체능검사종목(體能檢査種目)의 운동적성(運動適性)과 기준(基準)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)

金性洙(SungSooKim) 한국체육학회 1969 한국체육학회지 Vol.3 No.-

1. Purpose of StudyThe purpose of this study is to exmine whether the present entries of physical fitness tests in high school entrance examinations are suitable to propose partial changes in the entries and test sites, and set a new, objective, and reasonable standard for rating in future application.2. Contents and ScopeA survey was conducted on the facility, management, physical exercise volume and form, problems in testing. and standard for rating grades in the entries of physical fitness tests of the past - running (the 100m dash in case of boys and the 60m dash for girls), broad jump, throwing, chin up(boys), and push-up(girls) - to determine whether the entries are suitable for physical fitness tests. As a result, the following entries were selected as alternatives which can be adopted for indoor tests; namly running (60m), broad jump, throwing(using both hands) chin-up(boys) and pull-up conducted in a standing posture obliquely, using an iron bar(new line of test instead of push-up for girls). On these entries, actual measurement was taken and she results of the survey Processed statistically to set standard for rating testees’ physical ability.The original target of this study was entries of physical fitness tests in middle school entrance examinations. because of the abolition of middle school entrance examinations, the study was conducted on those entries for high school entrance examinations.3. Results of Study1) To conduct all physical fitness tests in entrance examinations, which were conducted outdoers in the past, indoors.Reason:A. Indoor teat will not be affected by any weather conditions.B. It makes it possible to ensure fairness in the test since it is conducted with the use of identical facilities and under identical conditions.C. It is simple and easy to operate facilities and management.D. It solves the problems of protection against cold by testees and examiner during the cold spell, when entrance examinations would be usally conducted.E. It enables testees to demonstrate their full ability in light clothes indoors.2) Alternation and modification of present entries of physical fitness tests.A. Outdoor running tests (100m, for boys and 60m. for girls) shall be conducted indoors on a 60m. shuttle course. (The optimum running capacity of applicants for high school entrance examination has been demonstrated on a 60m. course (See Tables 3-3 and 3-4) The test will be conducted on a shuttle run and the starting and finishing lines may be identical.B. Broad jumpNo change shall be introduced into this entry. There are in need of measuring equipments capable of immediately detecting violation of jump line and it shall be installed indoors.C. Ball throwingThe conventional ball throwing test in which one arm is used shall be changed to one using an equipment(See fig, 3-1) in which both arms are employed. The weight of the equipment shall be 4㎏. for boys and 3㎏. for girls.D. Chin-up (for boys)This test entry shall be continued in the conventional manner. In conducting the test, a measuring equipment should be installed so that the height of the iron bar may be adjusted proportionate to the height of the testee; the principle shall be observed that the distance between the sole of the testee and ground should not exceed 10cm. when the testee thins himself up (See Section B of Paragraph 4).E. Push-up (for gils)In view of the difficulties of determining the quanity and shape, and of accuracy in the performance of testees undergoing this test, this entry shall be replaced with a new form of pull-up in which the testee holds an iron bar with her two hands and with her heels on supporting bar pull herself toward the iron bar. A measuring device shall be installed and adjusted the height of the iron bar at 10cm. below the breasts of the testee.3) Application of standard index for rating in physical fitness testThe past stand rating index for physical fitness test was not formulated as a result of actual measurement of physical ability of testees. It fails in classifying fair grades equally in the difference of individual physical ability. The rating of test results from application of the past index leads to unfairness and unreasonable marks.As a result of this study, a new standard index for rating was formulated for the new entries of physical fitness tests by means of statistical processing. (See Tables 5-1).4) Recommendations Concerning Utilization of Results of StudyThe foregoing entries of physical fitness tests proposed as alternative plans should be adopted as new entries beginning with physical fitness tests from 1970. The tests should be conducted indoors, with the utilization of identical facilities and under identical conditions. To ensure fairness in measuring, those measuring equipment proposed, should be manufactured and supplied by than.This new project should be extensively carried out througout the contry, by age. The standard rating index should be formulated on the basis of basis of the measured values of such a nation-wide project, to set the scale of the national physical standards and present a proper direction for improvement of the standards.

