광주광역시 치매의 유병률과 위험인자의 도시-농촌 지역 비교

신일선,김재민,윤진상,김석재,양수진,김웅장,이승현,강순아,곽지영,이형영 大韓神經精神醫學會 2002 신경정신의학 Vol.41 No.6

연구목적 : 본 연구의 목적은 광주광역시의 도시 및 농촌 지역에 거주하는 노인에서 치매의 유병률과 위험인자를 조사하고자 하였다. 부가적으로 이 두 지역간에 치매의 유병률과 위험인자를 비교하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 광주광역시의 전형적인 도시와 농촌지역의 65세 이상의 노인(N=1,598)을 대상으로, 2단계의 역학연구를 수행하였다. 1차 선별 단계에서는 38명의 훈련된 연구보조원이 대상노인을 면담하여, 사회인구학적 특징을 조사하고 한국판 간이정신상태검사(Korean version of Mini-Mental State Examination ; MMSE-K)로 평가하였다. 2차 임상 진단 단계에서는 1차 단계에서 MMSE-K 점수가 24점 이하인 노인(N=431)을 대상으로, 전문연구팀의 임상적 평가를 통해 치매를 진단하고 원인질환별로 알쯔하이머병(Alzheimer's disease ; AD), 혈관성 치매(vascular dementia ; VaD) 및 기타 치매로 분류하였다. 대상노인에서 치매의 유병률을 측정한 후, 광주광역시 전체 노인의 연령보정 유병률을 산출하였다. 전체 대상에서 AD의 위험인자를 조사한 후, 도시와 농촌군으로 나누어 분석을 다시 시행하였다. 결 과 : 1차 및 2차 단계의 참가율은 각각 71.0%(N=1,134) 및 83.2%(N=410) 였다. 연구 참여 노인(N=1,134)에서 전체 치매, AD 및 VaD의 유병률은 최소 각각 9.7%, 5.2%, 1.8%였다. 광주광역시 전체 노인의 연령 보정 유병률은 각각 10.7%, 5.7%, 1.9%인 것으로 산출되었다. AD의 독립 위험인자는 고령, 여성, 무학이었다. 도시와 농촌에 따른 유병률의 차이는 파악되지 않았다. 그러나 AD의 위험인자는 지역에 따라 차이가 있었다. 도시 노인에게는 무학만이, 농촌 노인에게는 고령과 여성인 경우가 독립 위험인자였다. 결 론 : 광주광역시 노인에서 치매의 유병률은 높았고, 이는 국내 다른 지역에서 수행된 선행연구 결과와 유사하였다. 알쯔하이머형 치매의 위험인자는 도시와 농촌에 따라 다른 결과를 보였다. 본 연구 결과는 한국에서의 치매의 실태를 반영하며, 치매의 적절한 관리와 예방을 위해서는 지역성 특성이 고려되어야 함을 시사한다. Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence rate and risk factors of dementia in an urban and a rural sample of older persons in the metropolitan Kwangju area, Republic of Korea. In addition, the prevalence rate and risk factors of dementia between the two samples were compared. Methods : A two-phase epidemiological study of residents aged 65 or over(N=1,598) was conducted in a highly developed, urban and a non-contiguous, poorly developed, rural area of metropolitan Kwangju. In the first(screening) phase, 38 trained research assistants collectively peformed in-home interviews for all participants. Detailed sociodemographic characteristics were gathered and the Korean version of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE-K) was administered. In the second (diagnosing) phase, diagnosis of dementia was established for those scoring 24 or less on the MMSE-K in the screening phase(N=431), and etiological types of dementia were classified to Alzheimer's disease(AD), vascular dementia(VaD) or miscellanous type by two teams of experts. Prevalence rate of dementia was determined in the participants, and age-standardized prevalence rate adjusted by age distribution in metropolitan Kwangju was estimated. For AD, the risk factors were investigated in all participants, and analyses were repeated for the urban and rural samples separately. Results : The participating rates in the first and second phases were 71.0%(N=1,134) and 83.2%(N=410), respectively. In the participants, the prevalence rates of dementia(all types), AD and VaD were 9.7%, 5.2% and 1.8%, respectively. The age-standardized prevalence rates were 10.7%, 5.7% and 1.9%, respectively. Aging, female gender and no education(complete lack of formal education) were identified as independent risk factors for AD. No difference between the urban and rural samples was observed in the prevalence rates of dementia(all types), AD and YaD. However, risk factors for AD differed between these areas. In the urban sample, no education was the only significant factor ; whereas, aging and female gender were identified as risk factors in the rural sample. Conclusion : A high prevalence rate of dementia was observed among old persons in metropolitan Kwangju, consistent with previous studies conducted in other Korean areas. The risk factor profi1es for AD differed between urban and rural settings. The results of this study reflect the current status of dementia in Korea and suggests that appropriate management and prevention strategies for dementia should be tailored toward the geographic settings.

