석재산업체에서 발생하는 분진의 특성 및 저감방안에 관한 연구

민경원,진호일,신홍준,박진동 강원대학교 부설 석재복합신소재 제품연구센터 2004 석재연 논문집 Vol.9 No.-

석재 및 골재를 생산하는 석산사업장은 노천에서의 공정으로 발파, 파쇄, 선별, 운반과정에서, 석가공업체는 절삭 및 가공공정에서 주요한 공해요인으로서 분진이 발생한다. 국내에 분포하는 석·골재업체 중 석산에서 발생하는 분진의 평균농도가 약 3배 이상 높게 나타나며, 작업장의 위치별로는 발파를 위한 천공작업장 부근과 석판재를 절삭하는 갱쏘 작업장 부근에서 가장 높은 부유분진의 농도를 보였다. 채취한 강하 분진시료의 참비중은 전체적으로 2.46~2.72의 범위를 나타내었으며, 평균 입도는 11.6~116 ㎛의 범위를 보였다. 강하분진의 pH는 전체적으로 7.28~9.45의 범위값을 보여 약 알카리성 특징을 나타내었었고, 작열감량(loss on ignition; LOI)은 0.28~6.24 wt%의 범위를 보였으며, 강하분진의 화학조성은 광물조성에서와 같이 대상암석돌의 일반적인 화학조성과 유사한 특성을 나타내었다. 석산에서 부유분진이 대기로 확산되는 것을 억제하기 위하여는 분진의 발생을 최소화 할 수 있는 발파 설계법을 도입하고, 분진의 배출 방향을 통제하여 배출구 부근에서 집진장치나 방진망을 설치하면 효과가 있을 것이다. 석·골재 파쇄, 석가공, 운반 등 전 관정에서 분진의 발생과 확산을 억제하기 위하여 적절한 살수, 분진발생지점에서의 집진, 확산경로에 방진망의 설치 및 운반과정에서 제 규정 준수는 분진이 대기로 확산되는 것을 상당량 억제할 수 있을 것이다. Particulate matters, major pollutants discharged from rock quarries and stone manufacturing plants producing stones and aggregates, are originated in the processes of outdoor blasting, crushing, separation and transportation, and indoor cutting and processing. The average concentration of airborne dust from rock quarries is about three times higher than that from stone manufacturing plants, and drilling sites at rock quarries and gang saw areas show the highest concentration of airborne dust, respectively. Samples of fallen dust whose mineralogical and chemical compositions are related to parent rocks have true specific gravity of 2.46 to 2.72, average grain size of 11.6 to 116 ㎛, pH of 7.28 to 9.45 and LOI of 0.28 to 6.24wt%. A controlled blasting method should be adopted and dust collectors or dustproof nets in the course of dust dispersion will be effective to reduce emission and dispersion of airborne dust from rock quarries. Appropriate water spray, dust collection at dust emission points, dustproof nets, and speed limit of transportation vehicles are helpful schemes to mitigate emission and dispersion of airborne dust discharged in the processes of crushing, processing, transportation and etc. from stone and aggregate industries.

The Mildly Elevated Serum Bilirubin Level is Negatively Associated with the Incidence of End Stage Renal Disease in Patients with IgA Nephropathy

Chin, Ho Jun,Cho, Hyun Jin,Lee, Tae Woo,Na, Ki Young,Oh, Kook Hwan,Joo, Kwon Wook,Yoon, Hyung Jin,Kim, Yon-Su,Ahn, Curie,Han, Jin Suk,Kim, Suhnggwon,Jeon, En Sil,Jin, Dong Chan,Kim, Yong-Lim,Park, Sun The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences 2009 JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE Vol.24 No.suppl

<P>Oxidative stress plays various roles in the development and progression of IgA nephropathy, while bilirubin is known as a potent antioxidant. We therefore hypothesized that serum bilirubin would be associated with renal prognosis in IgA nephropathy. The study subjects comprised 1,458 adult patients with primary IgA nephropathy in Korea. We grouped patients according to the following quartile levels of bilirubin: <0.4 mg/dL (Q1), 0.4-0.5 mg/dL (Q2), 0.6-0.7 mg/dL (Q3), and >0.8 mg/dL (Q4). The outcome data were obtained from the Korean Registry of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Eighty patients (5.5%) contracted ESRD during a mean follow-up period of 44.9 months. The ESRD incidences were 10.7% in Q1, 8.2% in Q2, 2.8% in Q3, and 2.8% in Q4 (<I>p</I><0.001). The relative risk of ESRD compared to that in Q1 was 0.307 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.126-0.751) in Q3 and 0.315 (95% CI, 0.130-0.765) in Q4. The differences of ESRD incidence were greater in subgroups of males and of patients aged 35 yr or more, with serum albumin 4.0 g/dL or more, with normotension, with eGFR 60 mL/min/1.73 m<SUP>2</SUP> or more, and with proteinuria less then 3+ by dipstick test. In conclusion, higher bilirubin level was negatively associated with ESRD incidence in IgA nephropathy.</P>

