Developing a Simplified Guide to Soil Taxonomy

Michel Ransom,Cameron Loerch,Kim Kerschen,John Galbraith,David Weindorf,Curtis Monger,Joseph Chiaretti,Craig Ditzler,Micheal Golden,David Smith,Kenneth Scheffe 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2014 No.6

Outcomes Associated with Nasal Reconstruction Post-Rhinectomy: A Narrative Review

John Jithin,Gupta Rohun,Grossbauer Anne,Chung Michael,Sethna Anita,Abboud Michel,Cox Eric,Hart Justin,Folbe Adam,Chaiyasate Kongkrit 대한성형외과학회 2022 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.49 No.2

The face and the external nose define an individual's physical appearance. Nasal deformities can cause facial disfigurement along with unwanted psychological repercussions. Nasal deformities range in severity, with the most severe cases being indications for a rhinectomy, due to the complexity of the nasal defect. According to published literature, there is no consensus among otolaryngologists and plastic surgeons on which technique or flap use is preferred in terms of complications, aesthetic outcome, or patient satisfaction. The goal of this study is to provide a comprehensive analysis of published studies on nasal reconstruction following rhinectomy. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols guidelines for writing systematic reviews, a systematic review was conducted. Four databases were searched using a search strategy. These articles were then imported into the COVIDENCE software and went screening and thorough article review. After screening 2,237 articles, 23 studies were then extracted for data collection analysis. We collected data from 12 case series, 4 case studies, 1 prospective case series, and 4 retrospective chart review studies. The most commonly reported flaps were forehead flaps, superior extended nasal myocutaneous island, forearm free flaps, anterolateral thigh (ALT) free flap, medial femoral condyle free flap (n = 8), and zygomaticus implants (n = 6), and retained nasal prosthesis. Although not specifically indicated by a certain number, the most common indication for the rhinectomy was malignancy, followed by traumas, postsurgical complications, radionecrosis, and congenital nasal malformations.Although several donor flaps can be used after rhinectomy, we conclude that there is no preference over what flap has superior patient outcomes after analysis. As of current, there are no prospective studies that exist. Therefore, more research is necessary to determine the results of each flap.

Outcomes Associated with Nasal Reconstruction Post-Rhinectomy: A Narrative Review

John Jithin,Gupta Rohun,Grossbauer Anne,Chung Michael,Sethna Anita,Abboud Michel,Cox Eric,Hart Justin,Folbe Adam,Chaiyasate Kongkrit 대한성형외과학회 2022 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.49 No.1

The face and the external nose define an individual's physical appearance. Nasal deformities can cause facial disfigurement along with unwanted psychological repercussions. Nasal deformities range in severity, with the most severe cases being indications for a rhinectomy, due to the complexity of the nasal defect. According to published literature, there is no consensus among otolaryngologists and plastic surgeons on which technique or flap use is preferred in terms of complications, aesthetic outcome, or patient satisfaction. The goal of this study is to provide a comprehensive analysis of published studies on nasal reconstruction following rhinectomy. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols guidelines for writing systematic reviews, a systematic review was conducted. Four databases were searched using a search strategy. These articles were then imported into the COVIDENCE software and went screening and thorough article review. After screening 2,237 articles, 23 studies were then extracted for data collection analysis. We collected data from 12 case series, 4 case studies, 1 prospective case series, and 4 retrospective chart review studies. The most commonly reported flaps were forehead flaps, superior extended nasal myocutaneous island, forearm free flaps, anterolateral thigh (ALT) free flap, medial femoral condyle free flap (n = 8), and zygomaticus implants (n = 6), and retained nasal prosthesis. Although not specifically indicated by a certain number, the most common indication for the rhinectomy was malignancy, followed by traumas, postsurgical complications, radionecrosis, and congenital nasal malformations.Although several donor flaps can be used after rhinectomy, we conclude that there is no preference over what flap has superior patient outcomes after analysis. As of current, there are no prospective studies that exist. Therefore, more research is necessary to determine the results of each flap.

