Energy Optimization of Hierarchical Wireless Sensor Networks using RFID Algorithm

Tarun Sharma,Harsukhpreet Singh,Anurag Sharma 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Grid and Distributed Comp Vol.8 No.6

Wireless Sensor Network is built of more than a few nodes where each node is linked to one sensor. The main challenging task in this network is lifetime and energy consumption. The LEACH protocol is energy efficient protocol to reduce their energy consumption different modes is applied on the sensor nodes. These modes are sleep, Active and ready mode. These modes are applied on LEACH protocol and this enhancement is called RFID protocol. The main problem exists in RFID protocol is of clock synchronization due which packet loss happened in the network which reduce network performance. To overcome this problem, proposed contention Avoidance Algorithm (RTS /CTS). In this technique cluster, head nodes send RTS packets containing a NONCE feed to all its cluster members. The member nodes would adjust their clocks according to the feed and revert back with CTS packets are synchronization their clocks. The proposed technique has been implemented in Network Simulator. The graphical results show that proposed technique performs batter than LEACH, RFID protocol in terms of throughput, energy and packet loss, Delay and control overhead in the network.

Coupling performance enhancement using SOI grating coupler design

Sharma, Tarun,Kwon, Hyeokbin,Park, Jongwoo,Han, Seungjun,Son, Gyeongho,Jung, Youngho,Yu, Kyoungsik Elsevier 2018 OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS - Vol.427 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Grating couplers are one of the most significant elements for the coupling of light between optical fibers and photonic integrated circuits. In this paper, we present the design, fabrication and experimental characterization of Silicon on Insulator (SOI) based grating couplers. The mode matching of diffracted optical field from the grating coupler with a single mode fiber at different angles is investigated here with normal surface physical contact (PC) and angled physical contact (APC) fibers. According to our simulations, the 1°tilt in the fiber angle approximately changes the position of the optimum mode coupling for the grating coupler with the single mode fiber by ∼ 300 nm distance. The variation of input wavelength at different grating periods gives the different optimal coupling angles for the PC fibers. The experimental results also demonstrate the coupling efficiency as −3.6 dB at 1550 nm with a simulated 3-dB bandwidth of 48 nm near the telecommunication C-band.</P>

Magnetic Resonance Imaging and GeneXpert: A Rapid and Accurate Diagnostic Tool for the Management of Tuberculosis of the Spine

Ayush Sharma,Harvinder Singh Chhabra,Rajat Mahajan,Tarun Chabra,Sahil Batra 대한척추외과학회 2016 Asian Spine Journal Vol.10 No.5

Study Design: Retrospective study. Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze various diagnostic tools, including GeneXpert, for the management of tuberculosis of the spine. Overview of Literature: Traditional diagnostic methods of microscopy, histology, and culture have low sensitivity and specificity for the management of tuberculosis of the spine. Methods: Of the 262 treated cases of spinal tuberculosis, data on 1 year follow-up was available for 217 cases. Of these, only 145 cases with a confirmed diagnosis were selected for retrospective analysis. Results: In 145 of the 217 patients (66.80%), diagnosis was confirmed on the basis of a culture. Of the 145 patients with a confirmed diagnosis, 98 (66.20%) patients were diagnosed on the basis of clinical presentation, whereas 123 (84.8%) exhibited a typical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) picture. In 99 surgically treated patients, the diagnosis was confirmed on the basis of an intraoperative tissue biopsy. Among the 46 patients treated conservatively, 35 underwent a transpedicular biopsy, 4 patients underwent computed tomography-guided biopsy, 6 patients were diagnosed on the basis of material obtained from a cold abscess, and 1 patient underwent an open biopsy. The sensitivity of the culture for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was 66.80% (145/217) in our patients. Among the cases in which GeneXpert was used, the sensitivity for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was 93.4% (43/46). Moreover, the sensitivity of GeneXpert to detect rifampicin resistance was 100% (7/7) in our study. Conclusions: Majority of the patients with tuberculosis of the spine can be diagnosed on the basis of a typical radiological presentation via MRI. In our study, 84.8% cases exhibited typical MRI findings. For patients presenting with atypical MRI features, a rapid and accurate diagnosis is possible by combining GeneXpert with MRI. The combined use of MRI and GeneXpert is a rapid and highly sensitive tool to diagnose tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance in patients with tuberculosis of the spine. Furthermore, we achieved a 97.9% sensitivity for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and 100% sensitivity for the detection of rifampicin resistance in our study.

