남해안시대를 위한 항만물류정책

양항진(Hang-Jin Yang) 한국해양비즈니스학회 2006 해양비즈니스 Vol.- No.8

  Gyeongnam, Busan and Jeonnam make a plan a strategy of regional development in connection with port to be called the Era of South Coast. It has tremendous development potential as a leader of balanced national development. And realization of the Era of South Coast means the establishment of SEATOPIA of Asia by forming a new source of national impetus. Now, Gyeongnam, Busan and Jeonnam are carrying out the port and logistics policy to realization of the Era of South Coast, and considering a preparation of Seaport City to representative policy. This paper examines cases of the regional development like Dubai, Fos and Languedoc Rousillion in France, Rotterdam and Hong Kong in order to develop Seaport City. And then, base on those cases, this paper study a strategy of port development, from witch South Coast come to be one of top 7 economic blocks in Northeast Asia through the utilization of its unlimited potential and establishment of marine economic axis.

부산항 신항 항만배후단지 입주기업 경쟁력 강화에 관한 연구

양항진(Hang-Jin Yang),장봉규(Bong-Gyu Chiang) 한국무역연구원 2021 무역연구 Vol.17 No.4

Purpose - As a study to improve the competitiveness of Busan New Port hinterland complex, this study was intended to identify the problems of the harbor hinterland complex and prepare measures to revitalize the value-added logistics. Design/Methodology/Approach - This study first examined the location characteristics of North hinterland complex and Ung-dong hinterland complex, and suggested that there are differences in occupancy period and public transportation, etc. In addition, through a survey, a cross-tabulation analysis was conducted on the activation of the value-added logistics of Busan New Port hinterland complex by occupancy complex and occupancy type. Findings - The results are as follows. First, the occupancy companies of Ung-dong hinterland complex were feeling difficulties in recruiting people and the lack of convenience/cultural facilities. Second, it was analyzed that assembly and inspection are important as value-added logistics activities. Third, incentives to attract global logistics companies and various business measures have been identified as important factors to revitalize value-added logistics. Fourth, it was analyzed that improving pubic transportation is the most important factor to revitalize the harbor hinterland complex. Research Implications - This study proposed law and system improvements, including the Foreign Investment Promotion Act, for attracting global logistics companies and various business activities in Busan New port hinterland complex. and the expansion of public transportation requires local governments to actively solve problems.

우리나라 주요 항만의 중심항 발전전략

양항진(Hang-Jin Yang),장봉규(Bong-Gyu Chiang),정두식(Doo-Sik Jung) 한국항만경제학회 2005 韓國港灣經濟學會誌 Vol.21 No.1

The port environment is rapidly changing in North-East Asia. Containerships are getting larger and faster and major shipping companies are converting to Hub & Spoke port networks on the transport systems. Therefore, the main ports in North-East Asia are intensively competing with each other for hub port.<br/> In terms of geopolitical position, locational conditions and external reputation of ports, Busan and Kwangyang ports have a comparative advantage in comparison with main ports in other countries. But in terms of weight of transshipment cargos in total container cargos, the quality of infrastructure in ports, the environment of logistics service and the cost of using ports, Busan and Kwangyang ports have a comparative disadvantage.<br/> For the growth into hub port in North-East Asia, it is necessary that Busan and Kwangyang ports improve their weakness. Besides It is necessary to develope ports and hinterland quickly, offer uniformity of foreign investment laws and incentive systems.

항만형 자유무역지역의 부가가치 창출을 위한 제도 개선에 관한 연구

양항진(Hang-Jin Yang) 한국해양비즈니스학회 2020 해양비즈니스 Vol.- No.45

Recently, opinions on the improvement of the system have been continuously raised to allow value-added industries to move into the port-style free trade zones(FTZ). This study aims to examine the problems experienced by companies operating and companies that promoted entry into the FTZ, and to suggest ways to improve them. First, the manufacturing and processing industries of goods not included in the Regulations on Tariff Concessions, including agricultural, forest and livestock, should be allowed to move into the port-style FTZ. It also proposed that a stricter cargo management system was needed, while allowing limited entry into the port-style FTZ if the goods were subject to the Regulations on Tariff Concessions but exporting all of them. Second, it considered the difficulties of high value-added processing as the port-style FTZ were strictly divided into manufacturing and logistics businesses, and proposed the need to introduce a General bonded areas system that could perform a combination of functions of bonded warehouses and bonded factories, etc. Third, it was proposed that the preferential rent system for logistics industries should be switched to the same rental system in terms of equity with manufacturing industries. Through this, port-style FTZ will be able to develop into high value global production and logistics hubs as well as free manufacturing, logistics, distribution and trade activities.

