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천연기념물 제415호 포항 달전리 주상절리의 사면안정성 평가 및 낙석 위험 범위 설정
김재환,강무환,공달용,좌용주,Kim, Jae Hwan,Kang, Mu Hwan,Kong, Dal-Yong,Jwa, Yong-Joo 한국문화재보존과학회 2021 보존과학회지 Vol.37 No.5
포항 달전리 주상절리(천연기념물 제415호, 이하 주상절리)에 대한 사면안정성 평가 및 낙석 시뮬레이션을 통하여 낙석의 최대 에너지, 도약높이, 이동거리를 산출하였으며, 낙석 위험 범위를 설정하였다. 주상절리가 분포하는 사면의 경우 왼쪽(SW)에서 오른쪽(NE)에 이르기까지 93.79°, 131.99°, 165.54°, 259.84°의 경사방향을 가지며 전체적으로 부채꼴의 형상을 하고 있다. 이러한 사면의 경사방향을 따라 4구간으로 구분하였으며, 각 구간별 노출되어 있는 주상절리의 단면에서 개별적인 불연속면의 방향성을 측정한 결과 1구간은 125개, 2구간은 261개, 3구간은 262개, 4구간은 43개로 확인된다. 평사투영법을 이용한 각 구간별 사면 안정성 평가 결과, 평면 및 전도파괴 영역에 해당되나 이는 노출된 주상절리면의 개별 방향성에 대한 해석 결과로 주상절리에 대하여 평면 및 전도파괴의 가능성을 진단하기 어렵기 때문에 현재에도 발생되고 있는 낙석으로부터 위험 가능성을 평가하는 것이 바람직한 것으로 판단된다. 또한 낙석 시뮬레이션을 통해 측정된 낙석의 최대 이동거리는 약 66 m이며, 낙석 위험 범위는 사면 아래 전 영역이 해당됨을 알 수 있다. 따라서 이러한 낙석의 거동은 지형학적 요인에 의해 다양한 방향으로 굴러떨어져 낙하지점을 예측하기 힘들기 때문에 낙석으로부터 안정성 확보를 위한 낙석 방지시설 설치를 제안하고자 한다. In this study, we evaluated the slope stability of the Pohang Daljeon-ri columnar joint (Natural Monuments # 415) and calculated the maximum energy, jumping height and moving distance of rockfalls using a simulation. Based on the results, we established the range of rockfall risk. The slopes of the Pohang Daljeon-ri columnar joint have dip directions of 93.79°, 131.99°, 165.54° and 259.84° from left (SW) to right (NE). Furthermore, they have a fan-like shape. The Pohang Daljeon-ri columnar joints are divided into four sections depending on the dip direction. The measurement results of the discontinuous face show that zone 1 is 125, zone 2 is 261, zone 3 is 262, zone 4 is 43. The results of slope stability analyses for each section using a stereographic projection method correspond to the range of planar and toppling failure. Although it is difficult to diagnose the type of failure, risk evaluation of currently falling rocks requires further focus. The maximum movement distance of a rockfall in the simulation was approximately 66 m and the rockfall risk range was the entire area under slope. In addition, it is difficult to forecast where a rock will fall as it rolls in various directions due to topographic factors. Thus, the installation of measures to prevent falling is suggested to secure the stability based on the results of the rockfall simulations and its probabilistic analysis.