Basel III in Reality

( Michele Fratianni ),( John C. Pattison ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 2015 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.30 No.1

Financial regulation has shifted from a system as an oligopoly dominated by the G2/G5 to expanded clubs like the Basel Committee for Banking Supervision. Expansive clubs have to agree to terms that are closer to the preferences of soft-regulation members. Yet, once a global agreement on minimum standards, such as Basel 3, is reached, the task is left to national or regional regulators. Deviations from the Basel 3 standards are bound to occur; the complexity of the agreement will facilitate an asymmetric implementation of national regulation and supervision. Countries like Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, the United States, and some Scandinavian countries have chosen higher standards. On the other hand, we should expect deviations to take place in member countries of the Eurozone that are heterogeneous having different preferences and trade-off between regulatory stringency and economic activity. The requirements of both global clubs and regional club regarding transparency, monitoring, and a level playing field will also cause a collision. This paper reports examples of heterogenous applications of supervisions and reforms.

국제금융구조와 국제금융기준

Fratianni, Michele,Pattison, John 동국대학교 대학원 법학과 2004 商事法 세미나 Vol.17-18 No.-

Metabolomics profiling in hypertension and blood pressure regulation: a review

Onuh John O.,Aliani Michel 대한고혈압학회 2021 Clinical Hypertension Vol.27 No.1

Hypertension is a chronic health condition in which blood pressure is usually elevated beyond normal levels. It can progress with serious complications if left undetected and untreated. Incidence of hypertension is on the increase worldwide with debilitating consequences on the health systems of many countries. It is a multifactorial disorder that requires a multi-pronged approach to address it. One such approach is the use of metabolomics or metabolite profiling to understand its underlying cause and possibly control it. Changes in metabolites profiles have been used to accurately predict so many disease conditions in addition to identifying possible biomarkers and pathways associated in their pathogenicity. This will enable their early detection, diagnosis and treatment as well as likely complications that may arise and also assist in development of biomarkers for clinical uses. The objective of this review therefore is to present some of the current knowledge on the application of metabolomics profiling in hypertension and blood pressure control. Hypertension is a chronic health condition in which blood pressure is usually elevated beyond normal levels. It can progress with serious complications if left undetected and untreated. Incidence of hypertension is on the increase worldwide with debilitating consequences on the health systems of many countries. It is a multifactorial disorder that requires a multi-pronged approach to address it. One such approach is the use of metabolomics or metabolite profiling to understand its underlying cause and possibly control it. Changes in metabolites profiles have been used to accurately predict so many disease conditions in addition to identifying possible biomarkers and pathways associated in their pathogenicity. This will enable their early detection, diagnosis and treatment as well as likely complications that may arise and also assist in development of biomarkers for clinical uses. The objective of this review therefore is to present some of the current knowledge on the application of metabolomics profiling in hypertension and blood pressure control.

Dissociation of Structural and Functional Integrities of the Motor System in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Behavioral-Variant Frontotemporal Dementia

배종석,Michele Ferguson,Rachel Tan,Eneida Mioshi,Neil Simon,James Burrell,Steve Vucic,John R. Hodges,Matthew C Kiernan,Michael Hornberger 대한신경과학회 2016 Journal of Clinical Neurology Vol.12 No.2

Background and Purpose Tis study investigated the structural and functional changes in the motor system in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS; n=25) and behavioral-variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD; n=17) relative to healthy controls (n=37). Methods Structural changes were examined using a region-of-interest approach, applying voxel-based morphometry for gray-matter changes and difusion tensor imaging for white-matter changes. Functional changes in the motor system were elucidated using threshold-tracking transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) measurements of upper motor-neuron excitability. Results The structural analyses showed that in ALS there were more white-matter changes in the corticospinal and motor-cortex regions and more gray-matter changes in the cerebellum in comparison to controls. bvFTD showed substantial gray- and white-matter changes across virtually all motor-system regions compared to controls, although the brainstem was afected less than the other regions. Direct comparisons across patient groups showed that the gray- and white-matter motor-system changes inclusive of the motor cortex were greater in bvFTD than in ALS. By contrast, the functional integrity of the motor system was more adversely afected in ALS than in bvFTD, with both patient groups showing increased excitability of upper motor neurons compared to controls. Conclusions Cross-correlation of structural and functional data further revealed a neural dissociation of diferent motor-system regions and tracts covarying with the TMS excitability across both patient groups. Te structural and functional motor-system integrities appear to be dissociated between ALS and bvFTD, which represents useful information for the diagnosis of motor-system changes in these two disorders.