Over-expression of Liver X Receptor-α(LXRα) by TO901317 Exaggerated the Production of Mesangial Matrix

( Ho Jun Chin ),( Yan Yan Fu ),( Young Rim Song ),( En Sung Lee ),( Yun Mi Lee ),( Seong Gyun Kim ),( Ki Young Na ),( Suhng Gwon Kim ),( Dong Wan Chae ) 대한신장학회 2010 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.29 No.2

Purpose: To provide the insight into the role of LXR on the progression of diabetic nephropathy, we α measured the production of extracellular matrix in the cultured mesangial cells treated with the LXR agonist. Methods: With the mesangial cells extracted from C57BL6 mice, we cultured them in the presence of 25mM glucose with or without TO901317, an agonist of LXR. We transfected siRNAs of SREBP1 α and LXR into the mesangial cell to suppress the activity of the two genes. α Results: TO901317 increased expressions of LXR, SREBP-1, TGF-1, and collagen IV and triglyce α β-ride amount in mesangial cells cultured in 25mM glucose. These effects of TO901317 were attenuated by inhibiting transcription of LXR or SREBP-1 with transfection of siRNAs. In mesangial cells trans α-fected with siRNA of SREBP-1, changes by TO901317 were attenuated regardless of increased expression of LXR. That suggested the activation of SREBP-1, an downstream gene of LXR, would α α be more important to induce changes in mesangial cells by TO901317. Conclusion: The TO901317, an agonist of LXR, increases extracellular matrix, collagen IV, and TGF α-1 production in cultured mesangial cells. The SREBP-1 as well as dyslipidemia in mesangial cells β enhanced by LXR agonist would be the important mechanism to induce those changes.

Renal function and decline in functional capacity in older adults

Chin, Ho Jun,Ahn, Shin Young,Ryu, Jiwon,Kim, Sejoong,Na, Ki Young,Kim, Ki Woong,Chae, Dong-Wan,Kim, Cheol-Ho,Kim, Kwang-il Oxford University Press 2014 Age and ageing Vol.43 No.6

<P><B>Background:</B> longitudinal relationship between renal function, disability and mortality has not been evaluated.</P><P><B>Objective</B> we investigated the temporal association between renal function and disability, and aimed to identify the influence of disability on mortality according to renal function in a cohort of older Koreans.</P><P><B>Design/setting:</B> Korean Longitudinal Study on Health and Aging is a prospective, population-based cohort.</P><P><B>Subjects:</B> community-dwelling Koreans ≥65 years of age.</P><P><B>Main outcome measures:</B> Korean version of activities of daily living (ADL), Instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) and all-cause mortality.</P><P><B>Results:</B> a total of 984 participants were followed for 5 years with a 70.9% participation rate. The participants were categorized into three groups according to their baseline estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFRs) (Group I, ≥60; Group II, 45–59; and Group III, <45 ml/min/1.73 m<SUP>2</SUP>). Baseline eGFR was higher in participants who maintained functional status compared with participants who died or had disability at follow-up examination. The incidence of ADL/IADL decline was 13, 12.5 and 29.5% in participants who showed improvement, no change, and decline in renal function, respectively (<I>P</I> = 0.01). The hazard ratio for mortality in the subgroup with IADL disability was 1.87 (95% CI: 1.10–3.20, <I>P</I> = 0.022) in Group I, and 2.53 (95% CI: 1.57–4.09, <I>P</I><0.001) in Groups II and III after adjustment.</P><P><B>Conclusions:</B> impaired renal function was related to disability and ADL/IADL decline. The effect of ADL/IADL disability on mortality was more prominent in participants with impaired eGFR.</P>

