BGA 무연솔더(Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu)와 무전해 Ni-W-P 도금층 계면의 열 안정성에 대한 연구

신동희,조진기,강성군,Shin, Dong-Hee,Cho, Jin-Ki,Kang, Seung-Goon 한국마이크로전자및패키징학회 2010 마이크로전자 및 패키징학회지 Vol.17 No.1

본 연구에서는 무연 솔더 중 우수한 특성을 보여 실용화된 Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu 조성의 솔더를 사용하여 2주 동안의 시효조건에서 W의 함량이 무전해 Ni-W-P 도금층과 솔더와의 계면에서의 IMC 생성에 미치는 영향에 대해서 조사하였다. 도금층내 인의 함량은 8 wt.%로 고정하였고, 텅스텐의 함량은 각각 0, 3, 6 및 9 wt.%로 변화시켰으며, 모든 시료는 $255^{\circ}C$에서 리플로우한 후, $200^{\circ}C$에서 2주 동안 시효처리하였다. 각각의 시료에서 $(Cu,Ni)_6Sn_5$와 $(Ni,Cu)_3Sn_4$의 IMC가 관찰되었으며, 시효처리시간의 증가에 따라 UBM과 무연납의 계면에서 생성된 IMC가 증가함을 보였고, W의 함량이 높을수록 열적 안정성이 증가하여 $Ni(W)_3P$의 생성 속도를 늦춰 그에 따른 영향으로 IMC의 두께가 증가함을 보였다. In this study, we investigated the morphology and thermal stability of interfacial phases in joint between lead free solder(Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu) and electroless Ni-W-P under bump metallizations(UBM) with different tungsten contents as a function of thermal aging. Content of phosphorus of each deposits was fixed at 8 wt.%, and content of tungsten was variated each 0, 3, 6 and 9 wt.%. Specimens were prepared by reflowing at $255^{\circ}C$, aging range was $200^{\circ}C$ and up to 2 weeks. After reflow process, in the electroless Ni(W)-P/solder joint, the interfacial intermetallic compound(IMC) was showed both $(Cu,Ni)_6Sn_5$ and $(Ni,Cu)_3Sn_4$. UBM and generated IMC at the interface of lead free solder was proportionally increased with aging time. The thickness of IMC was increased because the generation rate of $Ni(W)_3P$ decreased with increasing contents of W.

지구과학과 환경 교육

신동희,Shin, Dong-Hee 한국지구과학회 2001 한국지구과학회지 Vol.22 No.2

오늘날 지구 환경 문제가 크게 부각됨에 따라 환경 교육의 중요성도 점차 강조되고 있다. 과학은 환경에 대한 교육, 환경 안에서의 교육, 환경을 위한 교육 등에 크게 기여할 수 있는 과목이다. 과학의 여러 분야 중에서 지구 과학은 연구의 대상이 지구에서 일어나는 자연적 또는 인위적 변화의 과정이라는 점에서 볼 때, 환경 교육적 차원에서 접근할 수 있는 내용이 상당히 많다. 따라서, 지구 과학 교육은 환경 교육에 큰 역할을 할 수 있음이 분명하다 이는 지구계 교육과 환경 교육의 목표가 거의 일치하고 있고, 지구에 대한 소양을 갖추기 위한 내용이 환경에 대한 소양을 갖추기 위한 내용에서 크게 벗어나지 않음에서도 알 수 있다. 그러나, 우리 나라의 지구 과학 교육 과정에서는 환경 교육적 차원의 관심이 적은 것으로 나타났다. 지구 환경을 전체적으로 고려한 지구 과학 교육이야말로 지구 과학 교육에 대한 새로운 관심을 집중시키는 방법이 될 뿐만 아니라, 인류의 당면 과제인 지구 환경 문제를 해결하고자 하는 환경교육에 적극적으로 참여하게 되는 길이기도 하다. Recently, with the increase of environmental problems, the importance of environmental education has also been emphasized. Science is a subject that enormously contributes to education about the environment, education in the environment, and education for the environment. Among various fields of science, earth science has a large amount of contents related environmental education, from the perspectives that the subjects of earth science are natural and artificial changes in the earth surface. Accordingly, it is clear that earth science education can play an important role in environmental education. This is proved in the fact that the goal and specifics of earth systems education coincidence with those of environmental education. Earth science curriculum in Korea, however, contains few contents related to environmental education. Earth science education that concerns our environment as a whole will help not only catch a new interest on the field of earth science but actively participate in solving our environmental problems.

