기장연구로 신연료 운반용기 설계승인을 위한 화재시험평가

방경식(Kyoung-sik Bang),양윤영(Yun-young Yang),정길언(Gil-eon Jeong) 한국화재소방학회 2022 한국화재소방학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2022 No.춘계

기장연구로의 가동을 위해 필요한 핵분열성물질인 신연료를 원자력연구원에서 기장연구로까지 안전하게 운반하기 위한 신연료 운반용기는 over-pack, canister 및 내부 구조물로 구성되어 있다. 국내⋅외 운반용기 관련법규에 따르면 신연료 운반용기는 IP-2(F)형 운반용기로 분류된다. IP-2(F)형 운반용기는 운반사고조건인 800 ℃ 이상의 화염 속에서 30분 이상 견딜 수 있는 능력을 갖추어야 한다. 따라서, 신연료 운반용기가 800℃ 화재조건에서 건전성을 유지하는지 여부를 평가하기 위해 인허가 기관의 입회하에 화재시험을 수행하였다. 화재시험에 사용된 시험모델은 기장연구로 신연료 운반용기와 동일한 원형모델로서 화재시험에 앞서 정상운반조건인 1.2 m 낙하시험, 운반사고조건인 9 m 낙하시험 및 1 m 파열시험을 수행한 시험모델이다. 화재시험에서 시험모델의 온도를 측정하기 위해 over-pack 외부표면의 상부⋅중앙부⋅하부에 각 3개씩 9개, over-pack뚜껑에 2개를 부착하였으며, canister 내부표면의 상부⋅중앙부⋅하부에 각 3개씩 9개의 열전대를 부착하였다. 화재시험을 수행한 30분 동안의 평균 화염온도는 816 °C로 측정되었다. 화재시험에서 over-pack 외부표면의 최고온도는 화재시험을 시작한 시점에서 약 23분 경과한 후 809 °C로 측정되었으며, 뚜껑에서의 최고온도는 약 27분이 경과한 후 887 °C로 측정되었다. Canister 내부표면의 최고온도는 약 6시간이 경과한 후 135° 방향의 하부에서 330 °C로 측정되었으며, 45°방향에서 최고온도는 상부에서 257 °C로 측정되었고, 225° 방향에서 최고온도는 하부에서 257 °C로 측정되었다. 화재시험에서 측정된 canister 내부표면의 최고온도인 330 °C는 구조재인 스테인리스강의 구조 강도가 변화하지 않는 단기 노출 시의 허용온도인 538 °C보다 낮은 온도이다. 운반사고조건에서 기장연구로 신연료의 허용온도는 570 °C 이다. Canister 내부의 basket에 적재되는 신연료의 온도는 canister 내부표면에서 측정된 최고온도인 330 °C보다 낮을 것이다. 따라서, 800 °C 이상의 화염 속에서 30분 이상 동안 노출시키는 화재조건에서 운반용기 및 신연료의 열 적 건전성은 유지되는 것으로 판단된다.

불동산평가(不動産評價) 적산법(積算法)의 기초가격(基礎價格) 산정(算定) 일고찰(一考察)

방경식 ( Kyung Sik Bang ) 한국감정평가학회 2009 감정평가학논집 Vol.8 No.1

During the past 40years, real estate appraisal business has greatly increased in terms of market size and human resources. Compared to this trend, however, it is considered that the theory and practices of appraisal as well as appraiser`s expertise have not advanced. Such imbalance has brought the conflict between government and appraisers. This article analyzes a specific appraisal example of the cost approach which is in conflict. Many articles and books have discussed the cost approach that estimates reproduction cost new of the land and buildings. However, it is rare to find the report which analyzes the conflict between the government and the appraisals in terms of applying the estimate value to specific appraisals. In this sense, this article discusses the reproduction cost new in cost approach of the land and buildings. Consequently, the following ideas have been suggested ; Firstly, an estimate of entrepreneurial incentive or developer`s profit needs to be included in reproduction cost new. Secondly, the cost approach can be used effectively as a tool of the appraisal of special-purpose buildings. In addition, several ways of improvements in the field of appraisal are suggested as follows; Firstly, the both academic and business field need to make an effort for developing appraisal theories. Secondly, it is necessary for business field to develop an appraisal standard as well as to apply it to the appraisal regulations. Thirdly, appraisers should regard their professional ethics as the most significant responsibility for their works. Fourthly, appraisers are responsible for the duty of ``True und Glauben`` in their business. Fifthly, appraisers need to explain the procedure and reasons for estimating a value in their appraisal reports. Sixth, appraisers should learn a new theories and improve their specialties. Lastly, the government should be careful in punishing the appraisers.