자연과학편 : 스포츠 상해로 인한 근 · 골격계 손상에 대한 모빌리신(Mobilisin) 효능에 관한 임상연구

김성수(SungSooKim),윤진환(JinHwanYoon),신말순(MalSoonShin),백용주(YongJooBaek) 한국체육학회 1994 한국체육학회지 Vol.33 No.3

Mucopolysaccharide polysulfuric ester is definitely absorbed through the skin, and clearly inhibits lysosomal enzymes, so that pain and inflammation are dimimished, simultaneous increase of local blood and lymph flow increases the absorption of exudates and of inflammatory products of metabolism from the tissues. Salicylic acid stabilizes the lysosomal membrane and provents liberation of lysosomal enzyme. Flufenamic acid inhibits the biosynthesis of prostagladins and reduction in the release of lysosomal proteases.The study was based on the application of Mobilism(non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug) to 65 patients(athletes=37, general accident=28) with acute musculoskeletal injuries resulting from sports injuries or general accidents. A length of 5-10 ㎝(Mobilism) shoud be applied and gently massaged in to the skin several times daily. results of treatment were assessed taking into account the degree of pain(pain on motion, pain on pressure, spontaneous pain, joint swelling) to achieve improvement. findings of the study were as follows:1. The average disappearance of symptoms after percutaneous application of mucopolysaccharide (Mobilisin) was as follows: pain on motion in 14 days, pain on pressure in 14 days, spontaneous pain in 7 days, swelling in 7 days.2. The efficacy, which was evaluated as excellent or good, was 81.5% by the all subjects.3. The efficacy, which was evaluated as excellent or good, was 88% by the results of the ratio comparative satisfaction to other products.4. Joint angle was significantly increased in the distortion group after pre, 2·4 weeks and maintained through out the entire experimental period. There were significant differences between period(pre-28days).5. No general side effects reactions were noted.