국내 지구 과학 교육 연구의 동향과 나아갈 방향

신동희,Shin, Dong-Hee 한국지구과학회 2000 한국지구과학회지 Vol.21 No.4

${\ulcorner}$한국지구과학회지${\lrcorner}$가 발간된 지 20년이 지난 이 시점에 우리 나라 지구 과학 연구의 과거와 현재를 살펴보고 이를 근거로 나아갈 방향을 알아보기 위하여 ${\ulcorner}$한국지구과학회지${\lrcorner}$에 게재된 106편의 지구 과학 교육 연구 논문을 분석하였다. 양적 측면의 분석 결과, 지구 과학 교육 관련 연구가 최근 2년 동안 증가 추세에 있는 것으로 나타났다, 연구의 주제 측면에서 보면, 지구 과학 교육 내용에 관한 연구가 가장 많았으나, 우주 과학, 지질 과학, 대기 과학, 해양 과학 등의 ,세부 영역별 연구가 동일한 비중으로 이루어지지는 않았다. 연구의 대상 측면에서 보면, 교사보다는 학생 , 특히 고등 학생을 대상으로 하는 연구가 많았다. 연구의 방법 측면에서 보면, 교과서나 교육 과정을 분석하거나 검사 문항 등을 활용한 조사 연구가 가장 많았고, 문헌 연구는 거의 이루어지지 않았다. 연구의 내용 측면에서 보면, 교수/학습과 관련된 연구가 가장 많이 이루어진 반면 평가나 교사 양성에 관한 연구는 거의 이루어지지 않았다. To investigate the trend of earth science education researches published in ${\ulcorner}$The Journal of the Korean Earth Science Society${\lrcorner}$ during last 20 years, 106 articles were analyzed. The results show that the number of researches in earth science education has increased, especially in recent two years. From the perspective of areas. general earth sciences were studied more than other areas such as astronomy, geology, and meteorology. From the perspective of subjects, students, especially high-school students, were studied more than teachers. From the perspective of research methodology, survey including content analysis of textbooks or curriculum were most preferred. In contrast, literature study were never accomplished. From the perspective of contents, researches of leaching/learning were the most common. It is notable that few studies were about educational assessment or teacher training.

CH₄ 농도 변화가 저유전 SiOC(-H) 박막의 유전특성에 미치는 효과

신동희,김종훈,임대순,김찬배,Shin, Dong-Hee,Kim, Jong-Hoon,Lim, Dae-Soon,Kim, Chan-Bae 한국재료학회 2009 한국재료학회지 Vol.19 No.2

The development of low-k materials is essential for modern semiconductor processes to reduce the cross-talk, signal delay and capacitance between multiple layers. The effect of the $CH_4$ concentration on the formation of SiOC(-H) films and their dielectric characteristics were investigated. SiOC(-H) thin films were deposited on Si(100)/$SiO_2$/Ti/Pt substrates by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) with $SiH_4$, $CO_2$ and $CH_4$ gas mixtures. After the deposition, the SiOC(-H) thin films were annealed in an Ar atmosphere using rapid thermal annealing (RTA) for 30min. The electrical properties of the SiOC(-H) films were then measured using an impedance analyzer. The dielectric constant decreased as the $CH_4$ concentration of low-k SiOC(-H) thin film increased. The decrease in the dielectric constant was explained in terms of the decrease of the ionic polarization due to the increase of the relative carbon content. The spectrum via Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy showed a variety of bonding configurations, including Si-O-Si, H-Si-O, Si-$(CH_3)_2$, Si-$CH_3$ and $CH_x$ in the absorbance mode over the range from 650 to $4000\;cm^{-1}$. The results showed that dielectric properties with different $CH_4$ concentrations are closely related to the (Si-$CH_3$)/[(Si-$CH_3$)+(Si-O)] ratio.