논문 : 감정평가 업계의 환경변화와 대응방안

방경식 ( Kyung Sik Bang ),장희순 ( Hee Son Jang ) 한국감정평가학회 2004 감정평가학논집 Vol.3 No.-

부동산평가업계의 공정경쟁 룰 확립

방경식 ( Kyung Sik Bang ),홍길성 ( Gil Soung Hong ) 한국감정평가학회 2006 감정평가학논집 Vol.5 No.1

Recently, real estate appraisers have increased on a large scale. According to this environment, the number of unfair competition examples has been greatly increasing. Such as this unfair competition makes to lose reputation from his clients and the public. How can appraiser recover his credit on this circumstances? This paper discusses appraiser under unfair competition to overcome some of the problem they are faced with. This paper suggested some alternatives as followings ; First, Korea Association of Property Appraisal(KAPA) has to publicize the safety of a appraisal market to appraisers, in order to alleviate competition psychology. Second, an appraisal company has to become larger for it will reduce to unfair competition. Third, an appraisal company has to take the performance-based pay system for accounting clearness. Fourth, the government has to strengthen appraisal market management and an appraiser has to protect appraisal ethics autonomously as an expert, for appraiser who acts rationally with the sense of balance.

부동산(不動産) 평가방식(評價方式) 적용(適用)의 재고(再考)

방경식 ( Kyung Sik Bang ) 한국감정평가학회 2008 감정평가학논집 Vol.7 No.2

Korean economy has highly developed since 1960’s. During the period of development the steady increase of demand and price for land allows appraisers to use the sales comparison method. Recently, the sales comparison method is used being recognized as an effective method. However, the diversification of appraisal demand and a valuation method has been required based on the environmental change ininstitutes, finance, economy and society. Therefore, appraisers have to develop and master a new valuation method as specialists, and must deal with their clients. However, it seems that they are not able to adapt to the new circumstances. What their clients want the most is the value which is resonable and objective. Therefore, appraisers’ final goal is to estimate the value with the purpose of its being reasonable and objective. However, there is a criticism that an indicated value by the sales comparison method is not reasonable and not proper these days. Therefore, the reason why the value has been decided must be explained in objective ways as an evaluation result. In terms of objectiveness, it is considered that evaluation reports cannot be persuasive without describing all the process in detail, and that it is necessary to include reporting of using appropriate methods. Moreover, appraisers have to report in various ways of estimating as well as in objective ways of explanations, and that it is necessary to reconciliation of indicated values. Considering these point of views, the hypothetical development method, regression model, appraisal method of land ecological security, long-term trend method and CVM was introduced as the application methods.

부동산가격공시법의 적정가격 성격과 그 함의

방경식 ( Kyung Sik Bang ) 한국감정평가학회 2005 감정평가학논집 Vol.4 No.-

We, now are throw into confusion of real estate valuation law``s term. This was draw a sharp line between market value and ‘just value’ characterizing for the ‘Public Notice to Values and Appraisal of Lands, etc. Act’(PNVA). PNVA``s just value doesn``t correspond with the theoretical conditions of market value, and it is quite much different from the fair market value in many cases. Accordingly, the just value on the regulations is not same as the market value, having different characteristics. Just value is statutory value by the PNVA, which is absolutely different from market value that is determined by the transactions among the market participants. It should be the value that is accepted by the community residents in the neighborhood area. Only after that, distribution of real estate can become fair and community goodness can be realized. It is desirable to clearly stipulate the just value and the market value, considering different characteristics of both, which means that PNVA``s just value should be regarded as a creative term of pricing for our community.

