소아치과 영역에서 러버댐의 다양한 임상적 적용에 대한 증례보고

김종범,김종철,이성혁,장기택 大韓小兒齒科學會 1997 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.24 No.3

Usage of the rubber dam has been advocated by countless number of dentists. The advantages of the rubber dam such as the following are well-known 1. Moisture control. 2. Improved field of vision. 3. Ease of approach. 4. Soft tissue retraction and Injury prevention. 5. Prevention of aspiration of materials or instruments. 6. Shortened chair time. 7. Induction of nasal breathing during administration of N₂O-O₂sedation. Recent reports indicate the rubber dam can protect the dental staffs from the infection when treating HBV or HIV positive patients. Also, impreved moisture control and freeing of both handes allowed by the rubber dam makes it very useful when bonding orthodontic brackets. This case study presents the various clinial application of the rubber dam on patients visiting SNUDH dept. of pediatric dentistry to emphasize the importance of its use in pediatric dentistry.

유치열에서 Chlorhexidine Varnish와 Polyurethane Sealant의 Streptococcus mutans억제 효과에 대한 연구

이성혁,장기택,김종철 大韓小兒齒科學會 1998 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.25 No.1

Numerous chemical agents have been developed to reduce the activity of cariogenic bacteria. Of these, chlorhexidine is acknowledged as the most effective. Gel and mouthrinse have been the traditional method of its application in the mouth. It has been reported that chlorhexidine varnish has prolonged inhibitory effect on the number of streptococcus mutans in saliva and plaque. Recently, chlorhexidine varnish and polyurethane sealant have been developed to promote prolonged anticariogenic effect of chlorhexidine. Products containing 10% chlorhexidine varnish and polyurethane sealant have been developed to prevent caries by reducing the number of streptococcus mutans in the oral cavity. The purpose of this study is to investigate the inhibitory effect of chlorhixidine varnish and polyurethane sealant on streptococcus mutans in the primary dentition. Children with primary dentition containing no active carious lesion were divided into two groups. To the experimental group(n=11), chlorhexidine varnish and polyurethane sealant ( Chlorzoin , Knowell Therapeutic Technologies, Inc. Canada.) was applied once a week for four weeks according to the manufacturer's instruction. Only oral prophylaxis was performed on the control group(n=7). Cariesactivity was measured after using Chlorzoin SM(Knowell Therapeutic Technologies, Inc. Canada.) to incubate streptococcus mutans before and 5, 12, 24 weeks after initial varnish application. The following results were observed.: 1. There was statistically significant decrease in the number of streptococcus mutans in the experimental group for 5 weeks(P<0.01), 12 weeks(P<0.05) after the initial application. but, by 24 weeks significant difference had disappeared. 2. As the inhibitory effect of chlorhexidine varnish and polyurethane sealant application is not everlastion, reapplication at 12-24 weeks should be needed.

Against Ambiguity Hypothesis on Number: Evidence from Reflexives

( Chong Hyuck Kim ) 대한언어학회 2014 언어학 Vol.22 No.3

This paper examines number marking patterns of Korean reflexives and their interpretations. Korean reflexives can be grouped into two categories based on whether they contain a pronoun; pronoun-containing reflexives and pronoun-lacking reflexives. Pronoun-containing reflexives such as ku-casin ‘3-self’ and ku-casin-tul ‘3-self-Pl’ require their antecedents to match their number features, on a par with English reflexives, e.g., himself/themselves. Interestingly, however, the pronoun-lacking reflexive caki(casin) ‘self(self)’, which appears to be singular in its form, can have either singular or plural nominals as its antecedents. What is more, caki(casin) exceptionally induces distributivity on a plural antecedent, as noted by Huang (2001) for the Chinese reflexive ziji ‘self’. Complicating the picture is another fact that plural marking on caki(casin), i.e., caki(casin)-tul ‘self(self)-Pl’, removes the exceptional distributivity inducing property of caki(casin). I show that the peculiar number marking patterns of the Korean reflexives serve as a testing ground for two opposing views on optional plural marking suggested in the literature. I claim that the number marking patterns of the Korean reflexives argue against what is often called Ambiguity Hypothesis but follow from what can be called Optional NumP Hypothesis couched within the number marking system developed by Kim (2005).

