작업환경측정이 작업환경개선에 미치는 효과

함정오,안규동,황규윤,이병국,이성수,정두신 가톨릭대학산업의학센타 산업의학연구소 1992 韓國의 産業醫學 Vol.31 No.3

To investigate the effect of environmental measurement on the improvement of working condition in small and medium sized industries and to evaluate the usefulness of this measurement which is covered by Occupational Safety and Health Act for the protection of workers from hazardous working condition, authors selected 107 small and medium sized manufacturing industries mainly from Chunan area and partly from lead using industries which were in special contract of agent specific occupational health service with Institute of Industrial Medicine, Soonchunhyang University. Environmental measurements were provided twice in interval of 6 months to study industries. At the end of second measurement questionnaires were collected to check the usefulness of this measurement for the workers and industries itself. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Out of 107 manufacturing industries, the most frequently measured index of harmful agent in environmental measurement was noise, and the next indices were dust, organic solvents and special chemicals in descending order. While the excess rates of measurement over Permissible Exposure Level(PEL) in the first measurement were 19.3% in noise, 22.8% in dust, 14.3% I organic solvents and 20.3% in special chemicals measurement, those in second measurement were 26.0% in noise, 14.7% in dust, 10.0% in organic solvents and 29.5% in special chemicals measurement, respectively. 2. The supply rate of protective equipment and the labeling condition of health and safety poster in the later period of study were improved than early period. 3. Most persons in charge of health and safety management(97.2%) had engaged in other administrative works and only 2.8% of study industries had independent occupational safety and health personnels who engaged only in health and safety of workers. 4. The purpose of environmental measurement answered by the eligible of persons each industries was to report at the regional office of labor affair. Only 7 out of 107 industries answered that their measurements were for the real improvement of working condition and 3 industries for the fulfilment of requirement of trade union. 5. While 86.0% in industries (92/107) felt the report of environmental measurement was helpful to set up protective equipment program to prevent workers from harmful condition, 66.4% in industries answered that it was useful for the establishment of health education program. The measurement of environmental conditions were also useful for the installation of ventilatory system of workplace, for the isolation of work process and for the improvement of work process. But 8.4% in industries answered that it was not useful at all.

