국립공원 내 공중화장실에 대한 탐방객 인식에 관한 연구 : 지리산국립공원을 중심으로

이호(Ho Lee),이승록(Seung-Rok Lee),박기현(Ki-Hyun Park),박은희(Eun-Hee Park),차진열(Jin-Yeol Cha),심규원(Kyu-Won Sim),강동원(Dong-Won Gang) 국립공원연구원 2011 국립공원연구지 Vol.2 No.1

본 연구는 공원 내 공중화장실에 대한 탐방객의 인식이 만족도에 미치는 영향을 규명하고자 수행하였다. 현지 설문조사는 지리산국립공원의 성삼재와 중산리 일원을 방문한 탐방객 292명을 대상으로 이루어졌다. 분석결과, 공중화장실의 관리상태, 외관, 디자인 요인 모두 탐방객의 공중화장실 이용 만족에 영향을 주는 것으로 분석되었으며, 그 중 관리상태가 가장 큰 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 탐방객의 인식과 만족을 향상시키기 위해서는 공중화장실의 청결한 관리 및 유지, 악취 방지, 소모품의 원활한 공급 등에 우선순위를 두어 집중적으로 관리할 필요가 있는 것으로 나타났다. This study conducts to investigate the relationship between visitors’ perception and satisfaction. Data of 292 visitors were collected from Seongsamjae and Jungsanri in Jirisan National Park. The results showed that maintenance, outlook and design of public toilet are positively related to visitors’ satisfaction. One of the major research findings is that the maintenance of public toilet most affects visitors’ satisfaction. Therefore, the park managers need to put great emphasis on the cleanliness and maintenance, preventing stinks, consumable supplies of public toilet in order to enhance visitors’ perception and satisfaction.

복합레진의 표면조도에 관한 연구

박기현,Park, Ki-Hyun 대한치과보철학회 2000 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.38 No.1

This study was designed to compare the effect of polishing on surface roughness of composite resin. We used Z100(3M) composite resin and placed the composite resin in the hole (4mm thick and 4mm in diameter) of vinyl plate and polymerized it under manufacturer's instructions. Samples were divided into 5 groups by polishing methods. Group 1 was control: resin was polymerized under glass plate, Group 2: resin was polymerized without any polishing procedure, Group 3: resin was polymerized with a polishing procedure of abrasive disc, Group 4: bonding agent was applyed in thin layer and polymerized on the polished polymerized resin surface. Group 5: resin was polymerized under transparent celluloid strip. The surface roughness of each specimen was measured with Sufacoder SEF-30D (Kosaka lab. Ltd) under 0.08mm cut off, 0.05mm/s stylus speed, ${\times}40$ horizontal magnification, ${\times}5000$ vertical magnification. The results were as follows : 1. Group 1 showed the most smooth surface in this study. 2. Group 3 showed more rough surface than Group 2. Considering the surface roughness, it would be better to make the shape completely before polymerize the resin. To finish and polish after the polymerization of resin makes less smooth surface. 3. When we use the transparent celluloid strip, minimum finishing procedures are recommended. Any polishing procedure could not recover the smooth resin surface of celluloid strip. 4. Application and polymerization of the thin layer of bonding agent on the polished surface showed the minimum surface smoothing effect.

실리콘 연마에서 패드 버핑 공정이 연마특성에 미치는 영향

박기현,정해도,박재홍,마사하루키노시타,Park, Ki-Hyun,Jeong, Hae-Do,Park, Jae-Hong,Kinoshita, Masaharu 한국전기전자재료학회 2007 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.20 No.4

This paper investigated the effect of the pad buffing process on the material removal characteristics and pad stabilization during silicon chemical mechanical polishing. The pads surface were controlled by the buffing process using a buffer made by the sandpaper. The buffing process is based on abrasive machining by using a high speed sandpaper. The controlled pad by the buffing process show less deformation deviation and stable material removal rate during the CMP process. In addition, the controlled pad ensure better uniformity of removal rate than comparative pads. As a result of monitoring, the controlled pad by the buffing process demonstrated constant and stable friction force signals from initial polishing stage. Therefore, the tufting process could control the pad surface to be uniform and improve the performance of the polishing pad.

A Decrease in the Circulating Levels of Immunoreactive Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein-1 (IGFBP-1) after Endometrial Ablation

박기현,송지홍,박원일,이병석,조동제,송찬호,Park, K.H.,Song, J.H.,Park, W.I.,Lee, B.S.,Cho, D.J.,Song, C.H. The Korean Society for Reproductive Medicine 1994 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.21 No.3

자궁내막이 생체내 insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1(IGFBP-1)의 혈중치를 유지하는데 얼마나 관여하는지를 평가해 보았다. Immunoreactive IGFBP-1의 혈중치의 측정을 위하여, 월경과다를 주소로 내원한 19명의 환자를 대상으로, gynecologic resectoscopy로 자궁내막 박리를 시행하였다. 자궁내막 박리를 시행한 환자의 혈중 IGFBP-1의 평균치는, 시행전과 비교할 때 감소된 소견을 보였으며, 월경주기와는 상관관계가 없었다. 이러한 소견으로 보아, 자궁내막이 혈중 IGFBP-1의 생성원의 하나로 사료되었다.

