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Characterization of crystalline linear (1→3)-α-<small>D</small>-glucan synthesized <i>in vitro</i>
Kobayashi, Kayoko,Hasegawa, Takuto,Kusumi, Ryosuke,Kimura, Satoshi,Yoshida, Makoto,Sugiyama, Junji,Wada, Masahisa Applied Science Publishers 2017 Carbohydrate polymers Vol.177 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We investigated the crystal structure and molecular arrangement of the linear (1→3)-α-<SMALL>D</SMALL>-glucan synthesized by glucosyltransferase GtfJ cloned from <I>Streptococcus salivarius</I> using sucrose as a substrate. The synthetic products had two morphologies: wavy fibril-like crystals as major and thin lamellae as minor products. Their structures were analyzed using electron microdiffraction, synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction, and solid-state <SUP>13</SUP>C NMR spectroscopy. The fibrils and lamellae had the same allomorphic form but different molecular arrangements. The wet crystals were in a hydrated form, which converted into an anhydrous form with a significant decrease in crystallinity on drying. The hydrated and anhydrous forms had an extended-chain conformation with 2/1 helix, and the hydrated form was estimated to contain one water molecule per glucose residue. The long glucan chains were folded in the fibril crystals, while the short, extended chains were arranged perpendicular to the base plane of the lamellae.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> (1→3)-α-<SMALL>D</SMALL>-Glucan was synthesized by recombinant glucosyltransferase sing sucrose. </LI> <LI> The synthetic products had two morphologies: wavy fibril and thin lamella. </LI> <LI> Both products had the same crystal structures but different molecular arrangements. </LI> <LI> Molecular chains were folded in the fibril but extended in the lamellar crystals. </LI> <LI> The hydrated form was converted into an anhydrous form by drying. </LI> </UL> </P>
( Ken Hatogai ),( Naoki Hosoe ),( Hiroyuki Imaeda ),( Jean Francois Rey ),( Sawako Okada ),( Yuka Ishibashi ),( Kayoko Kimura ),( Kazuaki Yoneno ),( Shingo Usui ),( Yosuke Ida ),( Nobuhiro Tsukada ),( 대한소화기학회 2012 Gut and Liver Vol.6 No.2
Background/Aims: A flexible spectral imaging color enhancement system was installed in new capsule software for video capsule endoscopy. Contrast image capsule endoscopy (CICE) is a novel technology using light-emitting diodes selected for the main absorption range of hemoglobin. We assessed the feasibility and diagnostic effi cacy for small bowel surveillance in patients with polyposis syndromes. Methods: Six patients with polyposis syndromes, four with familial adenomatous polyposis and one each with Cowden syndrome (CS) and Cronkhite-Canada syndrome (CCS) were examined using CICE. We conducted three evaluations to assess the effect on the numbers of the detected polyps; compare polyp diagnostic rates between adenoma and hamartoma; and assess polyp visibility. Results: The numbers of detected polyps and diagnostic accuracy did not differ signifi cantly between pre-contrast and contrast images. However, 50% of the adenomatous polyps displayed enhanced visibility on contrast images. CICE contrast images exhibited clearly demarcated lesions and improved the visibility of minute structures of adenomatous polyps. Hamartomatous polyp micro-structures in patients with CS and CCS were more clearly visualized on contrast than pre-contrast images. Conclusions: CICE is an effective tool for enhancing the visibility of polyps in patients with polyposis syndrome. (Gut Liver 2012;6:218-222)