남성 근로자의 건강관련 행태와 건강수준과의 관련성

함정오,김화성,이성수,우극현,안규동,이병국 순천향대학교 산업의학연구소 2001 순천향산업의학 Vol.7 No.1

This study was conducted to evaluate the health related behaviors associated with blood pressure, results of liver function and renal function, and anemia indices. Study subjects were 499 male workers who visited to General Health Screening Center of A hospital located in Chonan. Data were collected from March to December 1996. By the questionnaire, the informations of health related behaviors such as, age, smoking and drinking habits, food intake habit, sleeping time, stress were obtained. Height, weight and blood pressure were measured by a trained nurse. The level of total Cholesterol, HDL Cholesterol, triglyceride, fasting blood sugar, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase(GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), r-glutamyl transferase(rGTP), blood urea nitrogen(BUN), serum creatinine(Cr), hemoglobin(Hb), hematocrit(Hct), hepatitis B surface antigen were selected as biometric test variables. Statistical analysis, such as t-test, Chi square-test, stepwise multiple regression, multiple logistic regression were performed using SAS package program. There were significant differences in age, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, GOT, GGT, BUN, Hb, and Hct between drinkers and non-drinkers, and significant differences in age, body mass index(BMI), systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, rGTP, BUN, and Hb between smokers and non-smokers . Triglyceride, age, BMI, and HDL cholesterol were found to be positivc independent predictors of blood pressure, but drinking habit(mild drinking group vs. non-drinking group) and pack-year of smoking were negative predictors of blood pressure. Logistic analysis of systolic hypertensive related condition indicated that triglyceride(OR=1.003, 95% CI; 1.000-1.006), total cholesterol(OR=1.008, 95% CI; 1.000-1.016), and pack-years of smoking (OR=0.972, 95% CI; 0.952-0.994) were significantly contribution to dependent variable, Logistic analysis of diastolic hypertensive related condition revealed that age3(≥50 years vs. <40 years) (OR=4.702 (95% CI; 1.919-11.521), age2(40-49 years vs. <40 years) (OR=4.702 (955 CI; 1.919-11.521), triglyceride (OR=1.005, 95% CI; 1.002-1.008), pack-years of smoking(OR=0.972, 95% CI; 0.951-0.993), and meal regularity (yes vs. no) (OR=0.618, 95% CI; 0.383-0.991) were significantly contribution to dependent variable. Triglyceride, total cholesterol, fasting blood sugar, and animal food intake(yea vs. no) were found to be positive independent predictors to BMI, but HDL and stress(yes vs. no) were negative predictors. Logistic analysis of abnormal BMI condition indicated that total cholesterol(OR= 1.013, 95% CI; 1.007-1.020) and HDL cholesterol (OR=0.943, 95% CI; 0.916-0.972) were significantly contribution to dependent variable. BMI, HBs Ag, and the frequency of drinking were found to be positive independent predictors to GOT, but meal regularity(yes vs. no) were negative predictors. Logistic analysis of abnormal GOT condition indicated that HBs Ag(yes vs. no)(OR-6.666, 95% CI; 1.724-25.779), BMI(OR=1.199, 95% CI;1.015-1.416), and meal regularity(yes vs. no)(OR=0.248, 95% CI; 0.096-0.639) were significantly contribution to dependent variable. BMI, and HBs Ag were found to be positive independent predictors to GPT, but meal regularity(yes vs. no) were negative predictors. Logistic analysis of abnormal GPT condition showed that only BMI (OR=1.301, 95% CI; 1.301(1.176-1.440) was significantly contribution to dependent variable. BMI and the frequency of drinking were found to be positive independent predictors to rGTP, but meal regularity(yes vs. no) were negative predictors. Logistic analysis of abnormal rGTP conditionindicated that BMI(OR=1.340, 95% CI; 1.197-1.499), Alc5(abovc 5 times/week vs. non-drinking) (OR=21.733, 95% CI; 3.671-128.684), Alc4(3-4 times/week vs. non-drinking) (OR=4.533, 95% CI; 1.463-14.049), Alc3(1-2 times/week vs. non-drinking) (OR=3.918, 95% CI; 1.406-10.916), and meal regularity(yes vs. no) (OR=0.405, 95% CI; 0.221-0.740) were significantly contribution to dependent variable. BMI and age were found to be positive independent predictors to BUN, but stress(yes vs. no) and pack-year of smoking were negative predictors. Logistic analysis of abnormal BUN condition indicated that only age3(≥50 years vs. <40 years) (OR=4.808 (95% CI; 1.307-17.676) was significantly contribution to dependent variable. BMI was found to be positive independent predictors to Hb and Hct, respectively, but regular exercise(yes vs. no) was negative predictors to Hb and Hct, respectively. With above results, it was found that age, BMI, level of serum triglyceride, and level of serum total cholesterol were significantly associated with hypertension and that BMI was significantly associated with abnormal results of liver function tests and especially the frequency of drinking was associated with abnormal rGTP. Also the workers with meal regularity habits, compared to those with meal irregularity habits, were lower prevalence of hypertension and abnormal liver function tests, therefore the meal regularity habits seem to be reflected good health related behaviors.

醫療保險制度의 變化에 따른 醫療利用 樣相과 病床利用度 比較硏究

최병록,함정오,김화성,이병국 순천향의학연구소 1996 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.2 No.2