자궁근종시 LHRH agonist (D-Trp6-LHRH) 치료에 따른 근종세포내 미세구조의 변화

박기현,신명철,이보연,이병석,송찬호,Park, K.H.,Shin, M.C.,Lee, B.Y.,Lee, B.S.,Song, C.H. 대한생식의학회 1991 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.18 No.2

Long-term administration of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone(LHRH) agonists, through a process of pituitary desensitization and down-regulation of receptors, inhibits the secretion of gonadotropin and sex-steroids and induces a reversible suppression of gonadal activity. This approach can be used as an effective endocrine therapy for some hormone-dependent tumors. We have used D-Trp6-LHRH, a long acting LHRH agonist, for the treatment of eleven patients with uterine leiomyomas, thereafter myomectomy was performed in seven cases and observed the ultrastructural changes of leiomyoma with an electron microscope. The use of LHRH agonist may be effective in reducing the size of a myoma considerably by primarily inducing medical hypophysectomy and would allow easier surgical removal. Electron microscopic findings of myoma cells after the use of LHRH agonist included the following: loss of cristae and swelling nuclear chromatin, perinuclear vacuolation in cytoplasm. Bone mineral density was slightly decreased, however, the difference was not statistically significant.

발암의 생화학적 표지로서 폴리아민에 관한 연구 (I) -다핵 방향족 탄화수소와 니트로 화합물이 흰쥐의 폴리아민 수준에 미치는 영향-

박기현,김정락,Park, Ki-Hyun,Khim, Jung-Rock 생화학분자생물학회 1982 한국생화학회지 Vol.15 No.3

흰쥐(Sprague-Dawley, ♀, 130~150 g)에 PAH계열 화합물 중 3-methylcholanthrene(MC, 100mg)과 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene(DMBA, 20 mg)을 각각 1회 경구투여 하고 nitroso 화합물 중 diethylnitrosamine(DEN, 30mg)과 diethanolnitrosamine (DELN, 30mg)을 흰쥐 (Sprague-Dawley, ♂, 130~150g)에 각각 1회 복강주사한 후 발암성과 관련하여 50일 동안 흰쥐 간의 polyamine (spermidine, spermine) 농도 변화를 경시적으로 관찰하였다. 그 결과 화합물 투여 후 5일에 spermidine의 농도는 유의성있는 증가 현상을 보였으며 15일에 이르러 대조군에 비하여 약 2배로 최고 수준을 나타냈다. 그리고 15일 이후 20일 사이에 급격히 감소한 후 20일 이후에 다시 증가하여 약 1.7배 수준을 유지하였다. 그러나 DMBA 투여에 의한 spermidine의 농도 변화는 위의 결과와는 다소 달리 10일에 최고 수준을 보안 후 완만한 감소 경향을 나타냈다. 한편 spermine 농도는 50일 동안의 관찰 기간 중 별다른 변화를 보이지 않았다. Changes in polyamine content in the liver of rat were investigated after a single oral dose with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (3-methylcholanthrene, 100mg; 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene, 20mg) and a single i.p. injection with nitrosamines (diethylnitrosamine, 30mg; diethanolnitrosamine, 30mg), respectively. Spermiddlne concentrations showed considerable increase on day 5 after chemical administration and elevated to a level about 2 times higher than that of controls on day 15. Spermidines of these maximal levels on day 15 were markedly decreased later, but slightly increased again after 20 days and appeared to remain 1.7 fold as compared controls until 50 days. In the case of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene- treated rat, spermidine concentration was a maximal level on day 10 and decreased progressively later. Spermine concentrations were not exhibited a characteristic changes during the period studied.

Dimethylnitrosamine 이 흰쥐의 내분비에 미치는 영향

박기현,선우 양일 ( Ki Hyun Park,Yang Il Sunwoo ) 생화학분자생물학회 1981 BMB Reports Vol.14 No.1

1. When dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) was injected to Wistar female rat before the ovulation, the sercetion of progesterone and estradiol-17β was substantially suppressed. However, the different levels of these hormone secretion according to the DMN concentration was not significant, 2. In the case of the pregnant rats, DMN inhibited the secretion of estradiol-17β at the stage of ovulation and early implantation, In contrast with the above facts, the .secretion of this hormone was enhanced during the progressive implantation, 3. A similar behavior with the one of estradiol-17β was also observed in the secretion of progesterone for the case of the pregnant rats treated with DMN.