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김재환,김영록,김해영,Kim, Jae-Hwan,Kim, Young-Rok,Kim, Hae-Yeong 한국식물생명공학회 2011 식물생명공학회지 Vol.38 No.2
1994년 처음으로 GM 토마토인 Flavr Savr가 시장에 나온 이후, 2010년 현재 140여 품목의 GM식물이 전 세계적으로 상업화되었다. GM식물들에 대한 안전성 승인여부의 확인 및 표시제관리를 위하여 이들 GM식물내로 도입된 삽입유전자의 정보를 이용한 검정방법이 도입되었으며, 또한 도입유전자의 발현된 단백질을 분석하기 위하여 정성 및 정량을 위한 면역학적 방법이 도입되었다. 본 총설에서는 국내 외적으로 개발된 콩, 옥수수, 카놀라, 면화 등의 GM식물에 적용된 multiplex PCR, real-time PCR 방법과 최신 개발 중인 microarray, 나노기술 등을 활용한 방법들을 조사하였다. Since the first commercial GM plant, the FlavrSavr tomato, authorized in 1994, more than 140 GM plants were authorized for marketing globally. For the authorization and labelling of GM plants, the detection methods for genes introduced and proteins expressed in GM plants were developed qualitatively and quantitatively. This review presented the detection methods, conventional PCR, multiplex PCR and real-time PCR, for soybean, maize, canola and cotton as the dominant GM plants. Also, microarray assay and nanotechnology as new approaches for detection methods for GM plants were investigated.
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김재환,이명성,이재만,이미혜,박성미,Kim, Jae-Hwan,Lee, Myeong-Seong,Lee, Jae-Man,Lee, Mi-Hye,Park, Sung-Mi 국립문화재연구소 2010 保存科學硏究 Vol.31 No.-
This study were performed thermal shock test for four kind of different rocks (Iksan granite, Namsan granite, Jeongseon marble, Yeongyang sandstone), and according to heating temperature($400^{\circ}C$, $600^{\circ}C$) on samples were investigated physical properties such as specify gravity, porosity, p-wave velocity. As a result, the tendency was appeared that porosity increased, and specific gravity and p-wave velocity decreased at a more higher temperature. But, the situation of change appeared characteristic according to temperature and rock types. In the case of Yeongyang sandstone, it appeared in especially porosity increasing at $400^{\circ}C$. The specific gravity was little change in the all the rock at $400^{\circ}C$ but the decreased at $600^{\circ}C$. Therefore the specific gravity in the temperature range is due to the relatively small impact on the change is expected. Porosity of the granite at $400^{\circ}C$ changes little. but marble in the rate of change is large. Conversely, the sandstone porosity decreased. At $600^{\circ}C$ increased porosity in all of rocks. particularly sandstone the smallest increase in porosity. Experiments showed that p-wave velocity measured through dry rocks was sensitive to quantify the thermal damage. The p-wave velocity of all rocks decreased with increasing temperature. In the relation between porosity and p-wave velocity, p-wave velocity decreased with increasing porosity. On the other hand, in case of Yeongyang sandstone p-wave velocity decreased with decreasing porosity. thus, development of microcracks more affects p-wave velocity than porosity. In this study, damage intensity was well explained with porosity and p-wave velocity values depending on temperature increase.
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김재환,김상우,조원모,강희설,조영무,Kim, Jae-Hwan,Kim, Sang-Woo,Cho, Won-Mo,Kang, Hee-Seol,Cho, Young-Moo 한국축산환경학회 1996 축산시설환경학회지 Vol.2 No.2
The objective of this study was to estimate the investment limit in equipment capital by Capital Recovery Method. The data used was collected from 23 Hanwoo(Korean Native Cattle) farms in 1994. The necessary time for herd size expansion was average 5 years from opening(9.7 heads) to 50 heads, 4 years from 50 to 100heads, 3 years from 100 to 150 heads, and 2 years from 150 to 200 heads, respectively. It took 14 years from opening to 200 heads of herd size. The debts for fattening cattle farms were 15.2million won for the size of 50 heads, 37.1 million won for the size of 100 heads and 89.0 million won for the size 200 heads, respectively. Average rates of debt interest were 5.1 % 7.2 and 10.8, correspendingly. As the hear size increased, debt interest rates also increased due to government funds limit. The investment limits in equipment capital perfarm household were 77.7 million won for 50 heads, 135.1 for 100 heads, and 294.3 for 200 heads for 5,500 won per kg liveweight, 70.7 million won for 50 heads, 122.6 for 100 heads and 269.3 for 200 heads for 5,000 won per kg liveweight, 63.6 million won for 50 heads 110.0 for 100 heads and 244.2 for 200 heads for 4,500 won per kg liveweight.
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