The Search for a Common Strategic Vision Charting the Future of the US-ROK Security Partnership

G. John Ikenberry(존 아이켄베리),Chung-in Moon(문정인),Michell Reiss(미첼 리스) 동아시아재단 2008 동아시아재단 연구보고서 Vol.- No.-

한미 안보 동반자관계는 기로에 서 있다. 동맹은 지난 반세기 동안 동아시아에서의 안정과 평화의 원천이었고 두 나라 안보의 근본 요소였다. 그러나 이 지역은 빠른 변화를 보이고 있다. 중국의 부상, 미국의 전략적 이해관계의 변화(shifting), 한국의 성장과 번영 및 외교 안보정책에서의 독자적인 지향성 강화, 그리고 이 지역과 전 세계에서 대두하고 있는 새로운 안보적 도전들이 그것이다. 이런 가운데 한국과 미국은 북한에 대한 전략과 안보동맹의 확장을 둘러싼 설전의 시기를 이제 막 벗어났다. 이 보고서는 한미 안보 동반자관계에 대한 포괄적인 재평가를 담고 있다. 우리의 판단으로는 한미동맹은 양국의 치명적 안보이익에 직결될 뿐만 아니라 보다 넓게는 동북아시아의 지역안보와 안정에도 지극히 중요하다. 지난 수십 년간에 걸쳐서 한미동맹은 단순한 안보조약 이상이었으며, 정치적 경제적인 우호관계의 제도적인 표현이었다. 즉, 두 나라는 보다 큰 국제질서의 틀 속에서 동반자이며 참여자로서 공동의 이해와 가치 그리고 목표를 구축해왔다. 복합적인 안보적 도전들이 기다리고 있는 향후 상황에서 한미동맹관계에 활력을 불어넣는 일은 이 지역전반과 역내 개별 국가들에게 과거보다 더욱 중요한 의미를 가질 것이다. 한미 동반자관계가 굳건히 재확인되어야 함에는 이론의 여지가 없으나, 이는 보다 새롭게 현대화되고 재정의되어야 한다. 동맹은 미래에 대처할 수 있는 확고한 토대를 제공한다. 그러나 동맹의 임무와 우선순위, 범위, 그리고 제도로서의 정체성 등 21세기의 변화하는 안보적 도전들과 동북아에서의 최근의 변화와 추세들에 맞춰 한미동맹이 어떻게 적응할 것인지에 대해서는 아직도 제대로 된 지침이 마련되지 못하고 있다. 이 보고서는 새로운 시대를 맞아 한국과 미국이 전략적 협력관계를 발전시켜 나아가야 할 방향을 제시하고자 한다. 한미 동맹을 재확인하고 동맹이 보다 확고한 기반 위에 설 수 있도록 하기 위해서 보고서는 다음과 같은 조처들을 제안한다. A. 한국과 미국은 북한과 관련된 전술적 문제들을 넘어서 함께 공유할 수 있는 새로운 전략적 비전을 만들어가기 시작해야 한다. 동맹은 보다 넓고 보다 장기적인 관점에서 이 지역 및 세계 질서에 대한 전통적 안보 도전과 새롭게 대두되는 안보적 도전에 대처할 제도화된 안보 동반자관계(institutionalized security partnership)로 인식되어야 한다. 21세기의 한미동맹은 '다중적 임무(multi-tasking)'를 수행하는 존재가 되어야 한다. B. 동맹의 조건들(동맹 상대방에 대한 기대와 역할들) 역시 재정의되어야 한다. 과거의 후견적 형태(patron-client)의 동반자관계는 보다 동등하고 상호적인 관계로 대체되어야 한다. 새롭게 정비된 한미동맹 내에서의 지위와 목소리의 변화는 각자의 책임과 역할에 대한 재협상을 수반하며 이 보고서는 그 역할과 책임들을 구체적으로 담고 있다. C. 글로벌 차원에서 미국의 전략적 우선순위 상에 변화가 있음에도 불구하고, 특히 기지 배치와 군대 주둔에서 변화가 계속됨에도 불구하고 미국은 변함없이 한국의 안보에 대한 공약을 재확인해야 한다. 이 과정에서 미국은 주한미군의 규모를 적어도 2만5천 명 수준에서 유지할 것을 공약해야 한다. D. 새롭게 공유하게 될 한미 간의 전략비전은 즉각적인 대화와 행동을 필요로 하는 다음과 같은 분야들을 포함해야 한다. (a) 북한에 대한 이견의 축소, (b) 중국에 대한 공동의 접근방법 개발, (c) 새로운 지역 안보 메커니즘을 위한 공동의 노력. E. 새로운 한미전략비전에 대한 모색은 또한 초국가적이고 지역적인 새로운 도전들, 즉 환경 악화, 전염성 질환의 확산, 에너지 안보와 에너지 보전, 대량살상무기(WMD)의 확산 및 불법행위 등의 제반 문제들을 다룰 수 있는 공동의 메커니즘을 구축하고 공동의 의제를 설정하는 것을 포함한다. The US-ROK security partnership is at a crossroads. For half a century the alliance has been an essential component of each country’s security and a source of peace and stability in East Asia. But the region is undergoing rapid change. China is rising, American strategic interests are shifting, and the Republic of Korea has grown and prospered and seeks greater independence in its foreign and security policies. New security challenges are emerging in the region ?and around the world. In the meantime, the United States and the Republic of Korea have just emerged from a period of acrimony over strategy toward North Korea and the wider terms of the security alliance. This Report offers a comprehensive reassessment of the US-ROK security partnership. In our judgment, the alliance between the US and the Republic of Korea is a vital national