Contribution of Samll Scale Industries in Indian Economic Development

(Jong Soo Park),(Tarun Sharma) 경상대학교 경영경제연구소 1989 産業經濟 Vol.1 No.-

Plasmodium falciparum apicoplast and its transcriptional regulation through calcium signaling

Praveen Rai,Drista Sharma,Rani Soni,Nazia Khatoon,Bhaskar Sharma,Tarun Kumar Bhatt 한국미생물학회 2017 The journal of microbiology Vol.55 No.4

Malaria has been present since ancient time and remains amajor global health problem in developing countries. Plasmodiumfalciparum belongs to the phylum Apicomplexan,largely contain disease-causing parasites and characterizedby the presence of apicoplast. It is a very essential organelleof P. falciparum responsible for the synthesis of key moleculesrequired for the growth of the parasite. Indispensablenature of apicoplast makes it a potential drug target. Calciumsignaling is important in the establishment of malaria parasiteinside the host. It has been involved in invasion and egressof merozoites during the asexual life cycle of the parasite. Calcium signaling also regulates apicoplast metabolism. Therefore,in this review, we will focus on the role of apicoplast inmalaria biology and its metabolic regulation through Ca++signaling.

Determinants of Shopping Experience for Mall Shoppers: Empirical Investigation in an Emerging City of Raipur (India)

Singh, Harvinder,Prashar, Sanjeev,Agarwal, Rashmi,Sharma, Tarun Kumar KNU The Institute of Management Economy Research 2014 Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Vol.5 No.1

Shopping malls have become key players in the Indian retail space. Even in upcoming Indian towns, malls have been mushrooming. Raipur, the capital city of the Indian state of Chhattisgarh has witnessed the growth over the last few years. However, this unplanned growth of malls in cities is expected to lead to oversupply of mall space in the near future, making things difficult for mall developers. The study is an attempt to identify appropriate strategies for mall developers to iron out such kinks. This paper presents 'shopping experience' as a tool to compete, succeed and explore its composition in terms of its constituent factors. The paper uses Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) on a non-probability sample of 350 respondents. It condenses a set of twenty-two mall variables into five factors that directly influence the shopping experience. These factors included ambience, infrastructure, marketing focus, convenience and safety and security. In terms of significance, shoppers assigned different weightage to each of these factors. The study shed light on interesting insights regarding the expectations of mall shoppers in the city of Raipur. The results though interesting, may be extended to different social, economic and geographic contexts to check the universality. While strategizing, mall developers must assign proportionate effort on the factors based on the respective contribution to shopping experience. In light of intensifying competition in Raipur, the study is significant for future prospects of malls. In the absence of a scientific and objective basis, the developers run risk of making wrong investment and management decisions. This paper is a useful addition to the body of knowledge on management of shopping malls in India and is unique in terms of its focus on mall shoppers in the smaller Indian cities like Raipur.

Intraocular Pressure and Its Determinants in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in India

Sayantan Biswas,Rajiv Raman,Vaitheeswaran Koluthungan,Tarun Sharma 대한예방의학회 2011 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.44 No.4

Objectives: This study was conducted to show the intraocular pressure (IOP) distribution and the factors affecting IOP in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in India. Methods: We measured the anthropometric and biochemical parameters for confirmed type 2 DM patients. A comprehensive ocular examination was performed for 1377 subjects aged > 40 years and residing in Chennai. Results: A significant difference in IOP (mean ± standard deviation) was found between men and women (14.6±2.9 and 15.0±2.8 mmHg, p = 0.005). A significantly elevated IOP was observed among smokers, subjects with systemic hypertension and women with clinically significant macular edema (CSME). After a univariate analysis, factors associated significantly with higher IOP were elevated systolic blood pressure, elevated resting pulse rate and thicker central corneal thickness (CCT). In women,elevated glycosylated hemoglobin was associated with a higher IOP. After adjusting for all variables, the elevated resting pulse rate and CCT were found to be associated with a higher IOP. Conclusions: Systemic hypertension, smoking, pulse rate and CCT were associated with elevated intraocular pressure in type 2 DM. Women with type 2 DM, especially those with CSME, were more prone to have an elevated IOP.

