영어말하기시험의 과업별 구어문법 사용에 관한 연구

신동일(Shin, Dongil),강석주(Kang, Suk-Joo),박진아(Park, Gina) 팬코리아영어교육학회(구 영남영어교육학회) 2009 영어교육연구 Vol.21 No.1

The purpose of this study is to explore the use of spoken grammar features in oral proficiency testing. In this study, 14 college students performed 12 speaking test tasks, the features of which can be categorized into informal conversation, informal speech and formal talk. 138 speaking samples were collected and transcribed. This study explored in which categories spoken grammar features appeared in the performance of speaking test tasks. It was found that most of the features produced by participants belonged to Category B, especially marked as lexicogrammar; particles, vague expressions, and discourse markers. It is hoped that research on spoken grammar features will positively link to the related issues in oral proficiency test and material development.

말하기시험의 이야기구성과업 연구

신동일(Shin, Dongil) 한국응용언어학회 2006 응용 언어학 Vol.22 No.1

‘토플대란’에 관한 신문기사 분석

신동일(Shin, Dongil) 한국외국어교육학회 2012 Foreign languages education Vol.19 No.1

The purpose of this study is to analyze two newspapers’ (Chosun Ilbo and Donga Ilbo) articles on ‘TOEFL Crisis’ from the viewpoint of critical discourse analysis. All the related articles, most of which appeared in 2007, were collected over the Internet Newspaper archives. The discourse event of ‘TOEFL Crisis’ and its social practice were discussed from the dimensions of textual, discourse, and social practice (Fairclough, 2001, 2005). It was found that the crisis discourse was formulated in terms of market principles and social utilities. The discursive events were also connected to neoliberalism and neoconservatism, those of which were implicitly articulated to dichotomize the imported TOEFL with newly developed tests of English indigenous to Korea.

언어시험 개발과 사용의 철학적 고찰

신동일(Shin, Dongil) 한국응용언어학회 2011 응용 언어학 Vol.27 No.2

The purpose of this study is to understand philosophical views of language testing and explore critical issues and research topics surrounding test development and use. Two different perspectives (systematic and critical) are summarized to understand the recent approaches to test design and use. By approaching test design and validation as a system, some researchers (Fulcher & Davidson, 2007, for example) take a pragmatic stance by supporting the value of individualism and democracy in testing communities. On the contrary, critical language testers (Shohamy, 2001, for example) see tests as political tools within a context of power struggles and focus on test misuses. There has been tension between two approaches and the conflicting views to test design and uses may be dichotomously exacerbated in the coming years. It was noted, however, that each approach has its own strength for professionalizing test design and use as a theory, and each perspective should not function as a replacement for the current testing practices, but as an additional approach. It is suggested that the ‘clash’ of viewpoints will likely develop in a positive direction to lead to democratic communities of language testing.

영어교육 광고에 나타난 원어민과 내국인의 이미지 분석 연구

신동일(Shin, Dongil),김주연(Kim, Jooyun) 한국영미어문학회 2011 영미어문학 Vol.- No.100

The purpose of this study is to investigate how native speakers of English are positioned with Koreans on the printed images of English education advertisement. The analytic framework is based on the works of Coffman (1979) and Lee and Collins (2008). It is assumed that the printed images exposed in everyday situations affect how people think, feel, and behave with regard to the way the characters are portrayed. The research sample consisted of 236 advertising images about English education in Korea. Among them, the researchers focused on 23 images with at least one native speaker appearing. The results indicated that the printed advertisement on English education preferred white, male, native speakers as teacher's characteristics to non-native. Native speakers were often positioned as main, positive, and cheerful characters. This study implies the possibilities that the nativeness can be internalized and powered through the advertisement images in Korean society.

담화/담론연구의 이론적 토대 탐색 : 학제간/통합적 연구방법론으로 확장하며

신동일(Dongil Shin) 한국질적탐구학회 2020 질적탐구 Vol.6 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 학제간/통합적 ‘연구방법론’으로서 담화/담론연구의 이론적 토대를 탐색하고 구체적인 ‘연구방법’으로 갖는 확장가능성과 한계점을 (비판적) 응용언어학자의 시선과 관련 연구문헌으로 논의해보는 것이다. 지금까지 담화/담론연구는 언어와 사회, 텍스트와 콘텍스트, 이론과 현장, 사회적 현실과 담론의 매개, 미시적 언어 장치와 거시적 권력관계 등의 이항 중 한편에 갇혀 있었기에, 다양한 인문사회 학술 분야에서 서로 다른 이론적 토대를 탐색하면서 보다 다층적이면서도 통합적인 학제간 연구방법론으로 다시 타당화시킬 필요가 있다. 담화/담론연구의 이론적 토대를 점검하기 위해 본 연구는 형태/구조, 기능/사용, 사회적 실천에 관심을 둔 서로 다른 접근방식을 먼저 구분한다. 그런 다음에 담화/담론이 매개하는 네 가지 연구방법(비판적 담론연구, 비평적 텍스트분석, 사회적 구성 텍스트분석, 사회적 구성 담론연구)을 비판적-구성주의적, 콘텍스트-텍스트 지향성의 이항 축으로부터 조합하여, 국내 응용언어학/언어교육 연구사례와 함께 부연하도록 한다. 아울러 담화/담론연구의 확장가능성과 한계점을 간략하게 열거하고 관련 연구자들이 앞으로 감당해야 할 역량과 역할 역시 다뤄보기로 한다. This study is intended to investigate theoretical foundations of discourse analysis as an interdisciplinary research methodology in the eye of a (critical) applied linguistics. It focuses on the status as a research methodology, rather than just one of the methods to analyze qualitative data. The historically categorized foundations will be discussed on different approaches to discourse studies: formal, functional, social. The four major research perspectives, elaborated with empirical studies of mostly applied linguistics and language education in Korea, will then be divided into (1) critical discourse analysis, (2) critical linguistic analysis, (3) social linguistic analysis, (4) interpretive structuralism. The strengths as well as the limitations of discourse analysis (methodology) will also be discussed. This article will conclude with some suggestions for future directions of methodological development. It is expected that this study fills the gap between linguistics and social approaches to discourse analysis, by providing a systematic frame for embracing a strong social constructivist view of social world.