security interest of each country, as is the stability and security of Northeast Asia more broadly. Over the decades, this alliance has been more than a security pact; it has been an institutionalized expression of a political and economic friendship?two countries as partners and participants in a larger international order built on shared interests, values, and aspirations. In looking into the future?and at the complex security challenges that await?a revitalized US-ROK alliance will be more, not less, important to our respective countries and the region. The US-ROK partnership should be reaffirmed?but it should also be modernized and redefined. The alliance provides a solid foundation for addressing the future, but provides little guidance as to how the alliance’s mission, priorities, scope and even its institutional identity should adjust to the recent changes and trends in Northeast Asia and the evolving security challenges of the 21st century. In this Report, we chart a path of strategic cooperation between the United States and South Korea for this new era. To reaffirm and place the alliance on a more solid footing, this Report recommends the following specific steps: ? The United States and the Republic of Korea must begin to sketch a new?and shared?strategic vision that goes beyond tactical questions relating to North Korea. The alliance must be seen in wider and longer-term perspective as an institutionalized security partnership with a mandate to address both traditional and “new” security challenges in the region and the global system. In the 21st century, the alliance must become a “multi-tasking” entity. ?The terms of the alliance?and the roles and expectations of each partner?must also be redefined. The old patron-client style of partnership should give way to a more equal and reciprocal relationship. These shifts in status and voice within the alliance come with a renegotiation of roles and responsibilities?roles and responsibilities that are detailed in this Report. ? Even as the American strategic priorities shift on a global level ?and basing and deployment commitments evolve?the United States nonetheless reaffirms its commitment to the security of South Korea. In doing this, it should also make a commitment to the basing of at least 25,000 troops in South Korea. ? The new shared US-ROK strategic vision should include several areas for immediate dialogue and action: these include narrowing disagreements on North Korea, developing a common approach to China, and working together on the development of a new regional security mechanism. ? The search for a new US-ROK strategic vision should also include identifying a common agenda for addressing new transnational and regional challenges?challenges that involve establishing mechanisms to deal with environmental degradation, contagious diseases, energy security and conservation, WMD proliferation, and illicit activities.