공막돌륭술 시 돌륭의 위치 결정을 위한 새로운 공막누르개의 개발

Ji Yoon Kwak,Yun Taek Kim 한국망막학회 2018 Journal of Retina Vol.3 No.2

Purpose: To develop and characterize a new scleral depressor that can more accurately determine the location of a scleral buckle. Methods: A light source was added to the center of the compression area of a sickle-shaped depressor, which was then used in scleral buckling surgeries. After examining the inner side of the eyeball with an indirect ophthalmoscope, the center of the compressed region was verified using transillumination. Based on the location of the retinal break, the surgeon implanted the buckle at the compressed region. Six patients were treated with the new depressor. Results: During surgery, the new depressor accurately located the position of the retinal break on the scleral side. In the first patient, the center of the break was located at the top of the buckle because the posterior border of the break was not sufficiently protruded; therefore, intravitreal gas injection was performed after surgery. In the five remaining patients, the center of the buckle was located at the posterior border of the break. The retinas were well-flattened in all patients. Conclusions: The new depressor accurately identified the position of retinal break on the scleral side.

Medical Litigations Associated with Cataract Surgery in Korea

Kwak, Ji Yoon,Choi, Kyu-Ryong,Jun, Roo Min,Han, Kyung Eun KOREAN ACADEMY OF MEDICAL SCIENCE 2018 JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE Vol.33 No.27

<P><B>Background</B></P><P>To analyze the results of court rulings about medical litigations related to cataract surgery in Korea.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>We collected 50 anonymized judgements regarding cataract surgery between 2000 and 2016 and analyzed the reasons for the medical litigations, the court rulings, the reasons for compensation, and the amount claimed and finally awarded.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>Forty-eight litigations (96%) resulted from errors in treatment, and the reasons were as follows: endophthalmitis, dissatisfaction of visual outcome or ocular discomfort, bullous keratopathy or corneal opacity, retinal detachment, glaucoma or vitreous hemorrhage due to the progression of an underlying diabetic retinopathy, and others in order. Two litigations (4%) arose due to errors in diagnosis. Among the 50 final cases, 21 litigations (42%) were decided in favor of the plaintiff, and 29 litigations (58%) were decided against the plaintiff and dismissed. Ten cases awarded damages to the plaintiffs because of a violation of duty of care, and 11 cases awarded damages due to a violation of informed consent. When comparing cases with errors in diagnosis to cases with errors in treatment, there was no significant difference in the relative risk of a defendant's verdict (<I>P</I> = 0.503). The total amount of awarded damages was KRW 439,124,496 (USD 399,204), and the average amount was KRW 20,910,690 (USD 19,010).</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>Nearly half of the cases were decided in favor of the plaintiff due to the violation of informed consent. This study's results will be helpful in understanding the results of medical litigations regarding cataract surgery and reducing future lawsuits.</P>

Endoscopic Sclerotherapy for Bleeding from the Duodenal Third Portion Varices

( Ji Yoon Kwak ),( Hyeon-uk Kwon ),( Choi Jung Woo ),( Chang Min Lee ),( Chang Yoon Ha ),( Woon Tae Jung ),( Ok-jae Lee ),( Hyun Chin Cho ) 대한간학회 2021 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2021 No.1

Charge-trap-assisted flexible nonvolatile memory applications using oxide-semiconductor thin-film transistors