This study was conducted to identify the effects of rural-fishing village health insurance system and the whole national health insurance system on the number of out-patient and in-patient cases and the hospital bed utilization, and the number of hospital persons in a university located in Choong Chung Nam Do. The results were as follows. 1. The number of out-patients was increased by 6.8% and 18.8% after the implementation of the rural fishing village health insurance system and the whole national health insurance system respectively. The number of out-patient visit cases was increased by 31.5% and 63.5% after implementation of the rural fishing village health insurance system and the whole national health insurance system respectively. 2. The number of in-patients was increased by 13.8% and 22.8% after the implementation of the rural fishing village health insurance system and the whole national health insurance system respectively. The number of bed days was increased by 27.1% and 32.8% after the implementation of the rural fishing village health insurance system and the whole national health insurance system respectively. 3. The hospital bed utilization rates were 77.3% and 98.4% before and after the rural fishing village health insurance system respectively, and 102.6%, after the whole national health insurance system. The bed rotation rate was increased from 23.6 times before the rural fishing village health insurance system to 27.0 times after the system. After the whole national health insurance program, it was also increased to 29.1 times. The average length of stay was 11.9 days before the rural fishing village health insurance system and 13.3 days after that, and 12.9 days after the whole national health insurance system. 4. Before the rural fishing village health insurance system the physicians per 100 beds was 19.0 persons. The physicians per 100 beds was increased to 25.2 persons and 29.3 persons, after the rural fishing village health insurance system and the whole national insurance system respectively. Before the rural fishing village health insurance system the nurses per 100 beds was 26.8 persons. The nurses per 100 beds was increased to 35.4 persons and 38.3 persons, after the rural fishing village health insurance system and the whole national health insurance respectively. Before the rural fishing village health insurance system the manpower per 100 beds was 101.6 persons. The manpower per 100 beds was increased to 128.6 persons and 138.9 persons, after the rural fishing village health insurance system and the whole national insurance respectively.

방사선 관련업무 종사자의 개인피복에 관한 연구

김함겸,안규동,이병국 순천향대학교 산업의학연구소 1997 순천향산업의학 Vol.3 No.1

For the purpose of measurement of level of radiation exposure by employees working in fields related to radiation the analysis had been made on the level of radiation exposure for a total of 1875 employees working in radiation related field at 10 university hospitals in Seoul, 6 university hospitals in rural areas, 16 private hospitals (health centers), 5 research agencies, 10 military hospitals, 10 research institutes of industry and 5 firms for non-destructive test works from January 1995 to December 1995 for one year. The result of analysis of radiation exposure for a total of 518 employees working in the field of radiation at university hospitals in Seoul area for the purpose of measurement of radiation exposure based on characteristics of the employees working the the field related to radiation showed the following status: 1. The level of radiation exposure of the employees working in the field related to radiation on the basis of agencies was 6.55-1.89 mSv which is below the level of 20 mSv/y being recommended as average annual reference level for 5 years from International Commitee of Radiation Protection(ICRP). 2. In terms of sequence of exposure level the non-destructive testing firms were highest followed by university hospital, military hospital, general hospital, private hospital(health center), research institute of industry and other research institutes with lesser exposure than preceding ones in this sequence. 3. In terms of difference in exposure by people with different jobs among medical specialist, resident, radiotechnologist,nurse and other visitors to radiation section residents showed highest level of exposure followed by radiotechnologist, nurse and medical specialist with lesser exposure than preceding one in the same sequence. 4. In terms of age levels such as 50s, 40s, 30s and 20s it was revealed that people in their 20s were most exposed to radiation followed by people in 30s, 40s and 50s with lesser exposure than preceding one the same sequence. 5. Result of measuring radiation exposure level by different department such as department of radiology, therapeutic radiology, nuclear medicine and department of clinics and pathology showed that department of radiology had highest level of radiation exposure with 2.83-1.22 mSv followed departments with lesser exposure such as department of nuclear medicine, clinics and pathology etc. and therapeutic radiology. 6. The result of measuring employees at different functions such as general radiography room, computed tomography(CT Room), angiography room and fluoroscopy room, indirect radiography, portable radiography and operation room showed that level of radiation exposure was 9.05-1.25 mSv. Employees for indirect radiography, portable radiography and operation rooms showed highest level of radiation exposure and it is followed by general radiography room, angiography, and fluoroscopy and computed tomography room with lesser degree of radiation exposure than preceding one in the same sequence.

