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디젤개질기의 작동조건이 고체산화물 연료전지의 성능에 미치는 영향
강인용(Inyong Kang),배중면(Joongmyeon Bae),지현진(Hyunjin Jee),배규종(Gyoujong Bae),유영성(Youngsung Yoo) 대한기계학회 2005 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2005 No.5
Diesel reforming was investigated as a method to supply fuel for SOFC(Solid Oxide Fuel Cell). Objective of this paper is to draw actual problems which happen when a diesel reformer combines with a SOFC stack. ATR(Autothermal Reforming) was used to reform diesel. S/C(Steam to Carbon ratio), O/C(Oxygen to Carbon ratio), GHSV(Gas Hourly Space Velocity) and temperature of reactor were manipulated to control operating conditions of diesel reformer. Those conditions directly affected the performance of a SOFC stack. Other detailed conditions of the reactor also caused power change of SOFC.
수소 생산을 위한 탄화수소 연료의 개질 특성에 관한 연구
강인용(Inyong Kang),배규종(Gyujong Bae),배중면(Joongmyeon Bae) 대한기계학회 2005 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2005 No.11
Fuel cell requires hydrogen fuel for high electrochemical performance. Generally hydrogen is produced by reforming process using fossil fuel. In this study, various hydrocarbons were reformed. And commercial fuels such as gasoline, diesel and GTL were also investigated. Paraffin-hydrocarbon fuels were easy to be reformed. Maximum reforming efficiency using C₁?H₃₄ is 83%. But when 30-vol% aromatic-hydrocarbon fuels are added, reforming efficiency falls down to 67%. Commercial diesel has low efficiency due to aromatics included. Most of all, solid carbons on catalyst were observed in diesel reforming by SEM/EDX analysis. Finally paraffins which have long-carbon channel are good candidate fuel in hydrocarbon reforming due to not only high hydrogen density but also low possibility of coke formation. Therefore GTL which has low aromatic components and low sulfur is good commercial fuel to produce hydrogen. This has similar performance to C₁?H₃₄.
강인용(Inyong Kang),윤상호(Sangho Yoon),배중면(Joongmyeon Bae) 한국자동차공학회 2006 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-
An on-board diesel reformer for producing hydrogen-rich gases can be applied for not only a fuel cell system, but also an internal combustion engine for low emission vehicles. Diesel is reformed by autothermal reforming (ATR) reaction due to its high reforming efficiency comparing with steam reforming (SR) and catalytic partial oxidation (CPOX). ATR is a slightly exothermic reaction. If we control the reaction exothermicity, it is possible to design a self-sustaining diesel reformer. In previous researches, we have already studies about the factors to affect the exothermicity of the ATR reaction such as O₂/C (oxygen to carbon ratio), S/C (steam to carbon ratio), GHSV (gas hourly space velocity). In this paper, we will introduce an actual self-sustained 100We-c1ass diesel reformer. Especially, startup protocol of the diesel reformer and product distributions in steady-state operation will be presented. The diesel reformer was continuously operated for about 1 day with stable manner. But eventually, severe carbon deposition was happened after the period.
개질 반응 특성의 이해를 통한 디젤개질기의 성능개선에 관한 연구
강인용(Inyong Kang),배중면(Joongmyeon Bae),지현진(Hyunjin Jee),송영훈(Younghoon Song) 한국자동차공학회 2006 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-
Reforming reaction can be largely divided into two parts. One is catalytic reaction(CR) and the other is non-catalytic reaction(NCR). A large amount of hydrogen is produced by CR. Therefore solid surface chemistry is used to understand how to reform fuels. On the other hand, NCR usually happen before reaching catalyst bed due to non-uniform mixing of reactants, which causes to make aromatics and olefins which are well known as hard fuels to be reformed. In addition, the reduction of the oxygen content during NCR makes surface kinetics slow down. On the basis of these understanding, we concentrated on how to reduce NCR. So we have tried to atomize diesel using ultrasonic device. Finally we have enhanced reforming efficiency at 20%.