Number marking in Colloquial Singapore English

( Chong Hyuck Kim ),( Qi Zhong Chang ),( Le Slie Lee ) 서울대학교 인지과학연구소 2009 Journal of Cognitive Science Vol.10 No.2

Number marking in Colloquial Singapore English (CSE) has often been described as sporadic or random. This description stems from the fact that plural marking is largely optional in CSE, combined with a lack of precise characterization of its optionality. We show that CSE number marking is not random but systematic; plural marking is obligatory on a noun that occurs with a number-neutral determiner in Determiner+Noun sequence, and optional elsewhere. We propose a principle called Avoid Ambiguity Principle and derive the optional but not-so-optional nature of CSE number marking from an interaction between the principle and the structure of a nominal expression. Unlike CSE, English displays obligatory number marking. We argue that this is a result of the two languages differing in two respects-(i) English always projects D, whereas CSE does so optionally; (ii) English D comes with unvalued [αpl], whereas CSE D comes with valued [+/-pl]. These language-specific parameters, coupled with the Avoid Ambiguity Principle, capture the differences between the two languages. Under our analysis, English transformed to CSE by a parameter resetting in category D when it came to Singapore.

On the Correlation of Form and Meaning : in The Soote Season and The Snow Storm

Kim, Chong-Hyuck 전주교육대학교 1995 論文集 Vol.32 No.-

한편의 시나 소설을 해석하는 방법에는 여러 가지가 있다. 예를 들어, 작가의 인생에 초점을 맞추어 한 작품을 해석할 수도 있고 작품 속의 단어들의 의미를 통해 접근할 수도 있고 작가의 믿음에 바탕을 두어 접근할 수도 있다. 실제로 문학작품에 대한 이러한 시도는 상당한 수에 이르고 있고 어느 정도는 일반적인 것이 되었다고 해도 과언이 아닐 것이다. 그러나 필자가 본 논문에서 시도하려고 하는 방법인 구문론 적인 해석방법은 필자가 아는 한 전무하다. 따라서 필자는 본 논문에서 시작품에 대한 구문론 적인 해석을 시도함으로써 한 작품의 구문론 적인 요소가 그 시의 의미에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가를 알아보고자 한다. 이러한 목적을 위해 일반적으로 자연시로 분류될 수 있는 두 편의 시인 The Soote Season 과 The Snow Storm을 선택했다. 많은 공통점을 지니고 있는 이 두 시의 다른 점은 하나는 차분한 봄의 자연현상에 대한 것이고 다른 하나는 예측할 수 없는 한 겨울의 눈보라에 관한 내용이라는 점이다. 이러한 의미차이를 부각시키기 위해 어떠한 구문론 적인 방법이 사용되었는가 알아본 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. The Soote Season에서는 봄의 평화로운 분위기를 부각시키기 위해 다음과 같이 정형적인 규칙을 사용하고 있다. 1. 모든 문장이 주어를 가지고 있다. 2. 시의 첫 단락에서 전치사구를 명사구 앞으로 이동함으로써 모든 문장의 구조를 3행의 구조와 동일하도록 구성하였다. 3. 시의 두 번째 단락에서 첫 번째 문장과 마지막 문장이 동일한 구조를 지니고 있다. 4. 시의 두 번째 단락에서 첫 번째 문장과 마지막 문장사이에 이동규칙이 한 문장씩 건너서 규칙적으로 적용되었다. 5. 시가 동일한 구조를 가진 두개의 문장으로 끝난다. 이와는 반대로 The Snow Storm에서는 예측할 수 없는 눈보라의 현상을 나타내기 위해 다음과 같은 비정형적인 규칙을 사용하고 있다. 1. 이동규칙이 아무런 통일성 없이 사용되었다. 2. 문장들을 연결해주는 규칙인 연결사들이 다양하게 통일성 없이 사용되었다. 3. 마지막문장에서 동사가 불규칙적으로 사용되었다. 이상에서 알아본 바와 같이 The Soote Season에서는 규칙적인 봄의 자연현상을 나타내기 위해 규칙적인 구문규칙을 사용하고 The Snow Storm에서는 예측할 수 없는 자연현상인 눈보라를 나타내기 위해 예측할 수 없는 구문규칙을 사용함으로써 작품의 의미를 구문론 적인 요소를 통해 부각시키고 있다. 이러한 구문론 적인 해석 없이는 한 작품의 전체적인 감상이 불가능 한 것인만큼 이러한 연구가 지속되기를 기대한다.