운동역학 : 전 후방 십자인대 손상 흰쥐의 등속성 회전력에 관한 연구

김성수(SungSooKim),지용석(YongSukJee),김명화(MyungHwaKim),선상규(SangKuySun),한종우(JongWooHan) 한국체육학회 1999 한국체육학회지 Vol.38 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 ACL·PCL손상군 16명을 대상으로 60°/sec(근력)에서 최대회전력, 체중당 최대회전력과 최대발현각도를 180°/sec에서는 총일량과 체중당 총일량을 산출하였으며, 두 각속도에서 각각 근결함비와 근력비를 측정하여 분석하였다.1. 60°/sec에서 ACL손상군의 우측(환측)과 좌측(환측)의 신근 및 굴근의 최대회전력, 체중당 최대회전력은 유의한(p<.01) 차이가 있었으나, 최대발현 각도는 유의한(p<.05) 차이가 없었다. 또한 180°/sec에서 우측(환측) 신근의 총일량과 체중당 총일량도 유의한(p<.01) 차이가 있었고, 굴근에서는 유의한(p<.05) 차이가 없었다.2. 60°/sec에서 PCL손상군의 우측(환측)과 좌측(환측)의 신근 및 굴근의 최대회전력, 체중당 최대회전력은 각각 유의한(p<.05, p<.01) 차이가 있었으나, 최대발현 각도는 유의한(P<.05) 차이가 없었다. 또한 180°/sec에서 우측(환측) 신근 및 굴근의 총일량과 체중당 총일량은 유의한(p<.01) 차이를 나타내었다.3. 60°/sec에서 ACL손상군과 PCL손상군의 신근 및 굴근의 최대회전력은 유의한(p<.05) 차이가 없었으나, 체중당 최대회전력은 유의한(p<.01) 차이를 나타내었다. 그러나 두 집단에서 최대발현 각도는 유의한(p<.05) 차이를 나타내지 않았다.4. 180°/sec에서 ACL손상군과 PCL손상군의 신근 및 굴근의 총일량은 유의한(p<.05) 차이가 없었으나, 체중당 총일량은 유의한(p<.01) 차이를 나타내었다. 그러나 두 집단에서 최대발현 각도는 유의한(p<.05) 차이를 나타내지 않았다.5. 60°/sec에서 ACL손상군과 PCL손상군의 좌우측 다리의 신근 및 굴근의 최대회전력의 근결함비는 각각 유의한(p<.05, p<.01) 차이가 있었고, 180°/sec에서 두 집단의 신근의 총일량도 유의한(p<.01) 차이를 나타내었으나, 굴근의 총일량은 유의한(p<.05) 차이를 나타내지 않았다.6. 60°/sec에서 ACL손상군과 PCL손상군의 우측(환측)다리의 신근 및 굴근의 최대회전력의 근력비는 각각 유의한(p<.05) 차이가 없었고, 좌측(건측) 다리의 신근 및 굴근의 최대회전력의 근력비도 유의한(p<.05) 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 또한 180°/sec에서도 두 집단의 우측(환측) 다리의 총일량의 근력비는 유의한(p<.05) 차이를 나타내지 않았으며, 좌측(건측) 다리의 총일량도 유의한(p<.05) 차이를 나타내지 않았다.결론적으로 무릎의 슬관절은 복합관절로 근력이나 순발력을 발휘할 때는 구조적 손상의 차이로 인해 기능적 능력에 차이가 생기기 때문에 재활치료 프로그램을 구성할 때는 ACL손상과 PCL손상에 따라 다소 차이를 두는 것이 바람직하다. The purpose of this study was not only to investigate the peak torque, percentage of peak torque to body weight and angle of peak torque in 60°/sec(muscular strength) but also to the total work and percentage of total work to body weight in 180°/sec(muscular power) and then to DR(deficit ratio), HQR(hamstring/ quadricep ratio) in both angular velocity. Sixteen patients of anterior cruciate ligament injury and posterior cruciate ligament injury were tested by isokinetic machine, Cybex 770.1. In 60°/see the peak torque and percentage of peak torque to body weight of extensor and flexor in both right(ACL injury part) and left(normal part) legs of ACL group were significantly(p<.01) different, but angle of peak torque of this group was not significantly(p<.05) different. In 180°/sec the total work and percentage of total work to body weight of extensor in a right(ACL injury part) leg were significantly(p<.01) different, but the those of flexor in a right leg were not significantly(p<.05) different.2. In 60°/sec the peak torque and percentage of peak torque to body weight of extensor and flexor in both right(PCL injury part) and left(normal part) legs of PCL group were significantly(p<.05, p<.01) different, but angle of peak torque of this group was not significantly(p<.05) different. In 180°/sec the total work and percentage of total work to body weight of extensor and flexor in a right(PCL injury part) leg were significantly(p<.05) different.3. In 60°/sec the comparison result of the peak torque of extensor and flexor in ACL group and PCL group was not significantly(p<.05) different, but the percentage of peak torque to body weight in both groups was significantly(p<.01) different. And the angle of peak torque of these groups was not significantly(p<.05) different. 4. In 180°/sec the comparison result of the total work of extensor and flexor in ACL group and PCL group was not significantly(p<.05) different, but the percentage of total work to body weight in both groups was significantly(p<.01) different. And the angle of peak torque of these groups was not significantly(p<.05) different.5. In 60°/sec the comparison result of the peak torque deficit ratios(DR) of extensor and flexor of left and right legs in ACL group and PCL group were significantly(p<.05, p<.01) different. In 180°/sec the comparison result of the total work deficit ratios of extensor in ACL group and PCL group was significantly(p<.01) different, but the those of flexor in both groups were not significantly(p<.01) different.6. In 60°/sec the comparison result of the hamstring/ quadricep ratios(HQR) of extensor and flexor of a right(injury part) leg in ACL group and PCL group was not significantly(p<.05) different. The hamstring/ quadricep ratios(HQR) of extensor and flexor of left(normal part) legs in ACL group and PCL group was not significantly(p<.05) different. In 180。/sec the comparison result of the hamstring/ quadricep ratios(HQR) of extensor and flexor of a right(injury part) leg in ACL group and PCL group was not significantly(p<.05) different. The hamstring/ quadricep ratios(HQR) of extensor and flexor of a left(normal part) leg in ACL group and PCL group was not significantly(p<.05) different.As a conclusion, the knee joint has a complex and a lot of joint. When One performed strength and power, these abilities were different due to functional ability by a structural injury. So As we will compose the knee rehabilitation care program, we must think the differentiation of ACL and PCL injury.

