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송용성 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.2
This study is concerning what made current Kumdo's figure and history which is able to be possible through the survey about Kumdo's inflow and development from Korea to Japan and from Japan to Korea. This paper will also help the increasing Kumdo players have clear understanding and its spirit. The contents can be put in order in brief like the following. First, in the inflow from Korea to Japan. Osawa giro one of prestige coaches of Kumdo has written the book. 'Kumdo's History in Japan', in which he said WangIn baksa had ever delivered the sword method and shield method to Japan. In the Era of Junggo, Dankong in Bakjae has gone over to Japan and then established 'Department of Hadan', which developed the technique of Kumdo. Some documents also has proven the fact that Kumdo was delivered from Korea to Japan. And the Koryo dynasty. Handanzi who has gone over to Japan, made the sword for Kumdo and 27 b.c. the prince of Sinra. Choeniljang has gone over to Japan with a jade stick and small sword. Second, the modern Kumdo came from Japan after the opening of port and at that time. it was called 'Kyeokgum' as an official name. In 1896 the police department has chosen Kumdo as a training subject for the security, which was the beginning of Kumdo in Korea. In 1904, Yoensung school, the organization for an official's retraining made the department of Kumdo from which it started spreading out gradually. Namely in Korea the Kumdo has begun as a subject for soldiers and policemen. But it was led by Japanese. After the independence of Korea the grade-holders in Seoul changed the name into Daehan Kumsa Association and on November. 1953 into Daehan Kumdo Association. At the same time, they reorganized the groups and joined Korean Amateur Sports Association<KASA>. Third, this research would like to pursue the development and stability of modern Kumdo as an event of sport. We should absorb and be adapted old things that are suitable for Korean emotion and body. First of all, we have to solve the trouble among the groups, including the dispute between 'Headong Kumdo' Therefore, it needs to interchange, understand and work together for the prosperity of Kumdo. Also, I think, Kumdo events such as Sirum. Tae-kwondo. Judo, Boxing. Wrestling, should be added to the curriculum of a junior high school and a high school because it will help the students train the body and their mind and foster sociality.
맨손무예의 변천사를 통한 태권도의 미래발전에 관한 연구
김응식,송용성 한국스포츠리서치 2003 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.14 No.6
"Taekwondo" was originated from "Soo Bakh", a sport widely prevalent in the period of the Three States. It was called Taekkyon in the Chosun Dynasty, then only after the independence of the nation it has named as "Taekwondo." And after the modern, this traditional martial art has divided into Taekwondo and Taekkyon but this separation brought about some historical errors. Now, they are very crucial cultural assets that conveys the historical traces of our ancestors This research is so written as to provide some light to the direction for future development. The conclusion is followings: First, in philosophy, Taekwondo has been influenced by a diversity of religions and they are "Idea Han"(harmony and union), "Hongikingan"(Humanism), Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. Thus, these stand on the basis of nature accommodation Second, in the principle, it's the nature accommodation which is achieving spiritual enlightenment by special breathing and motion training. Taekkyon has a intangible principle, while Taekwondo has tangible. Third, in the history and characteristic, Both has similar history but a little differences. Taekkyon is martial arts and kind of light dancing, which has unique characters. On the other hand, Taekwondo has functions of both martial arts and sports ,which is linear and shapely. It's almost the national sport. Fourth, in a match, they usually use feet rather than hands. However Taekkyon use the method of knocking someone down without a protection belt, while Taekwondo use the way of kicking quickly with a protection belt. Finally I think Taekwondo should be developed in the programs : showing an excellent example, curing diseases of adult people etc at the same time. Now, I think Taekwondo of acquiring arts in Korea should change into what everybody can feel, see, and be touched. After all this will make Korea culture spread widely and help the national image and tourism marketing advance.