Discourse Particles

Kim, Chong-Hyuck 신영어영문학회 2014 신영어영문학 Vol.59 No.-

The term ‘discourse particle’ has been used to mean different things by different people, often used as a synonym to ‘discourse marker’. This casts doubt on whether it is feasible to single out a well-defined set of lexical items with the term. This paper aims to dispel the doubt and establish ‘discourse particle’ as a grammatical category by identifying its characteristic properties and providing explanations for them. Drawing upon data from Colloquial Singapore English, we identify six properties of discourse particles - monomorphemicity, occurrence at sentence peripheral position, lack of propositional content, unreportability, unembeddability, and inability to link propositions from the same discourse participant - and derive the properties with a proposal that treats a discourse particle as a functional category named Speech Act. Speech Act is defined as a lexical head that projects its projection at the outermost position of a sentence structure and that comes with pragmatic roles such as SPEAKER, ADDRESSEE, and AUTHORITY.

Reflexivity and Anti-locality in Tamil

( Chong Hyuck Kim ) 대한언어학회 2012 언어학 Vol.20 No.3

Kim, Chonghyuck, 2012, Reflexivity and Anti-locality in Tamil, The Linguistic Association of Korean Journal, 20(3), 59-71, Reinhart and Reuland (1993) divide anaphors into two types-SE-anaphors and SELF anaphors-based on their ability to reflexivize the predicates that they are arguments of. Lidz (1995, 2001a) presents anaphors from Kannada, a Dravidian language, as a clear case of evidence for Reinhart and Reuland`s SE/SELF distinction, In this paper, I examine anaphors of Tamil, another Dravidian language, and show, contra Lidz, that they do not support but in fact falsify the SE/SELF distinction. The same conclusion is drawn for Kannada anaphors.

Classifiers and Plural Marking are Not Mutually Exclusive

Chong Hyuck Kim 대한언어학회 2013 언어학 Vol.21 No.1

The Linguistic Association of Korea Journal, 21(1), 29-45. Chierchia(1998) develops an influential semantic theory called Nominal Mappong Parameter, which predicts that a language with a generalized classifier system does not have plural making. He claims that common nouns in classifier languages do not differentiate singular entities from plural entities in the syntax just like English mass nouns and, as such, they are bound to have obligatory classifier systems and no plural making. In this article, I argue against Cheirchia‘s view and claim that a generalized classifier system in a language should not be taken to show that the language has a mass lexicon. My argument is based on data drawn from Korean in which a generalized classifer system coexists with fairly productive plural marking.

복수일치사 ‘-들’ 에 관한 재고

김종혁 ( Chong-hyuck Kim ) 대한영어영문학회 1996 영어영문학연구 Vol.21 No.2

This paper attempts to explain linguistic facts related to '-tul' in Korean which has been assumed to be a plural agreement marker since Song(1975). ’-tul’ in Korean shows very different facts from that of other languages. First, it can be suffixed to the words of various category. Second, when it is suffixed to direct object, it can agree either with subject or object, or both, depending on the feature composition of antecedent. Kuh(1987) and Kim(1995) tried to explain these facts within GPSG and LFG frameworks respectively. However, I propose that ‘-tul’ in Korean is not a plural marker but a shortened form of reflexive pronoun, 'modutul’ with feature composition 〔+animate, +concrete〕, which is used for emphasis. Since ‘-tul’ is a bound morpheme when 'modu' is deleted from 'modutul', it must be suffixed to the following words of any category. This assumption explains the ubiquitous nature of ‘-tul’. And, also, the fact that when ’-tul’ is suffixed to direct object, it can agree either with subject or object, or with both depending on the feature composition of the antecedent follows naturally from the assumption that ‘-tul’ is a reflexive pronoun used for emphasis having the feature composition 〔+animate, +concrete〕.

On the Distribution of Ownself in Singapore English

김종혁 ( Chong Hyuck Kim ),( Zechy Wong ) 대한언어학회 2015 언어학 Vol.23 No.4

Singapore English, a variety of English born out of intense contact with other local languages, has a unique self-expression in its lexicon - ownself. This self-expression displays partial convergence with its believed source, Chinese ziji: Like ziji, ownself can appear in a non-argument position, where it performs all of ziji``s emphatic functions. Unlike ziji, however, ownself cannot appear in an argument position. This partial convergence presents an apparent problem for substratist theories of creole genesis in contact linguistics (e.g. Lefebvre 1998; Bao 2005), because the theories predict full syntactic and semantic convergence between ownself and ziji. In this article, we resolve this problem by analysing the peculiar distribution of ownself as a consequence of grammatical competition between lexical items with overlapping distributions; ownself enters into competition with other self-expressions (e.g., himself) in argument position, and loses out in the process. In recent years, competition has been claimed to play a key role in the creation of new grammatical features in contact situations (Mufwene 2003, 2005; Aboh 2009), but the mechanics of such competition have largely remained elusive. Our analysis, to the extent that it is successful, can be construed as one specific way in which competition influences the creation of a new linguistic feature.