운동생리학 : 운동강도에 따른 탈진 운동이 혈중 5-HT 와 도파민의 농도에 미치는 영향

김성수(SungSooKim),송분도(BunDoSong),라성민(SeongMinRa),신말순(MalSoonShin),이명화(MyongHwaLee),윤범철(BumChulYoon) 한국체육학회 2001 한국체육학회지 Vol.40 No.3

본 연구는 운동강도에 따른 중추피로의 양상을 비교하기 위해 피로를 유발하는 탈진운동을 고강도와 중강도로 구분하여 5-HT와 도파민 농도 변화를 비교하고, 탈진운동 후 회복기에서의 5-HT와 도파민의 변화 양상을 살펴보고자 하였다. 체중 250∼300g인 sprague-Dawley계 수컷 흰쥐 70마리를 사용하여 1주간의 적응 훈련을 실시한 후 무선 할당하여 운동군 60마리로 분류하였다. 운동군은 운동강도에 따라 고강도 운동군과 중강도 운동군으로 나누고 각각 운동 직후군, 회복기 10분군, 회복기 60분군에 10마리씩 할당하였다. 고강도의 탈진운동은 40m/min, 20% grade의 강도로 탈진 시까지 주행시키고, 중강도의 운동은 25m/min, 0% grade의 강도로 주행시킴으로써 피로를 유발하게 하였다. 흰쥐를 대상으로 중강도와 고강도 탈진운동을 실시한 후, 각 운동강도별로 탈진 운동전과 운동직후, 회복기 10분, 회복기 60분의 시간 경과에 따른 유리지방산과 5-HT 및 도파민의 변화 양상을 알아본 결과는 다음과 같다.1. 중강도 탈진운동 집단에서 유리 지방산의 평균이 운동직후 감소하였고, 회복기 10분, 60분에 급격한 증가를 보였다. 고강도 탈진운동 집단에서는 유리 지방산의 평균이 시간경과에 따라 유리 지방산 농도가 지속적으로 증가하였다. 운동 전, 운동직후, 회복기 10분, 회복기 60분의 시간별 차이도 유의하였으며(p=0.001), 운동 시간별 차이의 사후검정 결과 회복기 60분과 운동직후간 유의한 차이가 있었다.2. 혈장 5-HT는 중강도 탈진운동 집단이 고강도 탈진운동 집단에 비해서 유의한 증가를 보였고, 두 집단 모두 운동 시간과 휴식 시간의 시점에 따라 유의한 증가를 보였다. 중강도 탈진운동 집단에서 5-HT가 시점에 따라 농도가 서서히 증가하다가 탈진시보다 회복기 10분에서 더 증가되었으며 회복기 60분에서 급격히 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 고강도 탈진운동 집단에서는 통계적으로 유의하지는 않지만 시점에 따라 5-HT농도가 지속적으로 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 3. 도파민은 중강도 탈진운동 집단에서 중추 피로가 유발됨에 따라 도파민의 농도가 유의하게 탈진 시점에서 급격히 증가하였다가 회복기 10분부터 급격히 감소하였다. 고강도 탈진 운동 집단에서는 탈진 시점에서 감소하였다가 회복기 10분부터 급격한 증가를 보였고 이후 감소하였다.도파민의 농도 변화에서는 강도에 따른 유의한 차이는 없었으나 시점에 따라 유의한 차이를 보였다(p=0.05). 사후 검정 결과 회복기 10분과 회복기 60분간 유의한 차이가 있었다. 이상과 같은 결론을 종합하면 유리지방산의 증가는 스트레스 호르몬 분비와 관계되는 유리지방산의 생성을 유발시키는 역할에 기인하며, 유의한 변화가 나타난 도파민의 결과로 미루어 보아 고강도 탈진운동 집단은 단시간 운동에 의한 스트레스의 강도가 적으므로 회복이 빠르고 중강도 탈진 운동집단은 장시간의 스트레스 노출에 의해 회복이 느린 경향이 나타났다. The purpose of this study was carried to investigate the effects of exhaustive exercise with different on blood free fatty acid, 5-HT and dopamine. The experiments were performed in Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 250-300g. Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into two groups: the mild intensity exhaustive exercise group(MIE: n=30), high intensity exhaustive exercise group(HIE: n=30). Animals participating in the exercise protocols were acclimated to treadmill running(20m/min, 15-20 min/day at a 0% grade for 1 week). MIE groups were exercised at 20m/min, 0% grade(50% VO₂max) to physical exhaustion. HIE groups were exercised at 40m/min, 20% grade(80% VO₂max) to physical exhaustion.The results through the statistical analysis of free fatty acid, 5-HT, dopamine in rats were as follow:1. Free fatty acid levels were reduced at post-exercise, but increased at the time of recovery 10mins, 60mins in the mild intensity exhaustive exercise. In the high intensity exhaustive exercise groups were increased according to time. There was significant difference between 10mins after recovery and exhaustion. There was significant difference between groups. 2. Plasma 5-HT levels were significantly higher in the mild intensity exercise groups compared with those in the high intensity exercise groups. 5-HT levels were significant difference between two groups. The mild intensity exercise groups were higher 10mins after recovery than exhaustion and decreased at the time of 60mins recovery. 3. Dopamine levels were elevated at the post-exercise and reduced at the 10mins after recovery in the mild intensity exhausted exercise groups. The high intensity exercise groups were reduced at the exhaustion time and elevated at the time of 10mins recovery. 5-HT levels were no significant difference between two groups, but time of period was significant. There was significant difference between 10mins after recovery and 60mins after recovery.

