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강창희,최영현,Sung-Yong Park,김기영 한국식품영양과학회 2012 Journal of medicinal food Vol.15 No.1
The methanol extract of Codium fragile (MECF) has been reported to possess bioactive properties such as antidegranulation in eosinophils, as well as anti-edema, antibacterial, and antiviral activities. However, little is known about the molecular effects of MECF on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation. Therefore, we investigated whether MECF affects the expression of inflammatory mediators in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of MECF, the cells were pretreated with MECF for 1 hour and then cultured with LPS for 24 hours. Our results indicate that MECF significantly attenuated secretion of LPS-induced inflammatory mediators nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a in RAW 264.7 cells. Additionally, LPS-induced mRNA and protein expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, and TNF-a was decreased by pretreatment with MECF. These data indicate that MECF attenuates the expression of these inflammatory mediators at the transcriptional level. Therefore, we also investigated the effects of MECF on nuclear factor-jB (NF-jB) activity, which may be an important transcriptional factor for regulating the expression of iNOS, COX-2, and TNF-a mRNA. Our results showed that MECF reduced LPS-induced NF-jB activity via the suppression of nuclear translocation of the p50 and p65 NF-jB subunits and degradation of inhibitor of jB. In conclusion, we propose that MECF treatment down-regulates the expression and secretion of LPS-induced inflammatory mediators by inhibiting NF-jB activity.
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1999-2000년 제주시 지역 강수의 유기산 함량 분석
강창희,김원형 濟州大學校 基礎科學硏究所 2001 基礎科學硏究 Vol.14 No.1
The precipitation samples at Cheju city were collected during the period of January in 1999 to December in 2000, and the organic acids as well as the major soluble ions were analyzed. The confidence of analytical data was confirmed by using the comparison methods such as ion-balance, electric conductivity and acid fraction, all of whose correlation coefficients were over 0.97. The ionic strengths lower than 10^(-4)M, the basis for the pure rainwater, were 46% and 30% in 1999 and 2000 respectively. The acidity contribution was mostly by SO₄^(2-) and NO₃^(-) with 90% in 1999 and 93% in 2000, and the organic acids have contributed to the acidity with only 4%. The neutralization factors by NH₃were about 0.48 and 0.34 in 1999 and 2000, whereas those by CaC0₃ were 0.22 and 0.26 respectively. The sources of the precipitation components in Cheju city were also studied with a factor analyzing method. The most probable factors were found to be anthropogenic and soil-sourced, and the second influencing factor was to be oceanic.
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강창희,김원형,홍상범,이기호,홍민선,심상규 濟州大學校 基礎科學硏究所 2000 基礎科學硏究 Vol.13 No.1
The rainwater samples were collected from the 1100 Site of hlt. Halla and Cheju city during the period of March in 1997 to August in 1998. and the major soluble ions were analyzed. The confidence of analytical data was confirmed by using the comparison methods such as ion-balance, electric conductivity and acid fraction. all of which correlation coefficients were above 0.94. The ionic strengths lower than 10^(-4)M, the basis for the pure rainwater, were found in 47% and 38% at 1100 Site and Cheju city, respectively. The precipitations in Cheju city were more influenced by the oceanic effect than those in 1100 Site. The acidity contribution was mainly by SO_(4)^(2-) and NO_(3)^(-) in both areas. and the organic acids have contributed to the acidity with only 5-7%. The neutralization factors by NH_(3) were about 46% at both 1100 site and Cheju city, whereas those by CaCO_(3) were 11% and 15% at 1100 site and Cheju city respectively, and the free acidity were both about 35% in average. From the MSA analysis. it was found that the air in Cheju island has been influenced by the pollution from the other areas. The sources of the rainwater components in 1100 Site and Cheju city were also studied with a factor analyzing way and the most probable factors were found to be anthropogenic, oceanic, and soil-sourced. The results of multiple regression analysis have shown that SO_(4)^(??) was dissolved mostly in the form of H_(2)SO_(4), CaSO_(4) and (NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4). and NO_(3)^(-) was in the form of HNO_(3), Ca(NO_(3))_(2) and NH_(4)NO_(3).
