 4 different brands were compared and analyzed using Imatest.
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