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Sajjad, Yasar,Jaskani, Muhammad Jafar,Qasim, Muhammad,Akhtar, Gulzar,Mehmood, Asim Korean Society of Horticultural Science 2015 원예과학기술지 Vol.33 No.6
Gladiolus is one of the most popular cut flowers in the world floral market and is highly attractive to consumers. The production of poor-quality gladiolus spikes is one of the most important hurdles to obtaining high prices for this crop. The main objectives of this study were to improve the quantitative characteristics of gladiolus spikes, to increase propagule production and to enhance chemical constituent levels in leaves to help improve plant growth. We performed foliar application of bioregulators, including polyamines (putrescine and spermine) and vitamins (ascorbic acid and thiamine), at different concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.4, 0.7 and 1 mM) to gladiolus plants at the three leaf, five leaf and slipping stages. Application of 1 mM putrescine was the most effective treatment, with prominent effects on economically important spike traits including spike length (55.53 cm), spike diameter (7.53 mm), florets per spike (13.99), first floret diameter (9.66 cm) and first floret weight (4.90 g), followed by spermine treatment. The 1 mM putrescine treatment also had positive effects on corm-associated traits including corm diameter and corm weight, with values of 4.57 cm and 26.16 g compared to 3.47 cm and 17.16 g in control plants, respectively. The contents of chemical constituents in leaves, including total chlorophylls ($8.06mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$), total carotenoids ($1.66mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$), total soluble sugars ($4.75 mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$) and phenolics ($0.89mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$) increased in response to foliar application of 1 mM putrescine compared to the control. Ascorbic acid and thiamine also had positive effects on various plant morphological traits and chemical constituents in leaves compared to control plants, but the growth-promoting effects of polyamines were more pronounced. Hence, applying polyamines to gladiolus leaves will help improve spike production and increasing propagule (cormel) yields.
( Muhammad Sajjad Khan ),( Insoo Koo ) 한국정보처리학회 2016 Journal of information processing systems Vol.12 No.2
Spectrum sensing is an essential function that enables cognitive radio technology to explore spectral holes and resourcefully access them without any harmful interference to the licenses user. Spectrum sensing done by a single node is highly affected by fading and shadowing. Thus, to overcome this, cooperative spectrum sensing was introduced. Currently, the advancements in multiple antennas have given a new dimension to cognitive radio research. In this paper, we propose a multiple energy detector for cooperative spectrum sensing schemes based on the evidence theory. Also, we propose a reporting mechanism for multiple energy detectors. With our proposed system, we show that a multiple energy detector using a cooperative spectrum sensing scheme based on evidence theory increases the reliability of the system, which ultimately increases the spectrum sensing and reduces the reporting time. Also in simulation results, we show the probability of error for the proposed system. Our simulation results show that our proposed system outperforms the conventional energy detector system.
Sajjad, Muhammad,Mehmood, Irfan,Baik, Sung Wook Pergamon Press 2015 Bio-medical materials and engineering Vol.26 No.1
<P>Image super-resolution (SR) plays a vital role in medical imaging that allows a more efficient and effective diagnosis process. Usually, diagnosing is difficult and inaccurate from low-resolution (LR) and noisy images. Resolution enhancement through conventional interpolation methods strongly affects the precision of consequent processing steps, such as segmentation and registration. Therefore, we propose an efficient sparse coded image SR reconstruction technique using a trained dictionary. We apply a simple and efficient regularized version of orthogonal matching pursuit (ROMP) to seek the coefficients of sparse representation. ROMP has the transparency and greediness of OMP and the robustness of the L1-minization that enhance the dictionary learning process to capture feature descriptors such as oriented edges and contours from complex images like brain MRIs. The sparse coding part of the K-SVD dictionary training procedure is modified by substituting OMP with ROMP. The dictionary update stage allows simultaneously updating an arbitrary number of atoms and vectors of sparse coefficients. In SR reconstruction, ROMP is used to determine the vector of sparse coefficients for the underlying patch. The recovered representations are then applied to the trained dictionary, and finally, an optimization leads to high-resolution output of high-quality. Experimental results demonstrate that the super-resolution reconstruction quality of the proposed scheme is comparatively better than other state-of-the-art schemes.</P>
More Generalized fuzzy subsemigroups/ideals in semigroups
Muhammad Sajjad Ali Khan,Saleem Abdullah,전영비,Khaista Rahman 호남수학회 2017 호남수학학술지 Vol.39 No.4
The main motivation of this article is to generalized the concept of fuzzy ideals, $(\alpha ,\beta )$-fuzzy ideals, $(\in ,\in \vee q_{k})$-fuzzy ideals of semigroups. By using the concept of $q_{K}^{\delta }$% -quasi-coincident of a fuzzy point with a fuzzy set, we introduce the notions of $(\in ,\in \vee q_{k}^{\delta })$-fuzzy left ideal, $(\in ,\in \vee q_{k}^{\delta })$-fuzzy right ideal of a semigroup. Special sets, so called $Q_{k}^{\delta }$-set and $\left[ \lambda _{k}^{\delta }\right] _{t}$-set, condition for the $Q_{k}^{\delta }$-set and $\left[ \lambda _{k}^{\delta }\right] _{t}$-set to be left (resp. right) ideals are considered. We finally characterize different classes of semigroups (regular, left weakly regular, right weakly regular) in term of $(\in ,\in \vee q_{k}^{\delta })$-fuzzy left ideal, $(\in ,\in \vee q_{k}^{\delta })$% -fuzzy right ideal and $(\in ,\in \vee q_{k}^{\delta })$-fuzzy ideal of semigroup $S$.
The Low Down on Association Mapping in Hexaploid Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Sajjad, Muhammad,Khan, Sultan Habibullah,Kazi, Abdul Mujeeb 한국작물학회 2012 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.15 No.3
The past few decades have witnessed hundreds of family-based linkage studies mapping for numerous traits but only a limited number of QTLs were actually cloned, tagged, or used for marker-assisted selection. Although providing valuable information, this conventional approach cannot be scaled up to underpin the incredible amount of phenotypic variation in the form of 266, 589 hexaploid wheat accessions maintained in public germplasm collections. Association mapping has recently emerged as an alternative and more powerful mapping approach where a natural population is surveyed to determine marker-trait associations using linkage disequilibrium (LD). After its first application for milling quality in 2006, association mapping studies in hexaploid wheat are being extended to tag yield traits, protein quality, and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Advances in genotyping technology and statistical approaches greatly accelerated the shift from conventional linkage-based mapping to LD-based association mapping. Association mapping stands out because of simultaneous utilization of a large number of ex situ-conserved natural variation due to historical recombination events accumulated over centuries.