종설 : 노인 말기신부전 환자의 치료결정

진호준 ( Ho Jun Chin ) 대한내과학회 2013 대한내과학회지 Vol.85 No.1

Elderly population is growing in Korea along with increase in the prevalence of chronic diseases, such as chronic kidney disease. The proportion of elderly population aged 65 years or more among patients with incident end stage renal disease (ESRD) is increasing and has reached to 35.8% in 2011. Functional independence should be considered for management of elderly population with chronic disease because it is related to patient`s quality of life and mortality. However, functional disability in the elderly is increasing with progression of renal dysfunction and initiation of dialysis. The renal replacement therapy could not make the elderly patients with ESRD avoid of functional disability and mortality. Considering that the mortality of the elderly with ESRD is dependent on the baseline co-morbid conditions and functional disability, the nephrologists and the geriatricians need to propose the proper guidelilnes for management of the elderly patients with ESRD in near future. (Korean J Med 2013;85:29-32)

임상신질환 : 국내 7개 대도시에서 만성 콩팥병의 유병률과 위험인자

진호준 ( Ho Jun Chin ),김연수 ( Yon Su Kim ),김성권 ( Suhng Gwon Kim ) 대한신장학회 2008 춘계학술대회 초록집 Vol.28 No.1

특집-만성 콩팥병, 적극적 치료가 필요하다 : 우리나라의 만성 콩팥병

진호준 ( Ho Jun Chin ),김성권 ( Suhng Gwon Kim ) 대한내과학회 2009 대한내과학회지 Vol.76 No.5

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important problem worldwide. CKD is defined as either a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 body surface area (BSA) or the presence of kidney damage, most commonly assessed by the presence of albuminuria for at least three consecutive months. In Korea, the reported overall prevalence of CKD is 13.7%, and the prevalence of CKD according to stage is 2.0, 6.7, 4.8, 0.2, and 0.0% for stages 1 to 5, respectively. This review emphasizes the importance of awareness, making an early diagnosis, and an appropriate management strategy for CKD. (Korean J Med 76:511-514, 2009)

The Omacor(r), the Combination of DHA and EPA, Decreases the Proteinuria and the Mesangial Area in the Type 2 Diabetic db/db Mice

진호준 ( Ho Jun Chin ),이은성 ( En Sung Lee ),이윤미 ( Yun Mi Lee ),푸얀얀 ( Yan Yan Fu ),송영림 ( Young Rim Song ),유선진 ( Sun Jin You ),나기영 ( Ki Young Na ),채동완 ( Dong Wan Chae ),김성권 ( Suhng Gwon Kim ) 대한신장학회 2008 춘계학술대회 초록집 Vol.28 No.1

혈중 요산 농도가 IgA 신병증의 진행에 미치는 연구

진호준 ( Ho Jun Chin ),나기영 ( Ki Young Na ),정해일 ( Hae Il Cheong ),김연수 ( Yon Su Kim ),김성권 ( Suhng Gwon Kim ),채동완 ( Dong Wan Chae ) 대한신장학회 2007 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.26 No.2

목적: 요산은 고혈압의 발병원인으로 거론되고 있으며 신질환에서 고혈압과 신 동맥 병변을 유발하여 신기능 악화에 관여하는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 IgA 신병증에서 가능한 교란 변수 효과를 배제하여 요산의 신기능 악화인자 역할을 조사하고 그 병리 기전으로 요산과 고혈압 및 신동맥 병변과의 관련성을 조사하였다. 방법: 신조직 검사에서 확진을 받은 서울대학교 병원의 IgA 신병증 환자 172명을 대상으로 하였다. 신기능 악화 기준은 추적 도중 혈청 크레아티닌이 신 조직 검사 당시 혈청 크레아티닌의 2배 이상 증가하는 경우로 정하였다. 고요산군은 정상인 혈청 요산 수치의 4사분위에 해당되는 요산 수치를 가진 환자군으로 정하였다. 결과: IgA 신병증에서 혈중 요산 수치는 간질 섬유화, 세뇨관 위축, 세동맥 경화의 존재와 관련이 있었고, 추적 전후 혈압의 변동과는 무관하였다. 고요산군은 다변량 분석에서 IgA 신병증의 신기능 악화에 대한 위험인자 이었다. 고혈압, 사구체 여과율, 병리 소견으로 세분하여 분석한 결과 고요산군은 고혈압 유무와 세동맥 경화 유무에 관련없이 신병증의 예후를 결정하는 독립적인 인자이었고, 사구체 여과율이 60mL/min/1.73m2 이상인 환자군에서도 예후 인자로 분석되었다. 결론: IgA 신병증에서 고요산혈증은 신 동맥 병변과 신기능 악화와 관련이 있었다. Purpose: Many evidences about hyperuricemia as a risk factor to hypertension and renal progression in kidney diseases have been reported. We have analyzed the impact of uric acid on renal progression of IgA nephropathy while getting rid of possible confounding variables and revealed the possible pathophysiology of uric acid in terms of hypertension or renal vasculopathy provoked by uric acid. Methods: We selected 172 patients with IgA nephropathy diagnosed by renal biopsy at Seoul National University Hospital. We adapted the criteria of renal progression as the final value of serum creatinine increased more then twice compared to the value at renal biopsy. Results: Serum uric acid was correlated with the severity of interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy and the presence of artherosclerosis. The incidence of hypertension during follow-up period was not different between low uric acid group and high uric acid group. The high uric acid level was an independent risk factor to renal progression in IgA nephropathy with multivariate analysis regardless of the presence of hypertension or artherosclerosis of renal pathologic finding. The high uric acid level was also a risk factor to renal progression in patients with estimated GFR more than 60 mL/min/1.73m2. Conclusion: Serum uric acid was related to the presence of artherosclerosis and the renal progression of IgA nephropathy.