리터러시와 국어교육 ; 과학교육의 변화: 과학적 소양(scientific literacy)의 추구

신동희 ( Dong Hee Shin ) 국어교육학회 2004 國語敎育學硏究 Vol.21 No.-

OECD 주관 학생 성취도 국제 비교 연구 ( PISA 2000 ) 지구 환경 과학 영역 성취도에서의 성 (性) 차이

신동희(Dong Hee Shin),박정(Chung Park),노국향(Koog Hyang Ro) 한국과학교육학회 2002 한국과학교육학회지 Vol.22 No.1

This study was based on the analysis of earth and environmental science items in PISA 2000 data. The purpose of this study was to identify i) gender differences in scientific literacy, ii) item characteristics that favored either female or male, and iii) misconceptions that 15-years-old Korean students have in the field of earth and environmental science. The results revealed significant gender differences. Overall, male students demonstrated higher level of achievement than female students. On the other hand, amongst high ability students, female students outperformed male students in open-constructed items. Female students tended to score higher on items that required long answers or items related to scientific processes. whereas male students outperformed female students in science knowledge or items that required data interpretation. The study also revealed that a majority of Korean students had misconceptions in fundamental earth and environmental science knowledge, such as the direction of earth`s axis and equator, and the causes of Greenhouse Effect.

우리 나라 학생들의 과학적 소양 성취도

신동희(Dong Hee Shin),노국향(Koog Hyang Ro) 한국과학교육학회 2002 한국과학교육학회지 Vol.22 No.1

OECD/PISA(Programme for International Student Assessment) is significant in that it is first international comparative study assessing 15-year-old students` scientific literacy. Based on Korean students` results of percent correct in 35 science items, several characteristics such as followings were revealed. First, from the perspectives of science application area, Korean students showed the highest achievement in the area of `science in technology` followed by in the areas of `science in life and health` and `sciences in earth and environment`. Male students achieved significantly better than female counterparts in all three areas. Second, the achievement in items of science knowledge was significantly higher than in items of scientific processes. Whereas the achievement difference between science knowledge- and scientific process items was larger for male students. Third, form the perspectives of application contexts, Korean students showed the highest achievement in the historical context and the lowest achievement in the personal context. Fourth, from the perspectives of item format, Korean students performed significantly better in open-constructed items rather than in multiple-choice items. Fifth, Korean students showed low performance in items of biotechnology and environment-related issue, which was more prominent for female students. Sixth, whereas male students performed significantly better than female students in most aspects, it is noteworthy that there was no significant gender differences in items of scientific processes and females performed significantly better than male students in open-constructed items which require long sentence.

미디어센터의 공간 분석을 통한 개선 방안

신동희(Shin, Dong-Hee) 한국실내디자인학회 2014 한국실내디자인학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2014 No.5

With the era of digital media comes, the paradigm of one way communication of transmitter-centered, which the existing mass media had been having, has been broken. Due to the development of digital technology, it is trend that the distribution rate of digital media devices like smart phone, smart pad and the subscription number of super high speed internet mushrooms. That means not only that people are not receivers who just obtain information but it became possible for people to have interactive communications: producing and responding to information simultaneously, consuming. However, various social problems which media has have come to the fore such as violence, internet addiction, malicious reply, copyright infringement. As such, the need of education about media is more raised. The media education including critical thinking, media literacy, production of media, education of humanism and et cetera would make us entitled as masters of media. Republic of Korea since 2000s has propelled establishment of media center for media education, extension of viewers’ interest, solution to information gap between each region and generation, support for independent movies. For now, establishment of media center has been under way regionally and the number of users is increasing, however, understanding of spaces, promotion with the importance of media center is still needed acutely. Therefore, this study aims at checking the status of space management through an analysis of the space in media center and being served as reference material in space planning of media center. This also has significance in both making improvement plan help denizen understand spaces and providing convenience, happiness.