Yoon, Sung-Min,Yang, Ji-Hee,Kim, Hyeong-Rae,Jang, Hye-Won,Park, Min-Ji,Kim, So-Jung,Yun, Da-Jeong,Na, So-Yeong,Yoon, So-Jung,Son, Min-Tae,Ko, Seung-Bo,Kwak, Sol-Mi Institute of Pure and Applied Physics 2019 Japanese Journal of Applied Physics Vol.58 No.9

Propofol Post-conditioning Protects against COS-7 Cells in Hypoxia/reoxygenation Injury by Induction of Intracellular Autophagy

Kwak, Jin-Won,Kim, Eok-Nyun,Park, Bong-Soo,Kim, Yong-Ho,Kim, Yong-Deok,Yoon, Ji-Uk,Kim, Cheul-Hong,Yoon, Ji-Young The Korean Dental Society of Anesthsiology 2014 Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Vol.14 No.1

Background: Propofol (2.6-diisopropylphenol) is a widely used intravenous anesthetic agent for the induction and maintenance of anesthesia during surgeries and sedation for ICU patients. Propofol has a structural similarity to the endogenous antioxidant vitamin E and exhibits antioxidant activities.13) However, the mechanism of propofol on hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury has yet to be fully elucidated. We investigated how P-PostC influences the autophagy and cell death, a cellular damage occurring during the H/R injury. Methods: The groups were randomly divided into the following groups: Control: cells were incubated in normoxia (5% CO2, 21% O2, and 74% N2) without propofol treatment. H/R: cells were exposed to 24 h of hypoxia (5% CO2, 1% O2, and 94% N2) followed by 12 h of reoxygenation (5% CO2, 21% O2, and 74% N2). H/R + P-PostC: cells post-treated with propofol were exposed to 24 h of hypoxia followed by 12 h of reoxygenation. 3-MA + P-PostC: cells pretreated with 3-MA and post-treated propofol were exposed to 24 h of hypoxia followed by 12 h of reoxygenation Results: The results of our present study provides a new direction of research on mechanisms of propofol-mediated cytoprotection. There are three principal findings of these studies. First, the application of P-PostC at the onset of reoxygenation after hypoxia significantly increased COS-7 cell viability. Second, the cellular protective effect of P-PostC in H/R induced COS-7 cells was probably related to activation of intra-cellular autophagy. And third, the autophagy pathway inhibitor 3-MA blocked the protective effect of P-PostC on cell viability, suggesting a key role of autophagy in cellular protective effect of P-PostC. Conclusions: These data provided evidence that P-PostC reduced cell death in H/R model of COS-7 cells, which was in agreement with the protection by P-PostC demonstrated in isolated COS-7 cells exposed to H/R injury. Although the this study could not represent the protection by P-PostC in vivo, the data demonstrate another model in which endogenous mechanisms evoked by P-PostC protected the COS-7 cells exposed to H/R injury from cell death.

Propofol protects human keratinocytes from oxidative stress via autophagy expression

Yoon, Ji-Young,Jeon, Hyun-Ook,Kim, Eun-Jung,Kim, Cheul-Hong,Yoon, Ji-Uk,Park, Bong-Soo,Yu, Su-Bin,Kwak, Jin-Won The Korean Dental Society of Anesthsiology 2017 Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Vol.17 No.1

Background: The skin consists of tightly connected keratinocytes, and prevents extensive water loss while simultaneously protecting against the entry of microbial pathogens. Excessive cellular levels of reactive oxygen species can induce cell apoptosis and also damage skin integrity. Propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol) has antioxidant properties. In this study, we investigated how propofol influences intracellular autophagy and apoptotic cell death induced by oxidative stress in human keratinocytes. Method: The following groups were used for experimentation: control, cells were incubated under normoxia (5% $CO_2$, 21% $O_2$, and 74% $N_2$) without propofol; hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$), cells were exposed to $H_2O_2$ ($300{\mu}M$) for 2 h; propofol preconditioning (PPC)/$H_2O_2$, cells pretreated with propofol ($100{\mu}M$) for 2 h were exposed to $H_2O_2$; and 3-methyladenine $(3-MA)/PPC/H_2O_2$, cells pretreated with 3-MA (1 mM) for 1 h and propofol were exposed to $H_2O_2$. Cell viability, apoptosis, and migration capability were evaluated. Relation to autophagy was detected by western blot analysis. Results: Cell viability decreased significantly in the $H_2O_2$ group compared to that in the control group and was improved by propofol preconditioning. Propofol preconditioning effectively decreased $H_2O_2$-induced cell apoptosis and increased cell migration. However, pretreatment with 3-MA inhibited the protective effect of propofol on cell apoptosis. Autophagy was activated in the $PPC/H_2O_2$ group compared to that in the $H_2O_2$ group as demonstrated by western blot analysis and autophagosome staining. Conclusion: The results suggest that propofol preconditioning induces an endogenous cellular protective effect in human keratinocytes against oxidative stress through the activation of signaling pathways related to autophagy.