중력모형을 이용한 부산항의 해상물동량 입출항 패턴 분석

양항진(Hang-Jin Yang) 한국항만경제학회 2006 韓國港灣經濟學會誌 Vol.22 No.3

본 연구에는 국제무역이론에서 자주 이용되고 있는 중력모형을 이용하여 시계열 분석에서 고려되지 못한 항만입지(주간선항로상의 위치여부), 항만비용(해상운송비용), 지역경제협력(ASEAN, EU, NAFTA) 등을 시계열 자료와 결합하여 부산항의 해상물동량을 추정하였다. 부산항의 수출입물동량에 대한 분석 결과를 살펴보면, 두 나라간의 거리에 (-) 영향을 받고, 우리나라와 교역상대국 GDP의 합에 대해서는 (+) 효과를 나타내는 것으로 분석되었다. 교역상대국이 주 간선항로 위치 여부(LINE)와 해운협정 체결(ARG) 여부는 (+) 부호를 나타내며 통계적으로 유의한 결과를 얻었다. 해상운송비용의 경우는 해상운임이 1% 포인트 상승하면 부산항의 수출입물동량은 0.323에서 0.490% 정도 감소하는 것으로 분석되었다. 부산항의 입출항 환적물동량에 대한 분석 결과, 우리나라와 교역상대국 GDP의 합은 (+)의 호과를 나타내는 것으로 분석되었으며 주간선항로의 위치변수(LINE)는 (+)의 부호를 나타내고 통계적으로도 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 해상운송비용은 1% 포인트 상승하면 부산항의 환적 물동량이 약 0.586에서 0.895 가량 감소하는 것으로 분석되었다. 지역경제협력체인 EU에 대해서는 수출입과 환적물동량 모두에서 (-)의 부호를 나타내었고 ASEAN은 환적물동량에서 (+)의 부호를 나타내며 통계적으로 유의한 결과를 얻었다. In this paper, using the gravity model, I examined that the port traffic in the port of Pusan have been influenced by GDP of South Korea, GDP of trading countries, an agreement on maritime transport, maritime transport charge and the local economic integration, etc. In view of the policy implication based on the result of analysis by the gravity model, the port traffic and the transshipment in the port of Pusan is positively influenced by GDP of South Korea, GDP of trading countries and countries on the way of main sea route(LINE). But it is negatively influenced by maritime transport charge. Especially, when a maritime transport charge goes up 1 percentage point, it is estimated that a transshipment decreases about 0.586-0.895 percentage point. So, a maritime transport charge was found to have more effect on a transshipment than a port traffic(except transshipment).