국내 소비자들의 비트코인 사용 의도에 영향을 미치는 요인 연구

신동희(Dong-Hee Shin),김용문(Yong-Moon Kim) 한국콘텐츠학회 2016 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.16 No.1

최근 전 세계적으로 관심을 받고 있는 디지털 화폐인 비트코인에 대한 연구이다. 각 나라의 본원 통화와도 교환이 가능할 뿐 아니라 소액결재에 대한 편의성 등으로 인해 국내에서도 사용이 점차 증가하고 있다. 이러한 시점에서 비트코인에 관한 국내 소비자들의 이해정도와 수용성에 대해 살펴보았다. 그리고 비트코인에 관한 국내 소비자들의 사용의도에 영향을 미치는 요인에 대해 알아보기 위해 기술수용모형을 변형하여 적용하였다. 먼저 비트코인의 특징을 분석하였고, 비트코인의 사용 의도에 관련된 국내외 선행연구가 아직은 미약해서 기존 전자화폐에 대한 연구들을 통해 변인들을 추출하였다. 연구 결과는 첫째, 비트코인의 특성 변수인 ‘경제성’이 매개변수인 ‘인지된 유용성’을 통해 종속변수인 ‘사용 의도’에 영향을 미친다는 결과이다. 이는 비트코인을 사용할 때 소요되는 금전적․정신적 비용이 다른 화폐를 사용할 때보다 적을 것이라고 조사되었다. 둘째, 비트코인의 특성 변수인 ‘지불 편의성’이 매개변수인 ‘인지된 유용성’을 통해 종속변수인 ‘사용 의도’에 영향을 미친다는 결과이다. 이는 비트코인을 사용함으로 인해 거래 처리, 현금관리 시간 단축, 그리고 거스름돈 교환에 따른 불편함이 해소될 것이라고 측정되었다. 셋째, 비트코인의 인지된 위험변수인 ‘신뢰성’은 종속변수인 ‘사용 의도’에 직접적인 영향을 미친다는 결과이다. 이는 비트코인이 여러 컴퓨터의 분산 데이터베이스에 의해 처리됨으로 시스템 고장 등에 영향을 받지 않아 지불의 목적을 달성할 수 있기 때문이다. 넷째, 비트코인의 매개변수인 ‘인지된 유용성’이 종속변수인 ‘사용 의도’에 직접적인 영향을 미친다는 결과이다. 결국, 비트코인을 사용하고자 하는 소비자들은 비트코인이 가진 다양한 유용성으로 인해 매력을 느낄 것이라는 의미이다. 또한 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 국내 금융 기관, 전자화폐 관련 업체, 그리고 비트코인 사용자 모두에게 시사점을 제공할 수 있기를 기대한다. Study is about Bit Coin that is electronic cash that is received attention globally in recent. It is increasing domestically that uses bit coin for convenience of micro payment, and also bit coin is possible to exchange each countries’ currency. In this point, we searched understanding degree and acceptance of bit coin. Also we applied transformed TAM(Technology Acceptance Model) to search factors that have an effect on consumers’ intention to use it. In advance, we analyze features of bit coin, and extract factors through preceding researches for existing electronic cash, because studies for intention to use bit coin are weak in internal and external. First of results is that ‘economic efficiency’ which is a characteristic variable of bit coin influences ‘intention to use,’ a dependent variable through ‘perceived usefulness,’ a parameter. It was investigated that monetary and mental costs that was costed when we use bit coin were less than using other cash. Secondly, ‘payment convenience’ that is a characteristic variable affects ‘intention to use’, a dependent variable through ‘perceived usefulness,’ a parameter. It was measured that problems of inconvenience that include transaction process, cash management time shortage and exchange changes will be solved by using bit coin. Thirdly, ‘reliability’ that is a perceived risk variable of bit coin has a direct effect on ‘intention to use,’ a dependent variable. It was investigated that we could achieve purpose of payment because we weren’t influenced by breakdown on system by processing distributed database in some computers. Fourthly, ‘perceived usefulness,’ a parameter of bit coin directly affects ‘intention to use,’ a dependent variable. Then consumers who want to use bit coin are fascinated bit coin for various usability. Moreover, we want to provide implications to all of finance corporations, companies related electronic cash and bit coin users based on these results.

초등 과학 문제 풀이 과정에서의 성별 특성

신동희 ( Dong Hee Shin ),박병태 ( Byung Tai Park ) 한국초등과학교육학회 2009 초등과학교육 Vol.28 No.3