7 , 12 - Dimethylbenz ( a ) anthracene 과 3 - Methylcholanthrene 에 의한 젖산탈수소효소 수준 및 동위효소 농도 변화에 관한 연구

박기현,김정렬,김정락 ( Ki Hyun Park,Chung Ryul Kim,Jung Rock Khim ) 생화학분자생물학회 1982 BMB Reports Vol.15 No.2

Changes in levels of serum total lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) and patterns of its isozyme were studied after a single intraperitoneal injection with polyaromatic hydrocarbons (3-methylcholanthrene, 3-MC, 100 ㎎ and 7,12-dimethylbenz (a) anthracene, DMBA, 20 ㎎) in Sprague-Dawley rats (female, 140-150 g). Serum LDH level of rat on day 5 after chemicals administration was markedly elevated when compared with the control value. Levels of LDH were produced a maximal value about 2 to 3 fold of control on day 15 in both 3-MC and DMBA treatment. There resulted in increase of the heart type subunit(LDH1) of isozyme patterns, which was accompanied by a relative decrease in percent of the muscle type subunit(LDH5). In the case of DMBA treatment, percent of LDH1 after 10 day decreased progressively during the period studied when compared with initial value. Level of rat serum total LDH was characterized by a sharp decrease on day 15 later in both DMBA and 3-MC administration and exhibited close value to control serum on day 20 or day 30. Although there was an increase or decrease in serum LDH level through the period observed, LDHS showed lower percent than in control LDH level over 20 day or 30 day after chemicals treatment increased considerably and was about 2 to 4 fold above controls. Results of this investigation may, therefore, be that both the LDH level and pattern of isozyme exhibited characteristic changes in rat serum served as an useful basis for prognosis in cancer at various stages of development.

발암의 생화학적 표지로서 폴리아민에 관한 연구 ( 1 ) - 다핵 방향족 탄화수소와 니트로 화합물이 흰쥐의 폴리아민 수준에 미치는 영향

박기현,김정락 ( Ki Hyun Park,Jung Rock Khim ) 생화학분자생물학회 1982 BMB Reports Vol.15 No.3

Changes in polyamine content in the liver of rat were investigated after a single oral dose with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (3-methylcholanthrene, 100 ㎎; 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene, 20 ㎎) and a single i.p. injection with nitrosamines (diethylnitrosamine, 30 ㎎; diethanolnitrosamine, 30 ㎎), respectively. Spermiddlne concentrations showed considerable increase on day 5 after chemical administration and elevated to a level about 2 times higher than that of controls on day 15. Spermidines of these maximal levels on day 15 were markedly decreased later, but slightly increased again after 20 days and appeared to remain 1.7 fold as compared controls until 50 days. In the case of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene- treated rat, spermidine concentration was a maximal level on day 10 and decreased progressively later. Spermine concentrations were not exhibited a characteristic changes during the period studied.

유도물질에 의한 휜쥐조직의 Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylase 수준비교와 간장에서 Cytochrome P - 450s 의 동위효소 유도

박기현,김정렬 ( Ki Hyun Park,Chung Ryul Kim ) 생화학분자생물학회 1984 BMB Reports Vol.17 No.1

The induction levels of microsomal aryl hydrocarbon hydrosylase (AHHase, EC 1.14.14.1) in tissues of Sprague-Dawley rats (male, 160-180g) were investigated after i.p. administration with 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC), phenobarbital (Pb), catechol and ethyl alcohol, or these mixtures. 3-MC, 3MC+ethyl alcohol or Pb treatment significantly induced AHHase level in all the groups tested, whereas AHHase activities by treatment of ethyl alcohol or catechol had not reached that of 3-MC or Pb in liver. When rats were treated with mixture of 3-MC and catechol, kidney was the tissue most sensitive to induction of AHHase in all cases. Pb-induced P-450 content was greatly higher than that of 3-MC, but apparent AHHase induction was observed in the livers of rats treated 3-MC as compared to that of the corresponding Pb. There was because the patterns of induction of AHHase activities by Pb or 3-MC were not only very different, but induction levels of P-450 isozymes (P-450-a, P-450-b, P-450-c, P-450-d) from liver were also different. The Pb-monoclonal antibody inhibited about 30~ of the AHHase activities of Pb-induced liver microsome at a concentration of 200~g ascites fluid protein per reaction mixture (㎖) . The liver microsome from 3-MCtreated rats also were inhibited about 70% of the AHHase activity by 3-MC-monoclonal antibody. These results demonstrate that the high induction of 30% of P-450-b and 70% of P-450-c in total P-450s of rat liver microsomes by Pb or 3-MC treatment, respectively.