Separation of triethoxysilane from tetraethoxysilane by batch distillation in a packed column

Kyun Young Park,Yun Jae Lee,Hyeyun Jeong,Hoey Kyung Park,Tae Won Kang,Jungho Cho,Dong Sun Kim 한국화학공학회 2016 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.33 No.8

A batch distillation of a crude tetraethoxysilane containing 8mol% triethoxysilane was performed in a glass packed column, 2.54 cm in diameter and 1m in height. Two distillate rates, 3.0mL/min and 6.0mL/min, were used and the reflux ratio was varied up to 3.0. Experimental data were compared with predicted values by Pro/II, a process simulator widely used in the chemical industry. The differential condensation of the vapor in the packed column due to heat losses from the vapor to the column internals and to the surroundings affected the separation efficiency seriously so that a considerable discrepancy was observed between experimental data and prediction by Pro/II in which such heat-loss effects are unaccountable. A model was developed to explain the effect of the differential condensation. For a larger distillation unit scaled up by 100 times where the heat-loss effect is regarded to be minimal, Pro/II simulations were performed to produce 99.9% TEOS with varying reflux ratio, number of stage, and feed composition.

노인의 문화예술교육 공간 색채 분석

손혜연(HyeYun Son),박연선(YunSun Park),이진숙(JinSook Lee) 한국색채학회 2014 한국색채학회 논문집 Vol.28 No.2

우리 사회는 전체인구 중 고령인구의 비율이 지속적으로 증가하여 2018년에는 14.3%로 증가할 전망이다. 노인의 기대여명이 길어지고, 노년기의 삶이 예전과는 달리 은퇴 후 20여년 이상을 청 · 장년기와 같이 스스로 계획하는 삶으로 지속될 것으로 예상된다. 국가차원의 노인복지정책의 새로운 방향전환이 이루어지고 있으며 노인복지정책의 대상에서도 생활보호 및 저소득층 노인을 대상으로 하던 것이 일반노인까지 확대되는 보편적 서비스가 제공되고 있다. 따라서 지역사회에 거주하는 노인들을 위한 다양한 프로그램들이 종합적으로 제공될 수 있는 환경 시설개선이 요구된다. 이에 본 연구는 현재 우리나라의 총 89개소의 노인복지관 교육 공간 색채 현황을 파악하고, 각 공간의 구성 요소(천장, 벽, 바닥)별 총 206개의 색채분석을 실시하였다. 또한 공간의 기능적 요소에 따라 선별된 15개의 공간을 분석하였다. 연구결과, 교육공간의 색상/명도/채도의 색채 현황 분석 결과 주황(O), 노랑(Y), 연두(YG), 남색(bV)의 색상에 집중되어 있으며 천장은 고명도/저채도, 벽은 고명도/저채도로 집중되어 나타났지만, 중명도/저채도, 중명도/중채도의 색채는 포인트 색채로 적용된 것으로 분석된다. 바닥은 대부분 중명도/저채도로 주황(O), 노랑(Y), 연두(YG) 색상에 집중적으로 분포하고 있는 것으로 분석된다. 노인(종합)복지관의 교육 공간에서의 색채는 대부분 고명도/저채도, 중명도/저채도로 교육 환경의 용도나 목적에 따른 공간 환경을 계획한 것이 아닌 획일적인 색채가 적용된 것으로 나타났다. 또한 교육 공간의 천장, 벽, 바닥의 3가지 요소중에서 벽의 색채가 공간을 표현 할 때, 가장 많은 영향을 미치는 것으로 추측되며, 본 연구 결과는 노인의 문화예술교육 공간에 있어서 실내교육 공간 색채계획에 중요한 데이터로 활용 될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. The senior population in Korea is expected to increase continually, with 14.3% growth by 2018. With longer life expectancy than in the past, people are now required to make thorough plans for a life after retirement, which is predicted to last more than 20 years. There has been a shift in the direction of the senior welfare policy implemented by the central government; one of the changes is that universal senior welfare services are now being provided, with the scope of eligible beneficiaries being extended from seniors in low economic classes to the entire senior population. Accordingly, there is a need to improve the environment of the facilities, providing the diverse senior welfare programs and services in a comprehensive manner. This study was conducted to examine the colors used in the educational spaces of 89 senior welfare centers in Korea to analyze 206 colors used on the structural elements including the ceilings, walls and floors. In addition, 15 spaces selected according to the functional elements were analyzed. The results of the analyses of the colors, brightness and chroma(saturation) of the educational spaces showed that the colors were mostly Orange(O), Yellow(Y), Yellow Green(YG) and bluish-Violet(bV). The ceilings had high brightness and low chroma and the walls had low brightness and low chroma. while the colors with medium brightness and low chroma or medium brightness and medium chroma were used as highlight colors. The floors, on the other hand, mainly had medium brightness and low chroma with colors being mostly Orange(O), Yellow(Y) and Yellow Green(YG). The colors used in the educational spaces of senior welfare facilities mostly had a combination of high brightness and low chroma or medium brightness and low chroma; this showed that uniform colors were used instead of designing a spatial environment that suits the purpose of the educational environment. Moreover, of the three structural elements, which are the ceiling, walls and floor, it was the color of the wall that had the most significant impact on how the space was depicted. The results of this study are expected to serve as important data when selecting the colors for indoor art and cultural education spaces for seniors.