논 문 : 감정평가(鑑定評價) 규칙(規則)의 재고(再考)

방경식 ( Kyung Sik Bang ) 한국감정평가학회 2010 감정평가학논집 Vol.9 No.1

30 years have passed since the standards of property appraisal practice(SPAP) enacted new, as an conduct rules. However, despite of government`s revised several times, it was criticized for function failure by appraisers and researcher for a long time. Because it does not revised properly changed in the environment. So, faith of appraisal has been evaluated lowly and an appraiser has not properly controlled by government. The purpose of this paper is to suggest some ideas about the revise of SPAP. The direction of SPAP`s revision was proposed as follows ; First, all articles of SPAP must be revised to suit the times and the environment. Second, the status of SPAP and appraisal manual should be establish by adjustment for the function of SPAP and appraisal manual. Furthermore, to revise the SPAP assumes that several alternatives were suggested as follows; Fist, itshould be clarify the value concept. Market value should be the standard, and should be include non-market values. Second, a variety of approach methods should be defined. DCF method, residual method and land datum value method should be include in addition to three approach ; cost approach, sales comparison approach and income approach. Third, appraisal purposes of variety should be include. For example, the liquidation value appraisal, tax value appraisal, and insurance value appraisal should be include. Because, these appraisal differs from the market value appraisal. Forth, real estate, personal property, tangible assets, securities, right of chose in action, conditional rights, assets of settlement of mortgage etc : all the property should be include. Fifth, principle of highest and best use suggested that it is useful to describe the results of appraisal. Sixth, contents of ethics should be strengthened. For, Appraisal results depends on the appraiser`s conduct rules. Seventh, appraisal reports should be able to improve the quality. Because, appraisal report on the clients`s faith is low. To maintain the highest level of conduct rules, rethinking of the new SPAP should be needed. The SPAP whether the amendment is entirely accountable for the government.

등유 및 항공유를 사용한 격실 화재시험

방경식(Bang, Kyoung-Sik),이주찬(Lee, Ju-Chan),서중석(Seo, Chung-Seok),서기석(Seo, Ki-Seog),김형진(Kim, Hyung-Jin) 한국화재소방학회 2012 한국화재소방학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2012 No.춘계

차량의 충돌에 따른 등유의 누출에 의한 화재와 항공기 충돌에 따른 항공유의 누출에 의한 화재 발생 시 격실의 개구부 크기에 따른 화염온도를 평가하기 위해 화원으로 등유와 Jet-A-1을 사용하고 개구부의 크기를 조절해 가며 격실화재시험을 수행하였으며, 가장 높게 측정된 시험결과의 조건으로 과도화재시험을 수행하여 금속저장용기가 화염온도에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 시험결과 등유보다 Jet-A-1의 열 방출속도 및 질량 연소유속이 크게 나타났으며, Jet-A-1에서의 화염온도가 높게 측정되었다. 연료 소모율은 개구부의 크기가 클 경우 작은 경우보다 크게 나타났으며, 개구부의 크기가 클 경우 화염온도가 높게 측정되었다. 격실 내에 금속저장용기가 저장되었을 때는 저장용기가 화염으로부터 받는 열량만큼 화염의 온도는 낮아지는 것으로 나타났다.

논문 : 주택 개발사업의 민간사업자 시설부담 개선방안

방경식 ( Kyung Sik Bang ) 한국감정평가학회 2003 감정평가학논집 Vol.2 No.-

한 부모 가족 주거복지 정책에 대한 공무원의 행정행태

방경식 ( Kyung Sik Bang ),임병연 ( Byeong Yeon Iem ) 한국감정평가학회 2007 감정평가학논집 Vol.6 No.2

Divorce rates have been increasing with the social and economic transformations and the number of single parent families has also been increasing. These single parent families have found that raising their children and overcoming economic difficulties at the same time to be hard, and therefore, in many cases, they are economic minorities. Since housing policies for single parent families are a part of social welfare programs, the research focused on that government officials execute these housing policies properly. This has been analyzed by the degree of administrative behavior. The hypothesis of the research was that government officials would deal with the policies lethargically in terms of self-limiting behavior rather than in a diligent fashion. The result of the questionnaire was analyzed by statistical methods ; for data processing, along with a test for reliability in the measuring tools and correlation analysis, chi-square test, crosstabulation analysis and regression analysis ; analyses were all tested at the p<.05 significance level. The research found that government officials have been dealing with the policies in a passive way, which complies with the hypothesis. It has shown that government officials dealing with these kinds of tasks have been continuous in being both inert and passive. Government officials evaluated the effect of the policies for single parent families as ‘not bad’ and rated the importance as also ‘not bad’. They, however, indicated that they might need the knowledge or training for implementing the tasks. The recipients of the policies are ignorant of the policies themselves. The recipients thought that the housing supply for rental to buy and the government fund for housing are not enough. The recipients have shown that the job creation for the single parent families is not satisfied, but is not so bad.