톨루엔 폭로근로자의 요중 마뇨산과 자각증상에 관한 연구

김주자,함정오,안규동,이병국,남택승,백남원 大韓産業醫學會 1989 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.1 No.2

To study the relationship between the urinary hippuric acid and subjective symptoms in toluene exposed workers, urinary hippuric acid was measured and subjective symptoms questionnarire was surveyed in 93 toluene exposed male workers and 96 non-exposed office male workers. The results are as follows: 1. Mean concentration of urinary hippuric acid, which is significantly higher in exposed group than in non-exposed group, was 1.3 g/1, 1.2(GM, GSD respectively) in exposed group and 0.6 g/1, 1.2(GM, GSD respectively) in non-exposed group. 2. Mean concentration of toluene in the air in the workplace, which is significantly higher in the department of coater than in the department of mexing, was 23.4 ppm, 6.2(GM, GSD respectively) in the department of mixing and 59.8 ppm, 3.4(GM, GSD respectively) in the department of coater. 3. Complained rates of subjective symptoms were significantly higher in exposed group than in non-exposed group in all items. 4. In exposed group, complained rate of CNS related symptoms was higher than that of irritation ralated symptoms in the first part but there was no significant difference and complained rate of irritation related symptoms in the second part was significantly higher than that of CNS related symptoms. 5. In exposed group, complained rates of subjective symptoms were not compatible with dose-response relationship by the concentration of urinary hippuric acid, duration of work, department of work, and age group retrospectively.

직업적인 납 노출이 없는 일부 중년 한국인의 경골납량 및 혈중납량

김남수,함정오,이병국 순천향대학교 의학연구소 2007 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.13 No.2

...

전자부품 제조업 근로자들의 시력변화에 대한 연구

이용만,안규동,이성수,함정오,김화성,리갑수,이병국 순천향의학연구소 1996 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.2 No.2

근접작업이 시력약화의 원인이 될 수 있는가를 알아보기 위하여 전자부품을 제조하는 2개 사업장에서 1991년에서 1993년까지 입사한 근로자들 중에서 근접작업으로 인정되는 마이크로칩을 조립하는 근접작업자 306명을 조사군으로, 대조군은 세탁기 타이머 및 일반 기계기구를 조립하는 작업자 154명, 계 460명을 선정하였다. 이들 대상자는 1991년 입사자는 1993, 1994, 1995년 시력을 조사하였으며, 1992년 입사자는 1993, 1994, 1995년 3년동안 조사를 하였으며, 1993년 입사자는 1994, 1995년 2년간 시력을 조사하였다. 대상자 중에서 입사시 안경을 착용한 근로자는 82명(17.8%)이었다. 따라서 남자 근로자와 안경착용자를 제외한 여성 근로자들 335명만을 추적 조사하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 조사군에서 입사시 시력 1.0 이상이었던 근로자의 분포는 취업 1년 후 약 25-35% 정도 감소하였으며, 2년후에는 약 40-60% 정도의 감소를 나타내었고, 3년 후 약 50-65% 정도로 감소하였고 4년후에는 약 65% 이상 감소하였다. 그러나 대조군에서는 1.0 이상의 시력을 보였던 근로자들의 비율이 취업 1년 또는 2년 후 15-30%의 감소를 보이고 있으나 그 이후에는 큰 변동이 없었다. 이들의 시력변화를 근무년수에 따라 알아보기 위하여 조사된 시력을 순위변수로 하여 Kruskall-Wallis 검정을 시행한 결과 조사군, 대조군 모두에서 근속년수에 따른 순위의 합의 평균이 년차적으로 유의하게 감소하였으나, 입사시부터 근속년수에 따른 조사군과 대조군과의 순위합의 평균에 의한 시력차 비교에서 입사시 조사군의 순위합의 평균이 유의하게 높았던 것이 근무기간에 따라 대조군의 평균이 높아지면서 통계적 유의성이 없고 대체적으로 1년 이후부터 변화가 적은 것으로 나타나 근접작업으로 인한 시력약화를 추정할 수 있었다. This study was carried out to investigate that the close distance works were associated with decreased visual acuity. 306 workers were subjects who had been recruited from 1991 to 1993 in two electronic parts manufacturing factories, and 154 workers were controls who had been employed from 1991 to 1993 in launder machine timer and general machine assembly factories. Subjects who had been employed in 1991 and 1992 were follow up from 1993 to 1995, and subjects who had been employed in 1993 were from 1994 to 1995. The male workers as well as glasses wearing workers were excluded. Only 335 female workers were followed up to study the change of visual acuity. The results were as follows; The rate of workers with visual acuity over 1.0 at recruit year in subjects group was decreased about 25-35% after 1 year, 40-60% after 2 years, 50-65% after 3 years, and 65% after 4 years. While, the rate of workers with visual acuity over 1.0 at recruit year in control group was decreased about 15-30% after 1 or 2 years, and there was no more additional visual acuity reduction after then. Kruskall-Wallis test was performed to investigate the change of visual acuity in subject and control group by work duration. The means scores of ranks in both group were significantly decreased by work duration. The mean scores of ranks in subject group at recruit year were significantly higher than those in control group at recruit year, but these differences were disappeared after 1 year work. Therefore, this suggest that close distance workers may be affected their visual acuity.