운동생리학 : 운동처방을 위한 전문 시스템 개발

김성수(SungSooKim),이강우(KangWooLee),배종진(JongJinBae) 한국체육학회 2004 한국체육학회지 Vol.43 No.6

To give exercise-prescription-expert any client`s informations more specific, this development of computer software for exercise program based on Prescription object pascal language(delphi 7.0 version in borland company) followed as: 1. Before taking part in exercise, this program classified as person with any well-being matter. 2. It was possible that this program checked in a client` life style, and evaluated. 3. This program gave objective fitness or body composition to clients. 4. This program was able to practice Graded Exercise Test(GXT) in various ways. 5. This program was to evalute muscle-fitness. 6. It was possible that this program was able to observe the change of fitness and physique in lasting. 7. It was possible that this program was able to draw up the body fat and muscle-fitness related in exercise prescription in both object and subject. 8. Program suggestions was given. 9. To save and search for source, this program was possible for all informations of clients to do the data-base. Above all, this software gave exercise-prescription-expert a specific, actual example, and was able to help a reasonal exercise prescription in all social physical site. Therefore, it would improve the special knowledge of physiatrist and other exercise professionals.

스포츠생리학 : DHEA 투여가 1회적 탈진 운동 후 항산화 효소 , glutathione 및 MDA 변화에 미치는 영향

김성수(SungSooKim),신말순(MalSoonShin),최성근(SungKeunChoi) 한국체육학회 1999 한국체육학회지 Vol.38 No.2

본 연구는 DHEA투여가 1회적 탈진 운동 후 항산화 효소, glutathione 및 MDA변화에 미치는 영향을 관찰함으로써 운동시 호르몬제재의 복용이 항산화에 미치는 영향을 규명하는데 연구의 목적을 두었다. 본 연구의 대상은 체중 250∼350g되는 Sprague-Dawley 계열 흰쥐를 사용하였다. 실험용 쥐는 2주간의 적응 훈련을 실시하여 2주간의 적응기를 거친 후에 적응 여부를 판단하여 무작위 표본 추출에 의해서 DHEA 투여집단(N=10)과 비 투여집단(N=10)으로 나누어 선정하였다. DHEA는 흰쥐 각각 체중으로 칭량(0.5g/100g. body wt)한 후, 운동부하 직전에 DHEA(0.6%)를 증류수 5㎖에 각각 용해시켜 경구존데를 이용하여 위장내 직접 투여하였다. 비투여군은 증류수 5㎖를 투여하였으며, 투여시기 및 방법은 두 집단에 동일하게 하였다.실험용 흰쥐 집단은 2주간의 적응 훈련(1주: 10m/min, 8% 경사도, 10분; 2주: 20m/min, 8% 경사도, 20분, 5days/wks)을 실시하여 적응기를 거친 후 DHEA 투여집단(N=10)과 비 투여집단(N=10)에 동일하게 탈진운동(트레드밀 훈련: 20m/min, 0% 경사도)을 탈진시까지 실시하였다. 모든 동물은 각 훈련을 실시한 후 마취제 ether를 이용하여 마취시켰으며, 사지를 고정시켜 복부를 절개하여 복부 대동맥에서 5㎖의 동맥혈을 채혈하였다. 5㎖의 동맥혈은 SOD(plasma), CAT(serum), GSH (eryurocite), LPO(lipid peroxide: MDA)검사에 사용되었다. 검사에 사용된 reagent는 R & D사 표준 시약을 사용하여 SOD, GSH, LPO는 흡광도법을 이용하였고 CAT는 비색법을 이용하였다. DHEA투여가 1회적 탈진 운동 후 항산화 효소, glutathione 및 MDA변화에 미치는 영향을 관찰함으로써 운동시 호르몬제재의 복용이 항산화에 미치는 영향을 규명한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. SOD 활성도 변화는 DHEA투여군이 비투여군에 비해 유의하게 높게 나타났다(p<.001). CAT 활성도 변화는 DHEA투여군이 비투여군에 비해 유의하게 높게 나타났다(p<.001). Glutathione 농도의 변화는 DHEA투여군이 비투여군에 비해 높게 나타났으나 유의하지는 않았다. MDA 농도의 변화는 DHEA투여군이 비투여군에 비해 유의하게 높게 나타났다(p<.05). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of acute exhaustive exercise on antioxidant enzymes, glutathione and MDA(malondiadehyde).All rats were divided randomly with two groups, control group(N=10), DHEA group(N=10). DHEA group was given a supplement(0.5g/100g. body wt.) containing a mixture of distilled water(5㎖). and control group was given a supplement 5㎖ distilled water. They performed treadmill exercise at fixed load(20m/min, 0% grade) until they were exhausted. The collected blood were analyzed for the superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase(CAT), glutathione, malondialdehyde(MDA).The result through the statistical analysis of this data were summarized as follows;1. SOD activities were higher than those in DHEA groups after maximal exercise. There were significant differences between two groups.2. CAT activities were higher than those in DHEA groups after maximal exercise. There were significant differences between two group.3. glutathione concentrations were higher than those in DHEA groups after maximal exercise. But there were not significant differences between two groups.4. malondialdehyde concentrations were higher than those in DHEA groups after maximal exercise. There were significant differences between two groups.