Optically Managing Thermal Energy in High-power Yb-doped Fiber Lasers and Amplifiers: A Brief Review

Nanjie Yu,John Ballato,Michel J. F. Digonnet,Peter D. Dragic 한국광학회 2022 Current Optics and Photonics Vol.6 No.6

Fiber lasers have made remarkable progress over the past three decades, and they now serve farreaching applications and have even become indispensable in many technology sectors. As there is an insatiable appetite for improved performance, whether relating to enhanced spatio-temporal stability, spectral and noise characteristics, or ever-higher power and brightness, thermal management in these systems becomes increasingly critical. Active convective cooling, such as through flowing water, while highly effective, has its own set of drawbacks and limitations. To overcome them, other synergistic approaches are being adopted that mitigate the sources of heating at their roots, including the quantum defect, concentration quenching, and impurity absorption. Here, these optical methods for thermal management are briefly reviewed and discussed. Their main philosophy is to carefully select both the lasing and pumping wavelengths to moderate, and sometimes reverse, the amount of heat that is generated inside the laser gain medium. First, the sources of heating in fiber lasers are discussed and placed in the context of modern fiber fabrication methods. Next, common methods to measure the temperature of active fibers during laser operation are outlined. Approaches to reduce the quantum defect, including tandem-pumped and short-wavelength lasers, are then reviewed. Finally, newer approaches that annihilate phonons and actually cool the fiber laser below ambient, including radiation-balanced and excitation-balanced fiber lasers, are examined. These solutions, and others yet undetermined, especially the latter, may prove to be a driving force behind a next generation of ultra-high-power and/or ultra-stable laser systems.

MEASURING INFRARED SURFACE BRIGHTNESS FLUCTUATION DISTANCES WITH<i>HST</i>WFC3: CALIBRATION AND ADVICE

Jensen, Joseph B.,Blakeslee, John P.,Gibson, Zachary,Lee, Hyun-chul,Cantiello, Michele,Raimondo, Gabriella,Boyer, Nathan,Cho, Hyejeon IOP Publishing 2015 The Astrophysical journal Vol.808 No.1

<P>We present new calibrations of the near-infrared (near-IR) surface brightness fluctuation (SBF) distance method for the F110W (J(110)) and F160W (H-160) bandpasses of the Wide Field Camera 3 Infrared Channel (WFC3/IR) on the Hubble Space Telescope. The calibrations are based on data for 16 early-type galaxies in the Virgo and Fornax clusters observed with WFC3/IR and are provided as functions of both the optical (g(475)-z(850)) and near-infrared (J(110)-H-160) colors. The scatter about the linear calibration relations for the luminous red galaxies in the sample is approximately 0.10 mag, corresponding to a statistical error of 5% in distance. Our results imply that the distance to any suitably bright elliptical galaxy can be measured with this precision out to about 80 Mpc in a single-orbit observation with WFC3/IR, making this a remarkably powerful instrument for extragalactic distances. The calibration sample also includes much bluer and lower-luminosity galaxies than previously used for IR SBF studies, revealing interesting population differences that cause the calibration scatter to increase for dwarf galaxies. Comparisons with single-burst population models show that as expected, the redder early-type galaxies contain old, metal-rich populations, while the bluer dwarf ellipticals contain a wider range of ages and lower metallicities than their more massive counterparts. Radial SBF gradients reveal that IR color gradients are largely an age effect; the bluer dwarfs typically have their youngest populations near their centers, while the redder giant ellipticals show only weak trends and in the opposite sense. Because of the population variations among bluer galaxies, distance measurements in the near-IR are best limited to red early-type galaxies. We conclude with some practical guidelines for using WFC3/IR to measure reliable SBF distances.</P>