Intraocular Pressure and Its Determinants in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in India

Biswas, Sayantan,Raman, Rajiv,Koluthungan, Vaitheeswaran,Sharma, Tarun The Korean Society for Preventive Medicine 2011 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.44 No.4

Objectives: This study was conducted to show the intraocular pressure (IOP) distribution and the factors affecting IOP in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in India. Methods: We measured the anthropometric and biochemical parameters for confirmed type 2 DM patients. A comprehensive ocular examination was performed for 1377 subjects aged > 40 years and residing in Chennai. Results: A significant difference in IOP (mean ${\pm}$ standard deviation) was found between men and women ($14.6{\pm}2.9$ and $15.0{\pm}2.8$ mmHg, p = 0.005). A significantly elevated IOP was observed among smokers, subjects with systemic hypertension and women with clinically significant macular edema (CSME). After a univariate analysis, factors associated significantly with higher IOP were elevated systolic blood pressure, elevated resting pulse rate and thicker central corneal thickness (CCT). In women, elevated glycosylated hemoglobin was associated with a higher IOP. After adjusting for all variables, the elevated resting pulse rate and CCT were found to be associated with a higher IOP. Conclusions: Systemic hypertension, smoking, pulse rate and CCT were associated with elevated intraocular pressure in type 2 DM. Women with type 2 DM, especially those with CSME, were more prone to have an elevated IOP.

Determinants of Shopping Experience for Mall Shoppers

Harvinder Singh,Sanjeev Prashar,Rashmi Agarwal,Tarun Kumar Sharma 강원대학교 경영경제연구소 2014 Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Vol.5 No.1

Shopping malls have become key players in the Indian retail space. Even in upcoming Indian towns, malls have been mushrooming. Raipur, the capital city of the Indian state of Chhattisgarh has witnessed the growth over the last few years. However, this unplanned growth of malls in cities is expected to lead to oversupply of mall space in the near future, making things difficult for mall developers. The study is an attempt to identify appropriate strategies for mall developers to iron out such kinks. This paper presents ‘shopping experience’ as a tool to compete, succeed and explore its composition in terms of its constituent factors. The paper uses Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) on a non-probability sample of 350 respondents. It condenses a set of twenty-two mall variables into five factors that directly influence the shopping experience. These factors included ambience, infrastructure, marketing focus, convenience and safety and security. In terms of significance, shoppers assigned different weightage to each of these factors. The study shed light on interesting insights regarding the expectations of mall shoppers in the city of Raipur. The results though interesting, may be extended to different social, economic and geographic contexts to check the universality. While strategizing, mall developers must assign proportionate effort on the factors based on the respective contribution to shopping experience. In light of intensifying competition in Raipur, the study is significant for future prospects of malls. In the absence of a scientific and objective basis, the developers run risk of making wrong investment and management decisions. This paper is a useful addition to the body of knowledge on management of shopping malls in India and is unique in terms of its focus on mall shoppers in the smaller Indian cities like Raipur.

Effect of Illumination on Colour Vision Testing with Farnsworth-Munsell 100 Hue Test: Customized Colour Vision Booth versus Room Illumination

Kowser Zahiruddin,Shaj Banu,Ramya Dharmarajan,Vaitheeswaran Kulothungan,Deepa Vijayanl,Rajiv Raman,Tarun Sharma 대한안과학회 2010 Korean Journal of Ophthalmology Vol.24 No.3

Purpose: To evaluate a customized, portable Farnsworth-Munsell 100 (FM 100) hue viewing booth for compliance with colour vision testing standards and to compare it with room illumination in subjects with normal colour vision (trichromats), subjects with acquired colour vision defects (secondary to diabetes mellitus), and subjects with congenital colour vision defects (dichromats). Methods: Discrete wavelengths of the tube in the customized booth were measured using a spectrometer using the normal incident method and were compared with the spectral distribution of sunlight. Forty-eight subjects were recruited for the study and were divided into 3 groups: Group 1, Normal Trichromats (30 eyes); Group 2, Congenital Colour Vision Defects (16 eyes); and Group 3, Diabetes Mellitus (20 eyes). The FM 100 hue test performance was compared using two illumination conditions, booth illumination and room illumination. Results: Total error scores of the classical method in Group 2 as mean±SD for room and booth illumination was 243.05±85.96 and 149.85±54.50 respectively (p=0.0001). Group 2 demonstrated lesser correlation (r=0.50, 0.55), lesser reliability (Cronbach’s alpha, 0.625, 0.662) and greater variability (Bland & Altman value, 10.5) in total error scores for the classical method and the moment of inertia method between the two illumination conditions when compared to the other two groups. Conclusions: The customized booth demonstrated illumination meeting CIE standards. The total error scores were overestimated by the classical and moment of inertia methods in all groups for room illumination compared with booth illumination, however overestimation was more significant in the diabetes group.