실버산업의 색채 디자인 활용을 위한 실버세대의 색채 선호도 연구

박연선(Park Yunsun),손혜연(Son Hyeyun) 한국색채학회 2012 한국색채학회 논문집 Vol.26 No.1

노인 인구는 우리나라 국가인구의 주요한 계층이 되어가고 있으며, 2003년 말 현재 우리나라 65세 이상 노인인구는 397만 명으로 전체인구의 8.3%를 차지하며 이미 고령화 사회로 접어들었고, 2019년에는 노인인구가 14%를 넘는 고령사회, 2026년에는 초고령 사회로 진입이 예상된다. 우리나라의 고령화 추세는 선진국에서처럼 오랜 기간 점진적 대응시간을 주지 않고 급속도로 진행되고 있다는데 문제가 있으며, 이제 개인적인 차원의 문제가 아닌 사회문제로 발전되고 있는 것이 현실이다. 이에 따른 실버 세대를 대상으로 실버 마케팅이 형성하게 되면, 관련 기업과 공공기관에서는 실버서비스가 확산되어 관련 산업이 활성화되게 된다. 따라서 본 연구는 실버산업의 색채 디자인을 조사·분석과 구체적 연구를 통하여 감성지향적인 고령자 층의 색채 선호도를 파악하고 배색을 제안하였다. 현황분석 결과 모든 분야에서 색채가 R/bV에 집중되어 사용자의 기호를 고려한 분야별 특징적인 마케팅 전략을 찾아보기 어려웠다. 반면 색채 선호도는 R, rP, Y, B순으로 선호되었고 vv, pl, lt톤에 집중적으로 분포되었다. 미래의 최고성장산업으로 주목하고 있는 실버산업이 선진국에서는 복지 국가의 새로운 방향 전환과 더불어 크게 발전하는 경향을 보이고 있으며, 국내에 독립된 주체로서 노년문화가 정착되는데 이 연구가 도움이 되리라 기대한다. The aged population is becoming a major class of the national population in Korea. Currently as of the end of 2003, the population of elders aged over 65 is 3,970,000, occupying 8.3% of the whole population that has already entered into the aging society. Moreover, Korea is expected to be an aged society where the aged population occupies 14% in 2019, and to be a superaged society in 2026. The aging trend in Korea is problematic in that it progresses rapidly without giving enough time to cope with the problem as in developed countries. Furthermore, aging is becoming a social issue, going beyond the individual dimension. In this situation, if silver marketing is promoted with targeting the silver generation, silver services will be expanded at relevant companies and public institutions and related industries will be activated. Thus, this study investigated and analyzed color designs in silver industries, and proposed color schemes based on the color preference of the aged class who are emotion?oriented. In the results of analyzing the current state, color concentrated on R, bV in all areas, and area specific marketing strategies in consideration of users’ taste were hardly found. On the contrary, color preference was high in order of R, rP, Y, B, and was distributed mainly in vv, pl, lt tones. Silver industries, which are spot lighted as future industries with the highest potential for growth, are developing rapidly with the government’s new directions toward a welfare state. In this situation, the results of this study are expected to be useful to promote silver culture in Korea as an independent domain.