인문 · 사회과학편 : KINESICS 분석에 의한 유도 경기직전 임장행위와 승패 간의 관계 연구

김성수(SungSooKim) 한국체육학회 1993 한국체육학회지 Vol.32 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate the type of competitive gesture and the effect of nonverbal behavior immediatily before Judo match on the state of win or loss using kinesics analysis through maked observation of video film. Subjects for study were college and adults Judo male players who participated in ‘92 national sports festival, all match cases for kinesics analysis were 74 events.The following conclusion were made :1) Nonverbal behavior on the state of win were mainly spontaneous gestures, but on the state of loss were mainly the gross movement.2) On the state of win, gesture were mainly action to seize competitor by the arms, beside on the state of loss were almost unnecessary motion which throw up or open one’s arms.3) On the state of win, nonverbal behavior were mainly cautiously gesture, but on the state of loss were passive or threat motions.Above results suggested that kinesics analysis can be applied on the expectation of win or loss and detected psychological condition of competitor in sport competition.So, the kinesics analysis can be used on the other sport events(penalty kick, free throw in basketball, archery shooting, tennis servise etc.).

자연과학편 : 운동선수의 인체분절 모수치와 그 추정식

박우규(WooKyuPark),김성수(SungSooKim) 한국체육학회 1994 한국체육학회지 Vol.33 No.3

This study was conducted to develop an image processing system to obtain the biomechanical parameters of the human body and its segments using a mathematical model, to determine the segmental and the whole body length, radius, volume, mass center, and moments of inertia with respect to the three principal axes of rotation passing through the center of mass of Korean male athletes, and to establish a reliable means for estimating these parameters from easily measured anthropometric demensions.The model is based on the assumptions that the human body is composed of 16 rigid bodies subdivided into a finite number of elliptical discs and that the segment densities are known. The subjects chosen for this study were 50 male university athletes of 18-22 years of age. Two 35㎜ cameras enabled simultaneous photographs of the body to be made. The optical axes of the cameras were horizontally aligned to provide anterior and lateral views of the body. The photo graphic records were analyzed by reading the image using the scanner, defining the contours and required points of the segments using the mouse, and computing the various segmental and whole body parameters.The model of the human body described in this study was an advancement over previous mathematical models in that a representation of the segments by elliptical disc 5 ㎜ wide followed the shape fluctuation of the body more closely. The image processing system was advantageous in that subject-researcher interaction time and inconvenience to the subject was minial. The accuracy of the method was evaluated by comparing the estimates of total body mass with the mass as measured on weigh scale.The results for the 50 subjects showed an error of 2.09%. The location of the center of mass expressed as percentage of body height from the sole of the feet was found to be at 54.67% in men, The principal moments I_xx and I_yy are approximately of the same magnitude for the upper arm, lower arm, thigh and calf with the principal moment I_zz being approximately 25.4, 25.0, 27.5, and 2% of the I_yy values. The volume, mass, and three principal moments of inertia of the human body and its segments can be predicted from one or more anthropometric dimensions with acceptable levels of accuracy, and the predictive equations established in this study can provide accurate estimates of them for individuals as well as for populations.