초정밀 가공을 위한 유동형 틸팅 지그 설계 및 구조 안정성 평가

곽지현(Ji-Hyeon Kwak),배원준(Won-Jun Bae),양원준(Won-Jun Yang),조효진(Hyo-Jin Cho),윤서현(Seo-Hyeon Yoon),곽재섭(Jae-Seob Kwak) 대한기계학회 2023 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2023 No.7

연구논문 : 발아 전후 현미유에서의 기능성 지질성분 변화

관지은 ( Ji Eun Kwak ),윤성원 ( Sung Won Yoon ),김대중 ( Dae Jung Kim ),윤미라 ( Mi Ra Yoon ),이정희 ( Jeong Heui Lee ),오세관 ( Sea Kwan Oh ),김인환 ( In Hwan Kim ),이준수 ( Jun Soo Lee ),이점식 ( Jeom Sig Lee ),장재기 ( Je Ki Ch 한국식품영양학회 2013 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.26 No.3

This study investigated the changes in the nutraceutical lipid components of brown rice oil after germination. Four different high-yielding cultivars (Dasan1, Segyejinmi, Hanareum1 and Hanareum2) of Korean brown rice were selected and brown rice oil was extracted from each cultivar before and after germination. Free fatty acid, squalene, policosanols, and isomers of phytosterol were analyzed using GC, and isomers of tocols (tocopherol and tocotrienol) and γ-oryzanol were quantified using HPLC from both brown rice oil (BRO) and germinated brown rice oil (GBRO). The contents of phytosterol isomers, campesterol, stigmasterol, and β-sitosterol were increased by 8.3%, 31.6%, 3.3% in GBRO, respectively. Furthermore, the squalene content showed the highest increase of up to 2.4 fold in GBRO compared to BRO. In addition, linoleic and linolenic acid composition increased whereas oleic and palmitic acid decreased in the GRBO. However, the contents of tocols (tocopherol and tocotrienol) in GBRO were lower than those in BRO, and there was no significant difference in policosanol and γ-oryzanol between GBRO and BRO. These results suggest that GBRO has the potential as a healthy and functional source due to its lipid profile on improved lipid metabolism.

백반증 환자들의 메디컬반영구화장 인식에 관한 연구

곽지윤(Ji-Yoon Kwak),김은수(Eun-Soo Kim) 사단법인 대한 문신사 중앙회 2022 한국반영구화장학회지 Vol.3 No.1

This study targets six adult men and women who covered their spots with medical semi-permanent makeup from May 17 to May 30, 2021, for a study on the perception of medical semi-permanentization of patients with vitiligo. The results of the comprehensive study are as follows. As a result of the study, the risk perception before and after recognizing semi-permanent makeup such as eyebrows, eyeliner, and lips, referring to photos before and after the procedure on SNS and searching for information on the Internet was not high. As a result of the study, 2. In terms of satisfaction after medical semi-permanent beauty treatment, 5 out of 6 subjects were satisfied with the white spot sign, and 1 complained. As a result of the study, 3. Regarding the perception before and after the medical semi-permanent makeup procedure, two out of six subjects recognized it as a medical practice, two responded with makeup, and the other two answered that they were doing makeup and medical practice. In addition, all six subjects responded that they were willing to recommend medical semi-permanent makeup to other patients with vitiligo. Therefore, this study said that qualitative research methods on the perception of medical semi-permanent makeup experienced and recognized by patients with vitiligo should be adopted and analyzed, and medical semi-permanent makeup should be expanded based on safety.