해상풍력단지 지원항만 여건 분석 및 평가에 관한 연구 - 경상남도 항만을 중심으로-

양항진(Yang, Hang-Jin),장봉규(Chiang, Bong-Gyu) 한국항만경제학회 2019 韓國港灣經濟學會誌 Vol.35 No.4

해상풍력발전은 대표적인 재생에너지이며 급속히 성장하고 있는 산업으로 정부는 2030년까지 17.7GW로 확대할 계획을 추진하고 있다. 경상남도의 경우에도 욕지도에 461.9MW 규모의 해상풍력발전이 추진중이며, 향후 1GW 규모 이상으로 추가 확대될 것으로 예상되고 있다. 이에 따라 해상풍력발전 기자재의 보관, 조립, 운송, 설치 등의 기능을 지원하는 지원항만은 해상풍력단지 개발사업의 원활한 진행과 경제성 확보에 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 예상된다. 본 연구는 선행연구와 주요국 사례를 바탕으로 해상풍력 지원항만의 평가 기준을 마련하여 욕지도 해상풍력단지와 연계한 경상남도 소재 항만의 여건을 분석하고 평가해 보고자 하였다. 평가 기준으로 해상풍력단지와의 거리, 입출항 제약, 항행수역, 어업권 요인, 부대비용, 안벽길이, 수심, 항만부지, 부두하중, 타 화물 간섭, 민원과 관련산업 집적으로 세분화하였다. 이후 경상남도 항만 중에서 통영항, 삼천포항, 고현항, 마산항, 진해항을 선정하여 평가하였다. 연구 결과로 해상풍력단지와의 거리, 입출항 제약, 어업권 요인 등은 통영항이 우수하였으나, 안벽길이, 수심, 항만부지 등 다른 평가 기준에서는 대체적으로 삼천포항, 마산항, 진해항이 우수한 것으로 평가되었다. 본 연구는 지속적으로 증가하는 해상풍력단지 개발사업과 연계하여 공공기관, 풍력사업자 및 정책입안자가 지원항만 선정에 필요한 사항을 평가하는 기본 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. Offshore wind power is a representative renewable energy source and a rapidly growing industry. In Gyeongsangnam-do, offshore wind farms of 461.9MW are being pushed for in the Yokji island and are expected to expand further to over 1GW in the future. Accordingly, ports supporting the storage, assembly, transportation, and installation of offshore wind power equipment are expected to play an important role in the smooth progress of the offshore wind farm development project. Based on previous research and cases in major countries, this study prepared criteria for assessment of ports supporting offshore wind farmsand evaluated ports in Gyeongsangnam-do, which are linked to Yokji island offshore wind farms. The assessment criteria have been subdivided into distance from the offshore wind farm, port entry and exit restrictions, navigational areas, fishery rights factors, additional costs, berth length, depth of berth, size of the port yard, port berth bearing pressure, interference with other cargo, a civil appeal, and relevant industrial aggregation. The ports of Tongyeong, Samcheonpo, Kohyun, Masan, and Jinhae in Gyeongsangnam-do were selected and evaluated. As a result, the port of Tongyoung was superior in terms of distance from the Yokji island offshore wind farm. The ports of Samcheonpo, Masan, and Jinhae were evaluated as excellent in other criteria such as berth length, depth of berth, and so on. This study is expected to be used as a source of basic data for offshore wind power companies and policymakers to select and evaluate the supporting ports of offshore wind farms.

탄소중립(Net Zero)이 해운산업에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

양항진(Hang-Jin Yang),장봉규(Bong-Gyu Chiang) 한국국제상학회 2021 國際商學 Vol.36 No.3

정부의 탄소중립(Net Zero) 선언은 이산화탄소 등을 다량 배출하고 있는 산업의 생산 및 수출입 구조에서 대전환이 예고하고 있다. 이는 벌크선, 원유 및 석유제품운반선 등을 가장 많이 보유하고 있는 국적선사들의 해상운송 수요에도 직접적인 영향을 미치게 된다. 이 연구는 탄소중립 선언에 따라 전력산업의 석탄화력발전소의 단계적 폐쇄와 철강산업의 생산 공정의 변화가 원재료인 유연탄의 해상운송 수요에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자 하였다. 또한, 전기차/수소차로의 전환에 따른 정유산업의 석유 및 석유제품의 수출입 구조의 변화가 해상운송 수요에 미치는 영향 관계도 도출해 보고자 하였다. 연구결과, 탄소중립에 따른 전력산업, 철강산업 및 정유산업의 구조변화로 2040년경 유연탄은 3,031만톤, 석유와 석유제품은 8억 4,826만 배럴의 해상운송 물동량 감소가 예상되었다. 이에 대비하여 정부는 선제적 대응방안을 마련하고, LNG 등 전략화물의 국적선사 적취율 개선과 액화수소 해상운송 체계 구축 등이 필요하다. Purpose : This study examines the impact of structural changes in the electric power, steel, and oil refining industries following the Korean government’s declaration of carbon neutrality on the demand for maritime transport of bituminous coal and petroleum products. Research design, data and methodology : This study examined the Korean government’s carbon neutrality policy, the expected changes in the structure, and the status of ship ownership of national shipping companies. Based on this, the study predicted maritime transport demands facing shipping companies. Results : The results of the study reveal that the demand of the transport of bituminous coal is expected to decrease by 30.31 million tons by 2040. Furthermore, the demand for the transport of oil and petroleum products is also expected to decrease by 848.26 million barrels by 2040. Conclusions : This study suggests that port authorities should develop an active response plan, improve the utilization rate of national shipping companies for strategic cargo, and prepare a hydrogen transport system in response to the decrease in maritime transport demand due to Korea’s carbon neutrality policy.