‘비판적’ 응용언어학 연구의 토대 탐색 : ‘실존의 미학’과 ‘비판적 존재론’으로부터

신동일(Shin, Dongil) 한국사회언어학회 2022 사회언어학 Vol.30 No.1

By reviewing different theoretical backgrounds behind knowledge, politics, and power of language in critical approaches to applied linguistics, this study introduces a newly constructed foundation for critical research, so called, Foucault’s ‘thoughts from outside.’ In order to understand Foucault’s experience of the outside, this study firstly explores the meanings of prohibition and transgression in literary texts, in which Foucault reflected the question of ‘limits.’ For example, research on Georges Batalille’s works provided an opportunity to consider the meaningfulness beyond the limitation of language. In the late works of governmentality and subjectification, Foucault also reinterpreted Kant’s concept of enlightenment and critique in the philosophy of actuality, defined as the ‘arts of existence’ or ‘critical ontology of ourselves.’ In this study, the critique as ethos is re-valued in an on-going inquiry and experimentation for the autonomous self-constitution of subject, which can be placed in the critical study of language, education, and society. Possible areas of research and L2 education (e.g., translingual practice, identity construction, narrative education) related to Foucault’s technological ways of living, as well as the limitations of this study, are also discussed.

영어시험에 관한 담론 정치의 역사성 분석

신동일(Dongil Shin) 한국응용언어학회 2018 응용 언어학 Vol.34 No.3

Drawing from the genealogy work of Foucault (2011), this study analyzed the historical flow of discourse politics on high-stakes English language tests developed and administered in Korea. All the related JoongAng Ilbo newspaper articles, which appeared between 1993 and 2016, were collected. Foucault’s governmentality was then taken into account to trace the rationale and mandate behind the different discursive events of test implementation, by focusing on the exercise of power through the governing of the state and the governing of individuals. It was found that neoliberalism and evaluative state served as an (English language) testing policy mechanism over the recent decades, which pushed to replace a test with another test continuously. The chronology study of highstakes English testing illustrated how the rationalization and legitimation of a particular political agenda of testing was inextricably related to process of knowledge (re)production and power struggles. It is expected that follow-up genealogy studies can demonstrate the close dependence of replacement-obsessed testing industry, marketmanagerial accountabilities, and the evaluative state.

영어로 말할 수 있는 기회와 권리 연구

신동일(Shin, Dongil),최희영(Choi, Heeyoung) 한국외국어교육학회 2013 Foreign languages education Vol.20 No.2

The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship of Korean ESA (Early Study Abroad) students to their social world from poststructuralist perspectives. Poststructuralist conception of identity and Bourdieu (1977)'s notion of legitimate speaker were used to explain the findings of the ESA learners from a Korean-American community. The research focused on four ESA students who spent some of their formative, K -12. years studying in the American schools. in order to investigate how their positioning in the social world facilitate or constrain their growing as good learners or legitimate speakers, by using multiple sources of qualitative data, such as students' group discussion, interviews, and participant observation. It was found that the way in which ESA students created and responded to their opportunities to speak English was mediated by their multiple and changing identities.

어린이 대상 영어인증평가도구의 문항특성 분석

신동일 ( Shin Dongil ),장소영 ( Jang So Young ),박진아 ( Park Gina ) 대한영어영문학회 2011 영어영문학연구 Vol.37 No.2

Currently, high-stake standardized language tests have been designed and administrated for the young learners of English at the elementary and secondary levels in Korea. The purpose of this study is to analyze the item characteristics of two tests which were intended to measure young learners’ English listening and reading ability. In order to identify the quality of test items, the three parameter Item Response Theory (IRT) was employed. Test takers were the young learners of English at the elementary and secondary levels, and they responded 60 items for each test. The quality of individual items was calculated with respect to the item difficulty level, discrimination power, and guessing parameter. The item parameters of sub-parts of tests were compared respectively on the basis of statistical indices. The findings suggest that the means of the difficulty, discrimination, and guessing parameters in two tests were quite similar. This study, however, identified the problematic aspects of item characteristics to be considered for enhancing the quality control of parallel test forms. (Chung-Ang University)