운동생리학 : 운동경험과 장애유무가 상지운동시 심혈관 반응에 미치는 영향

이동희(DongHeeLee),김성수(SungSooKim),신말순(MalSoonShin),이창영(ChangYongLee),이철원(CheolWonLee),윤진환(JinHwanYoon),변재종(JaeJongByun) 한국체육학회 2003 한국체육학회지 Vol.42 No.3

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of exercise and spinal cord injury on the cardiovascular responses and cardiac functions. Cardiovascular parameters were measured during graded maximal exercise test with arm ergometer. Cardiac functions were measured during rest with two-dimensional echocardiography on left-side lying body position.HRpeak, oxygen uptake, ventilation, oxygen pulse, LVIDd, IVSd, SV, EF, LV mass were examined in spinal cord injured wheelchair basketball athletes(PA, N=10), spinal cord injured sedentary group(PS, N=10), able-bodied wheelchair basketball athletes(AA, N=10), able-bodied sedentary group(AS, N=10).All data were expressed in means and standard deviation. We tested two-way ANOVA between exercise and spinal cord injury.The results of this study are following:1. Sedentary lifestyle of spinal cord injury was negative effects on cariovascular factors(HRpeak, oxygen uptake, ventilation, oxygen pulse), and cardiac factors(LVIDd, IVSd, SV, EF, LV mass).2. Regular exercise was positive effects on cariovascular factors(HRpeak, oxygen uptake, ventilation, oxygen pulse), and cardiac factors(LVIDd, IVSd, SV, EF, LV mass).In conclusion spinal cord injury and sedentary lifestyle lead to reduction of cardiovascular, cardiac function, physical fitness, physical work capacity. The concomitant increase of cardiovascular risk factors leads to a higher incidence of diseases of the cardiovascular system.On the other hand, regular physical activity leads to overcome of disability and vigorous lifestyle. Physical activity, up to and including high-performance sport, plays and important role for spinal cord injured during the course of rehabilitation. The various demands of sports, strength, speed, endurance, flexibility, and coordination as well as the level of lesion or severity of injury need to be considered when choosing a form of physical activity in rehabilitation. Especially, wheelchair basketball imposes a positive physical stress on cardiovascular system and encouraged to rehabilitation or lifetime sports.

운동생리학 : 다양한 강도의 저항운동이 testosterone, growth hormone, IGF-1, cortisol 반응에 미치는 영향

유재현(JaeHyunYoo),김성수(SungSooKim),김명기(MyungKiKim),윤성진(SungJinYoon),김은경(EunKyungKim),이은경(EunKyungLee),최희남(HeeNamChoi),윤진환(JinHwanYoon),지용석(YongSukJee) 한국체육학회 2004 한국체육학회지 Vol.43 No.3

Resistance exercise has been one of the major potent stimulus to the neuromuscular system Based on the specific program design resistance training has been reported to enhance shingle power, or local muscular endurance. However, the scientific basis of the exercise intensity has not been enough to manifest about several hormone(e.g. anabolic, catabolic or appetite hormone). So the purpose of this study was to define that the responses of anabolic, catabolic and appetite hormone after resistance exercise of high level intensity(HI), moderate level intensity(MI), and low level intensity(Ll).The subjects for this study were 9 men (Age=25.4±3.56yts; height=175.6±4.46㎝; weight=71.6±8.97kg) who didn’t have history of cardiopulmonary diseases and medical problem.They performed the circuit resistance training using HI(10reps at 80% of one-repetition maximum(1R14, bran rest), MI(13reps at 6O% of 1RM, Min rest), and LI(20reps; at 4O% of 1RM, 1min not) protocols with 3 sets. Approximately, total exercise volume was 39,000J on all of the exercise protocols. Hormonal concentration was measured at three different tints: pm, past and Naivety thirty minutes of the exercise.For the data, all of the measurements -tire represented by mean and standard deviation using SP% statistical package(version 10.0). The statistics techniques for data analysis were two-way repeated ANOVA to determine the differences between each intensity and each time. One-way ANOVA was used to the specific analysis of exercise intensity. The 5% level of significance was used as the critical level for acceptance of hypotheses of the study.