기업의 CSR 활동이 조직신뢰와 직무만족에 미치는 영향에 관한 실증연구

정두식,양항진,Jung, Doo-Sig,Yang, Hang-Jin 한국디지털정책학회 2021 디지털융복합연구 Vol.19 No.10

본 연구는 방산제조업체인 H사의 현장 사원 289명을 대상으로 설문조사를 하고 기업의 CSR 활동이 조직신뢰와 직무만족에 어떤 영향을 미치며, 조직신뢰의 매개효과를 확인하고자 실증 분석하였다. 실증분석 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 기업의 CSR 활동은 현장 사원들의 직무만족에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 기업의 CSR 활동은 현장 사원들에게 매우 중요한 동기부여가 되는 것으로 분석되었다. 즉, 자신이 근무하고 있는 조직이 적극적으로 사회적 책임을 이행하고 있다고 인식한 직원들은 조직신뢰에 대한 지각수준도 높다고 볼 수 있다. 셋째, 직원들의 조직신뢰가 높아질수록 직무만족도 증대하는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 기업의 CSR 활동과 직무만족 간의 관계에서 조직신뢰의 매개효과가 있는지에 대한 검증을 한 결과, 완전 매개효과와 부분매개효과가 혼재하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이 연구결과는 방산제조기업이 계속 기업으로 성장에 필요한 효율적인 조직관리 방안 마련에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. The purpose of this study was to empirically examine the effects of CSR activities on a defense manufacturing employees' organizational trust and job satisfaction and the mediating effect of organizational trust. To conduct such examinationusing, 289 valid samples collected from field employees of H-company(defense manufacturer) in Chang Won. The empirical analysis results are summarized as follows. First, corporate CSR activities were found to affect job satisfaction of field employees. Second, corporate CSR activities were analyzed to be a very important motivator for field employees. In other words, it can be interpreted that employees who perceive that their organization is actively fulfilling social responsibilities have a high level of perception of organizational trust. Third, it was found that the higher the organizational trust of the employees, the higher the job satisfaction. Fourth, as a result of verifying whether there is a mediating effect of organizational trust in the relationship between corporate CSR activity and job satisfaction, it was found that the full mediating effect and the partial mediating effect were mixed.

기후변화에 대응한 에너지 전환 정책이 항만에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

김시현(Si-Hyun Kim),양항진(Hang-Jin Yang),박상형(Sang-Hyung Park) 한국무역연구원 2021 무역연구 Vol.17 No.5

Purpose - With the government s energy conversion policy response to climate change, coal-fired power plants are scheduled to be closed. This study examines the impact of the closure of coal-fired power plants located in and around ports in terms of port of entry, port workers, cargo volume, and port industries. Design/Methodology/Approach - This study examines the current status of ports in terms of port entry, workers, and port volume based on the study of recent coal-fired power plants that are scheduled to be closed due to the government s energy conversion policy. Then, the impact of coal-fired power plant closure was estimated with regard to port volume and the employment of port workers. Findings - Ports which have a high proportion of bituminous coal including Taean port, Samcheonpo port, Hadong port, and Boryeong port are expected to see decreases in cargo volume up to 60%. As a result, a negative affect on ports specifically port workers, port loading/unloading business, and preliminary businesses is expected. To successfully respond to these changes, broadly-based countermeasures are required. Research Implications - This study examines the impact of coal-fired power plants on ports and provides policy suggestions for port authorities to change the perception of the current energy conversion policy. Port authorities need to establish a communication channel for proper conversion. In addition, the national and local governments must utilize sites created by the reclamation of public water surface to produce opportunities for proper conversion.

우리나라 해상물동량 추정

장봉규(Bong-Gyu Chiang),양항진(Hang-Jin Yang) 한국항만경제학회 2005 韓國港灣經濟學會誌 Vol.21 No.4

To acquire a port traffic, governments in North-East Asia have intensively invested port development. Furthermore, the major shipping company directly make a call at northern chinese ports like Qingdao, Dalian and Tianjin. Those changes of port environment will have a considerable effect on a port traffic in Korea. In order to prepare against those changes, it is necessary to estimate a port traffic in Korea.<br/> A port traffic in Korea is estimated by the use of explanation variables like GDP of Korea, real effective exchange rate, world economic performances and the trade in China, et al. When GDP in Korea goes up 1%, it is estimated that container port traffic of all ports and Pusan Port is upward 1.0~1.2% and 0.8~0.9% respectively. When the trade in China goes up 1%, it is estimated that Container transshipment is upward 1.6~1.7% approximately.