문화예술교육 공간과 색채감성 평가에 관한 연구

손혜연(HyeYun Son),박연선(YunSun Park),이진숙(JinSook Lee),전창림(ChangLim Jun) 한국색채학회 2015 한국색채학회 논문집 Vol.29 No.2

본 연구에서는 문화예술교육 공간에서 색채가 주는 감성이 어떻게 나타나는지 1차적으로 분석하였으며, 2차적으로 문화예술교육 공간과 색채 감성 평가와의 관계에서 시니어세대의 문화예술경험이 색채 감성 평가에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 평가대상은 시니어세대의 문화예술교육이 이루어지고 있는 공간을 대상으로 하였으며, 기본색 15가지를 벽면에 적용하여 최적화하여 나타낸 이미지를 5점 척도로 평가하도록 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 교육실에서는 청록, 파랑, 보라, 분홍, 회색 5가지가 다른 공간과의 감성어휘 차이를 나타냈다. 컴퓨터실에서는 초록, 청록, 분홍, 하양 4가지가 다른 공간과의 감성어휘 차이를 나타냈다. 도서실에서는 청록, 보라, 자주 3가지가 다른 공간과의 감성어휘 차이를 나타냈다. 소강당에서는 빨강, 주황, 초록, 청록, 파랑, 보라, 분홍, 갈색, 하양, 회색 10가지가 다른 공간과의 감성어휘 차이를 나타냈다. 문화예술경험에 따른 감성은 컴퓨터실에서 가장 많은 차이를 나타났으며, 그 다음으로는 교육실, 소강당 순이었다. 문화예술을 경험한 집단과 그렇지 않은 집단은 컴퓨터실에서 19가지 감성어휘의 차이가 있었으며, 교육실에서는 4가지, 소강당에서는 2가지의 감성어휘가 차이를 나타냈다. 문화예술교육 공간의 문화예술경험에 따른 색채 감성어휘의 차이는 컴퓨터실>교육실>소강당 순임을 알 수 있다. 이는 실내 공간과 색채의 감성어휘가 공통적으로 나타나기도 하는 반면, 색채와 공간에 따라 감성의 차이가 있음을 알 수 있는 결과이다. 또한 문화예술을 경험한 집단과 그렇지 않은 집단은 특정 공간과 특정 색채에 반대의 감성을 나타내기도 하였다. This research primarily analyzes emotion as a manifestation of color in a cultural and artistic educational space, and secondarily the effect of the cultural artistic experience of the senior generation on the relationship between the cultural artistic educational space and assessment of color-evoked emotion. The subject of this research was the space in which cultural and artistic education of the senior generation took place. We demonstrated that certain colors were described in unique emotional terms in each space: the 5 colors of Blue Green, Blue, Purple, Pink, and Gray in the classroom; the four colors Green, Blue Green, Pink, and White in the computer room; the three colors Blue Green, Purple, and Red Purple in the library and reading room; and the ten colors Red, Yellow Red, Green, Blue Green, Blue, Purple, Pink, Brown, White, and Gray in the auditorium. Emotionality according to cultural artistic experience was most markedly different in the computer room, with 19 differences in emotional vocabulary, followed by the classroom and auditorium in that order, with 4 and 2 differences respectively. Therefore we can conclude that the in the order of the computer room > classroom > and auditorium. From this we may deduce that different spaces and different colors are associated with both common and divergent emotional vocabulary. We may also deduce that, for a specific color, the group of persons who have artistic and cultural experience express the opposite emotion from those without such experience.

Mediating Effects of Team Activity on the Relationship between Students` Centrality and Learning Achievement in Online Discussion-based Class

( Hanall Sung ),( Hyeyun Lee ),( Yeonjeong Park ),( Il-hyun Jo ) 한국교육공학회 2014 한국교육공학회 학술대회발표자료집 Vol.2014 No.2

This study analyzed mediating effects of team activity on the relationship between students`` centrality and learning outcome in team-based online discussion forum. By taking Social Network Analysis (SNA), overall interaction patterns and team activity were analyzed. Additionally, this study conducted multiple regression by inserting both in-degree and out-degree centrality in the prediction model for learning achievement. In-degree centrality had a significant (ß=.792, t=2.749, p < .01) correlation with final grades, whereas out-degree centrality did not predict final grades (ß=-.038, t=-.288, p > .05). Lastly, this research identified the mediating effect of team activity by utilizing a four step approach which Baron and Kenny (1986) proposed. Hence, this study discussed that instructors need to consider this mediating effect when analyze and evaluate discussion activity. Evaluating the learning achievement based on team discussion activity is still a challenge, however it is sufficiently worthy of overcome.

