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The Effects of Border Shutdowns on the Spread of COVID-19
강나혜,김범수 대한예방의학회 2020 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.53 No.5
Objectives: At the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, some countries imposed entry bans against Chinese visitors. We sought to identify the effects of border shutdowns on the spread of the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods: We used the synthetic control method to measure the effects of entry bans against Chinese visitors on the cumulative number of confirmed cases using World Health Organization situation reports as the data source. The synthetic control method constructs a synthetic country that did not shut down its borders, but is similar in all other aspects. Results: Six countries that shut down their borders were evaluated. For Australia, the effects of the policy began to appear 4 days after implementation, and the number of COVID-19 cases dropped by 94.4%. The border shutdown policy took around 13.2 days to show positive effects and lowered COVID-19 cases by 91.7% on average by the end of February. Conclusions: The border shutdowns in early February significantly reduced the spread of the virus. Our findings are informative for future planning of public health policies.
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A Comparative Study of Potentiodynamic and Potentiostatic Modes in the Deposition of Polyaniline
김은옥,강나혜,문재정,최민정 대한화학회 2016 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.37 No.9
The electrodeposition of polyaniline films was performed under potentiodynamic and potentiostatic conditions. Cyclic voltammetry shows that the redox electrochemical behavior changed from quasi-reversible to totally irreversible with increasing aniline concentration. In terms of the kinetics of the nucleation and growth processes in the potentiostatic deposition mode, progressive nucleation with two-dimensional growth is predominant, followed by one-dimensional growth leading to the formation of a fibrous structure. The overall polymer growth rates and the morphology of polymer surfaces are very different depending on the deposition method. The morphology associated with the kinetics is correlated with those experimentally determined by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Conductivity of the potentiostatically grown film is lower than the one potentiodynamically grown. The observed decrease in conductivity appears to be linked to a decrease in the charge carrier mobility due to the agglomerated structures that are formed during secondary growth.
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전기화학적 합성 방법이 Polyaniline 특성에 미치는 영향
김은옥,강나혜,문재정 水原大學校 2014 論文集 Vol.28 No.-
Electrochemical synthesis of polyaniline (PAni) was carried out using two different techniques: potentiodynamic and potentiostatic methods. The electrochemical data were obtained from cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry measurements. Conducting emeraldine salt form was confirmed with UV-Vis and FT-IR spectroscopy. The effects of synthethic methods on electrical conductivity of the film were studied using four-point probe measurement. Morphologies of the films were observed with SEM.
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초등 특수교육 교사와 일반교육 교사의 다문화 인식에 따른 다문화 교수효능감 비교
정동영(Chung Dong-young),강나혜(Kang Na-hye) 한국특수교육교과교육학회 2019 특수교육교과교육연구 Vol.12 No.2
본 연구의 목적은 초등학교 특수교육 교사와 일반교육 교사의 다문화 인식과 다문화 교수효능감의 차이를 분석하고, 그들의 다문화 인식과 다문화 교수효능감의 관계를 알아보는데 있다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 전국의 초등학교 특수교육 교사 119명과 일반교육 교사 83명을 선정하여 이들의 다문화 인식과 다문화 교수효능감을 조사분석했다. 본 연구의 결과 첫째, 초등학교 특수교육 교사와 일반교육 교사는 다문화 인식의 존중성을 가장 중요시하는데, 특수교육 교사보다 일반교육 교사가 다문화 인식의 존중성을 더욱 중요시하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 초등학교 특수교육 교사와 일반교육 교사는 다문화 교수효능감에서 인간관계 증진을 가장 중요시하나, 특수교육 교사보다 일반교육 교사가 인간관계 증진을 더욱 중요시하는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 특수교육 교사의 다문화 교수효능감은 다문화 인식의 개방성에 영향을 더 많이 받으나, 일반교육 교사의 다문화 교수효능감은 다문화 인식의 개방성과 존중성에 영향을 더 많이 받는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 특수교육 교사와 일반교육 교사는 다문화 인식과 다문화 교수효능감에서 공통점을 지니나, 일반교육 교사가 특수교육 교사보다 다문화 인식의 존중성과 다문화 교수효능감의 인간관계 증진을 더욱 중요시하는 특징을 나타내며, 이러한 다문화 인식에 따라 이들의 다문화 교수효능감도 달라진다고 할 수 있다. The purpose of this study is to analyze the difference multicultural awareness and multicultural teaching efficacy of special education teachers and general education teachers in the elementary schools and to investigate relationship between their multicultural awareness and multicultural teaching efficacy. This study selected 119 special education teachers and 83 general education teachers in elementary schools and analyzed their multicultural awareness and multicultural teaching efficacy. The results of this study are as follows. First, special education teachers and general education teachers placed the highest importance on the respect of multicultural awareness, but general education teachers put more importance on respect for multicultural awareness than special education teachers. Second, special education teachers and general education teachers placed the highest importance on promoting human relations in the multicultural teaching efficacy, but general education teachers put more importance on promoting human relations in the multicultural teaching efficacy than special education teachers. Third, the promotion of human relation by special education teachers has been found to be more influenced by the openness of multicultural awareness, but the promotion of human relation by general education teachers has been found to be more influenced by the openness and respectability of multicultural awareness. Therefore, general education teachers value the respect of multicultural awareness more than special education teachers, they place more importance on promoting human relations in the multicultural teaching efficacy.
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