건강검진을 받은 대상에서 만성 신질환의 빈도와 관련 이상

진호준 ( Ho Jun Chin ),오국환 ( Kook Hwan Oh ),오윤규 ( Yoon Kyu Oh ),나기영 ( Ki Young Na ),주권욱 ( Kwon Wook Joo ),임춘수 ( Chun Soo Lim ),김연수 ( Yon Su Kim ),채동완 ( Dong Wan Chae ),안규리 ( Cu Rie Ahn ),한진석 ( Jin Suk Ha 대한신장학회 2007 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.26 No.2

목적: 말기 신부전을 포함한 만성 신질환은 세계적으로 지속적으로 증가하고 있으며 사회적인 의료 부담을 증가시키고 있으나 국내에서는 만성 신질환에 대한 대규모 역학조사 결과가 없는 실정이다. 방법: 분당서울대학교 병원에서 최근 2년간 건강검진을 받은 18세 이상의 14,856명을 대상군으로 정하였다. 미국신장협회의 만성 신질환 진단기준을 이용하였으며 사구체 여과율은 수정된 MDRD 공식으로 계산하였다. 결과: 대상군의 평균 사구체 여과율은 83.3 mL/min/1.73 m2이었으며 연령이 10년 증가할 때마다 5.0 mL/min/1.73 m2씩 감소하였다. 만성 신질환 1기에 해당되는 대상군은 3.2% 이었고 2기와 3기 이상인 군은 각각 9.4%와 3.5%이었다. 만성 신질환의 빈도는 고혈압 혹은 당뇨가 있는 군에서 없는 군보다 많았다. 만성 신질환과 연관된 고혈압, 심혈관계 질환 병력, 고요산혈증, 고칼륨혈증, 고인산혈증과 고중성지방혈증은 사구체 여과율이 정상인 만성 신질환인 경우에서도 그 빈도가 신질환이 없는 군에 비하여 높았다. 만성 신질환을 가진 대상군에서 만성 신질환을 인지하고 있었던 경우는 6.3%이었으며, 혈압과 혈당이 비신질환자에 비하여 적절하게 조절되는 비율이 낮았다. 결론: 건강검진을 받은 대상자들에서 만성 신질환과 유관 질환은 의미있게 높게 조사되었으나 신질환에 대한 인지도와 적절한 혈압과 혈당이 유지되는 비율이 비신질환자에 비하여 낮았다. Purpose: The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing in Korea. Considerable resources have been consumed for patients with CKD. This study investigated the prevalence, the associated disorders, and the awareness of CKD and the current status of appropriate control for blood pressure and blood sugar in subjects with CKD. Methods: We included 14,856 subjects who underwent a health check-up in Seoul National University Bundang Hospital during the last 2 years. We selected K/DOQI guideline of CKD. We used the modified MDRD equation to estimate the glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Results: The mean eGFR was 83.3 mL/min/1.73m2 and it decreased with aging at the rate of 5 (mL/min/1.73m2)/10 years. The prevalences of CKD stage 1, stage 2, and stage more than 3 were 3.2%, 9.4%, and 3.5%, respectively. The prevalence of CKD was higher in subjects with hypertension or diabetes mellitus than in subjects without it. The CKD was associated with disorders of hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, hyperuricemia, hyperphosphatenemia, hyperkalemia, and hypertriglyceridemia. The prevalence of reported kidney disease was only 6.5% in subjects with eGFR less than 60 mL/min/1.73m2. The frequency of adequate control of blood pressure and blood sugar in subjects with CKD was lower than in subjects without CKD. Conclusion: The subjects were rarely aware of CKD whereas the frequencies of CKD and the associated diseases were considerably high. We have to pay more attention to diagnose and treat the CKD.