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'학교교육 수준 및 실태 분석 연구: 중학교' 자료를 이용한 사교육비 지출의 성적 향상효과 분석
강창희,Kang, Changhui 한국개발연구원 2012 韓國 開發 硏究 Vol.34 No.2
본 논문은 한국교육개발원의 '학교교육 수준 및 실태 분석 연구: 중학교' 자료를 이용하여 중학교 3학년 학생에 대한 사교육비 지출이 어느 정도의 성적 향상효과가 있는지를 추정한다. 사교육비의 내생성을 통제하기 위해 본 논문은 도구변수법과 비모수 구간추정법(nonparametric bounds analysis)을 사용한다. 분석 결과, 두 방법에서 공통적으로 사교육비 지출의 증가가 유의미한 정도의 성적 향상으로 연결된다는 확실한 증거가 발견되지 않는다. 도구변수법의 결과에 의하면, 10% 높은 사교육비 지출은 국어, 영어, 수학 성적을 각각 약 1.24%, 1.28%, 0.75% 향상시킨다. 구간추정법에서는 국어, 영어, 수학 과목에서 모두 10% 증가된 사교육비 지출의 효과가 0보다 크다는 증거를 찾기 어렵다. 본 논문의 실증 결과는 내생성을 통제한 여타의 연구들과 비슷한 결과를 보여준다. This paper examines the effect of private tutoring expenditures on academic performance of middle school students in South Korea, using data from "Analysis of the Level of School Education and Its Actual condition: Middle School". In the face of endogeneity of private tutoring expenditures, the paper employs an instrumental variable (IV) method and a nonparametric bounding method. Using both methods we show that the true effect of private tutoring on middle school students remains at most modest in Korea. The IV results suggest that a 10 percent increase in tutoring expenditure for Korean, English and math raises a student's test score of the subject at the largest by 1.24, 1.28, and 0.75 percent, respectively. The bounding results also fail to show evidence that an increase in tutoring expenditure leads to economically and statistically significant improvements in test score.
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고성능 액체 크로마토그래피에 의한 금속 : Diethyldithiocarbamate Chelates의 용리거동에 관한 연구
강창희,李垣 慶熙大學校 1987 論文集 Vol.16 No.-
The separation behavior of Pb(Ⅱ), Co(Ⅱ), Cu(Ⅱ), Hg(Ⅱ)-diethyldithiocarbamate metal chelates gave been studied by high performance liquid chromatography. The optimum conditions for the separation of four metal-DDTC chelates were determined. As the following conclusions have been obtained. 1. The four metal-DDTC chelates were quantitatively extracted into 2ml of MIBK by shaking for 20-25mins. 2. Metal-DDTC cheltes were successfully separated on Nova-Pak C_18 column (3.9㎜ I. D. x 15㎝, particle size 4μm) using methanol/acetonitrile/water/(40:35:25) as the eluent. And the eluted metal chelates were detected by UV detector (at 254nm). 3. The optimum pH range for the formation of metal-DDTC chelates were from 9.0 to 9.5. 4. The elution-order of the metal-chelates in several extracting solvents is as follows : Pb(Ⅱ)>Co(Ⅱ)>Cu(Ⅱ) Hg(Ⅱ) It was found that these elution-order agreed well the stability of metal-DDTC chelates.
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강창희,김형묵 고려대학교 의과대학 1998 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.35 No.1
Pentoxifylline is a methylxanthine derivative that has been shown to reduce ischemic injury in several organ systems by improving microvascular circulation. Pentoxifylline has an antineutrophil effect and has been shown to reduce neutrophil-dependent lung injury, and attenuates tumor necrosis factor-induced endothelial permeability. The hemorheologic effect of pentoxifylline is to augment microcirculation by improving deformability and motility of circulating blood cells, lowering blood viscosity, and decreasing neutrophil and platelet aggregation. This study was undertaken to investigate whether pentoxifylline administered during pre-ischemic and post-ischemic periods would ameliorate ischemia-reperfusion injury in preserved isolated rabbit lung. Two groups were evaluated with twelve animals in each group. In the control group, pentoxifylline was not used. In the experimental group, 200mg/L pentoxifylline was added to the 10℃ flushing solution and storage solution (Modified Euro-Collins' solution), in which the lung was immersed for six hours. To the lungs in the experiment group, 20mg/kg bodyweight pentoxifylline was then given through the main pulmonary artery over 5 mins, after which pentoxifylline was continuously infused for the remainder of the reperfusion period at a rate of 0.1mg/kg/min. During pulmonary flush perfusion with modified Euro-Collins' solution mean pulmonary arterial pressures were significantly lower in the pentoxifylline-treated group compared to the control group (p=0.0081). Although the pulmonary arterial pressures were increased in both groups during reperfusion, they were significantly lower in the pentoxifylline-treated group compared to the control group (p=0.0419-0.0002). Pulmonary vascular resistances were significantly lower in the pentoxifylline-treated group than in the control group during reperfusion (p=0.0205-0.0002). Systemic arterial oxygen tensions were decreased in both groups during reperfusion, but were significantly higher in the pentoxifylline-treated group compared to the control group (p<0.0001-<0.0001). Alveolar-arterial oxygen differences were significantly lower in the pentoxifylline-treated group than in the control group during reperfusion (p<0. 0001-<0.0001). Wet/dry weight ratio, tissue water, and water content of the preserved left lung were significantly lower in the pentoxifylline-treated group than in the control group. Microscopically, the intra-alveolar hemorrhage and pulmonary congestion was significantly less in the pentoxifylline-treated group than in the control group. In conclusion, pentoxifylline ameliorated pulmonary ischemia-reperfusion injury as demonstrated by reduction of lung edema and improved gas exchange during the reperfusion period.
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