DEVELOPMENT IN EAST ASIA Policy Issues for Contributing ODA to Sustainable Development in Developing Countries: An Analysis of Korea’s ODA and Sri Lankan Practices

( Dayoung Lee ),( Hyeyun Park ),( Sun Kyoung Park ) 경남대학교 극동문제연구소 2018 ASIAN PERSPECTIVE Vol.42 No.4

In this study we analyze Korea’s official development assistance (ODA) projects in Sri Lanka to derive policy issues for sustainable development of developing countries. In a two-step process, we first propose improvements based on the results of ODA projects in Sri Lanka, and second derive policy issues for improvements proposed in the first step through a Delphi analysis of expert surveys. Improvements are summarized in four categories: enhancing environmental policies in developing countries through specialized ODA projects, enhancing public awareness of environmental issues through ODA projects that directly benefit citizens, increasing communication and cooperation between recipient and donor countries through jointly planned ODA projects, and implementing follow- up management of ODA projects. The results of the study not only can contribute to the effective implementation of future ODA projects but also can be used as basic data to examine when establishing national policies.

Regulation of adipogenic differentiation by LAR tyrosine phosphatase in human mesenchymal stem cells and 3T3-L1 preadipocytes.

Kim, Won-Kon,Jung, Hyeyun,Kim, Do-Hyung,Kim, Eun-Young,Chung, Jin-Woong,Cho, Yee-Sook,Park, Sung-Goo,Park, Byoung-Chul,Ko, Yong,Bae, Kwang-Hee,Lee, Sang-Chul Cambridge University Press 2009 Journal of cell science Vol.122 No.22

<P>Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent adult stem cells that can differentiate into a variety of mesodermal-lineage cells. MSCs have significant potential in tissue engineering and therapeutic applications; however, the low differentiation and proliferation efficiencies of these cells in the laboratory are fundamental obstacles to their therapeutic use, mainly owing to the lack of information on the detailed signal-transduction mechanisms of differentiation into distinct lineages. With the aid of protein-tyrosine-phosphatase profiling studies, we show that the expression of leukocyte common antigen related (LAR) tyrosine phosphatase is significantly decreased during the early adipogenic stages of MSCs. Knockdown of endogenous LAR induced a dramatic increase in adipogenic differentiation, whereas its overexpression led to decreased adipogenic differentiation in both 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and MSCs. LAR reduces tyrosine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor, in turn leading to decreased phosphorylation of the adaptor protein IRS-1 and its downstream molecule Akt (also known as PKB). We propose that LAR functions as a negative regulator of adipogenesis. Furthermore, our data support the possibility that LAR controls the balance between osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation. Overall, our findings contribute to the clarification of the mechanisms underlying LAR activity in the differentiation of MSCs and suggest that LAR is a candidate target protein for the control of stem-cell differentiation.</P>

Association of Resistance Training in addition to Moderate-to-vigorous Physical Activity with Sleep and Respiratory Symptoms in Male COPD Patients: A Nationwide Population-based Survey in South Korea

( Seokmin Hyun ),( Taeyun Kim ),( Hyeyun Park ),( Sunga Kong ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2023 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.136 No.0