강인용(Inyong Kang),배중면(Joongmyeon Bae) 한국자동차공학회 2005 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2005 No.5_1
This study is about fuel reforming to produce hydrogen for fuel cell. Especially gasoline and diesel are considered as sources of hydrogen. They consist of numerous hydrocarbon fuels. The objective of this research is to show the reforming performance of each fuel. More carbon-contained hydrocarbons were more difficult to be reformed. And aromatic fuels needed more energy for reforming than paraffin fuels. Commercial gasoline and diesel had lower reforming performance than paraffin fuels as surrogate of each fuel. This is due to aromatic components in fuels. Reforming results of Simulated Fuels which consisted of paraffin and aromatic fuels was good agreement with commercial fuels.
효율적 수소생산을 위한 디젤개질기의 시동 및 운전 기법에 관한 연구
강인용(Inyong Kang),배중면(Joongmyeon Bae),임성광(Sungkwang Lim),홍종성(Jongsung Hong),이신구(Shinku Lee),배규종(Gyujong Bae) 대한기계학회 2006 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2006 No.6
Reformer requires low energy to reach steady state, and minimal start-up time to avoid solid carbon formation during operation. As known, diesel autothermal reforming(ATR) is started by lighting off fuel and air mixture. The mixing ratio is dominating factor which governs startup time and quantity(or degree) of carbon deposition during oxidation reaction. Once reaction temperature is reached, it is controlled by mixing ratio of reactants such as fuel, air and water by the nature of fast reaction control as well as simple system packaging. In this paper, we report the manipulation effect of each reformer operation parameters such as GHSV(gas hourly space velocity), H₂O/C(steam to carbon ratio) and O₂/C(oxygen to carbon ratio). We find the O₂/C ratio seem to be dominant to control ATR reaction. But the ATR reaction was so sensitive that manipulation of O₂/C ratio was lead to severe carbon formation due to large variation of temperature.
탄화수소 연료를 이용한 자열개질 반응기의 전산해석 및 실험
강인용(Inyong Kang),임성광(Sungkwang Leem),윤상호(Sangho Yoon),배중면(Joongmyeon Bae) 대한기계학회 2006 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2006 No.11
Autothermal reforming (ATR) is considered as an effective method to generate hydrogen for fuel cell system due to its high reforming efficiency and compact volume. But ATR requires delicate control strategies comparing with other reforming process such as steam reforming (SR) and partial oxidation (POX). Using numerical approach, we have investigated on various reaction conditions. Inner temperature quickly goes up at front part of catalyst bed, and then goes down by sequential steam-related reactions. O₂/C was a dominant control fact to optimize reforming efficiency. On the other hand, H₂O/C had less effect on reforming chemistry. These results were validated by experiment data.
배규종(Gyujong Bae),강인용(Inyong Kang),임성광(Sungkwang Lim),배중면(Joongmyeon Bae),김주용(Juyong Kim),이찬호(Chanho Lee) 대한기계학회 2006 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2006 No.6
This study discusses about research efforts of hydrogen generation from hydrocarbon(e.g., diesel, gasoline, natural gas, and LPG), especially, butane reforming by using Autothermal Reforming Reaction (ATR) technology. Several catalysts were selected for butane ATR. Thermodynamic reactor conditions (temperature, O2/C, S/C) are varied and reforming characteristics of 2 catalysts (Pt and Rh on ceramic supports) and 1 commercial catalyst (FCR-HC35) have been examined. To understand reaction behaviors in an ATR reactor comprehensively, temperature profiles of reactor were observed. By mass transfer limitation, fuel conversion decreases when GHSV was increased. Significant temperature variation along the reactor was observed and it was mainly due reaction kinetics difference between exothermic oxidation and endothermic reforming reaction.