신뢰의 측정

조기숙(Kisuk Cho),박혜윤(Hyeyun Park) 한국정치학회 2004 한국정치학회보 Vol.38 No.2

민주 정치제도의 정착을 위해 반드시 필요한 사회적 자본은 구체적 신뢰가 아니라 일반신뢰이다. 그 동안 한국인의 신뢰에 대한 설문조사연구는 한국을 일본, 미국과는 달리 저신뢰사회로 분류했던 후쿠야마의 주장을 뒷받침해 주고 있다. 그러나, 신뢰를 PD게임에서 협력율로 측정한 한 실험 연구는 한국의 신뢰수준이 미국이나 일본에 비해 결코 낮지 않다는 것을 발견했다. 본 연구는 설문조사와 실험의 연구결과가 차이가 나는 이유를 규명하기 위하여 새로운 실험과 설문조사를 동시에 사용한 결과, 일관되게 한국인의 신뢰가 미국에 비해서는 약간 낮지만 일본에 비해서는 낮지 않다는 사실을 발견했다. 그 동안 한국인의 신뢰가 낮게 나타난 이유 중의 하나는 일반신뢰를 측정하는 설문이 신뢰와 조심성을 구분하지 못함으로써 높은 조심성을 낮은 일반신뢰로 간주했기 때문이다. 또한 구체적 신뢰를 일반신뢰로 잘못 해석했기 때문이다. 본 연구결과 첫째, 한국에서 신뢰에 대한 개념적, 경험적 정의를 확고히 할 필요가 있음을 발견했다. 둘째, 일반신뢰에 대한 타당한 설문을 사용했을 때 한국인의 일반적 신뢰가 적어도 일본에 비해서는 낮지 않다는 것을 발견했다. 일반적 신뢰가 낮지 않다는 발견은 제도화나 정치인의 리더십에 의해 단 시일 내에 구체적인 신뢰를 높일 수 있는 문화적 토대가 마련되었다는 의미로 해석될 수 있다. 이는 한국 민주주의의 장래가 밝다는 것을 의미한다. “General trust”, which differs from “specific trust”, plays a crucial role in development of democracy. Many survey studies on trust in Korea have ccnfirmed Fukuyama’s assertion that trust level in Korea is lower than that of Japan and the U.S. However, an experimental study employing two-players prisoner’s dilemma game refuted this assertion. This study attempts to narrow down the gap between the results of experimental study and that of survey. This study discovered that low trust level in Korea found by the existing studies stemmed from the measurement problem. Previous survey questionnaires failed to distinguish trust from caution. Koreans have shown high level of caution rather than low level of trust. In addition, previous studies were confused of general trust with specific trust. We argue that 1) it is necessary to establish accurate concept of trust both conceptually and empirically; 2) the trust level of Korean society is not lower than that of Japan when it is measured with proper questionnaires. The results imply that the prospect for Korean democracy is bright since institutionalization and political leadership can enhance specific trust on the basis of substantial level of general trust.

RPTPμ tyrosine phosphatase promotes adipogenic differentiation via modulation of p120 catenin phosphorylation

Kim, Won Kon,Jung, Hyeyun,Kim, Eun Young,Kim, Do Hyung,Cho, Yee Sook,Park, Byoung Chul,Park, Sung Goo,Ko, Yong,Bae, Kwang-Hee,Lee, Sang Chul The American Society for Cell Biology 2011 Molecular biology of the cell Vol.22 No.24

<P>Adipocyte differentiation can be regulated by the combined activity of protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) and protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). In particular, PTPs act as key regulators in differentiation-associated signaling pathways. We recently found that receptor-type PTPμ (RPTPμ) expression is markedly increased during the adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and mesenchymal stem cells. Here, we investigate the functional roles of RPTPμ and the mechanism of its involvement in the regulation of signal transduction during adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells. Depletion of endogenous RPTPμ by RNA interference significantly inhibited adipogenic differentiation, whereas RPTPμ overexpression led to an increase in adipogenic differentiation. Ectopic expression of p120 catenin suppressed adipocyte differentiation, and the decrease in adipogenesis by p120 catenin was recovered by introducing RPTPμ. Moreover, RPTPμ induced a decrease in the cytoplasmic p120 catenin expression by reducing its tyrosine phosphorylation level, consequently leading to enhanced translocation of Glut-4 to the plasma membrane. On the basis of these results, we propose that RPTPμ acts as a positive regulator of adipogenesis by modulating the cytoplasmic p120 catenin level. Our data conclusively demonstrate that differentiation into adipocytes is controlled by RPTPμ, supporting the utility of RPTPμ and p120 catenin as novel target proteins for the treatment of obesity.</P>