직업적인 납 노출이 없는 일부 중년 한국인의 골중납량 및 혈중납량

김남수,최성우,김진호,함정오,박해윤,안규동,이병국 大韓産業醫學會 2007 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.19 No.4

목적: 우리나라에서 납에 직업적으로 노출되지 않은 일부 중년 성인들의 골중납량과 혈중납량의 수준과 상호관련성을 알아보기 위하여 40세 이상 남자 86명 여자 51명 총 137명을 대상으로 본 연구를 시도하였다. 방법: 연구변수로 골중납량인 경골납량,혈중납량을 택하였다. 경골납량은 K-shell XRF를 이용하여 각 대상 자들을 30분간 측정하였고,혈중납량은 원자흡광광도계법으로 분석하였다. 결과: 총대상자 137명의 경골납량의 평균±표준편차는 3.49±4.99 μg/g이었으며, 남자와 여자는 각각 3.90± 4.88 μg/g 및 2.80±5.14 μg/g이었으나 양군 평균의 통계적 차이는 없었다. 한편 총대상자 137명의 혈중납량의 평균±표준편차는 3.70±1.35 μg/dl이었으며,남자와 여자는 각각 3.93±1.25 μg/dl 및 3.30±1.42 μg/dl이었으나 양군 평균의 통계적 차이는 없었다. 음주,흡연 및 BMI를 통제한 후 혈중납량을 종속변수로 한 중 회귀분석에서 연령은 양의 영향을 주는 변수로 나타났다. 여자대상자만을 대상으로 한 중 회귀분석에서 교란변수를 통제한 후 연령은 경골납량에 경계수준의 양의영향을 나타내었다. 결론: 40세 이상의 우리나라 중년성인의 경골납량의 평균±표준편차는 3.49±4.99 μg/g이었으며,혈중납량의 평균±표준편차는 3.70±1.35 μg/dl이었다 혈중납량은 연령과 성과 유의한 양의 관련성이 있었으나,골중납량은 여자에서만 연령과 경계수준의 유의한 관련을 나타냈다. Objectives: In order to investigate the level and the association between bone lead and blood lead levels of non-occupationally, lead-exposed Koreans, the authors studied the lead biomarkers of 137 middle aged Koreans (86 males and 51 females) older than whose age were above 40 years. Methods: The tibia lead level was selected as the bone lead indicator of cortical bone, and the blood lead level was also measured. The tibia lead level was measured by K-shell XRF with 30-minute measurement of each subjects. The blood lead level was analyzed by AAS method. Results: The mean (SD) of the tibia lead level of the 137 study subjects was 3.49 (4.99) ,㎍/g, and tended to be higher. The mean (SD) of tibia lead level in male subjects (was 3.90 (4.88) ㎍/g) and larger than in that of female subjects (2.80 (5.14) ㎍/g), but without no statistical significance was observed. The mean (SD) of blood lead level of all total subjects was 3.70 (1.35) ,㎍/dl, and tended to be higher. The mean (SD) of blood lead level in male subjects (was 3.93 (1.25) ㎍/dl) and larger than in that of female subjects (3.30 (1.42) ㎍/dl), but without no statistical significance was observed. In multiple regression analysis of blood lead levels after adjusting for covariates, age was a significant independent variable. A weak association of age with tibia lead in female subjects was also observed in multiple regression analysis. Conclusion: The mean (SD) of tibia and blood lead levels of middle aged Koreans whose ages were over 40 years old were 3.49 (4.99) ㎍/g and 3.70 (1.35) ㎍/dl, respectively. Age and sex were positive predictors of blood lead level in multiple regression analysis after controlling for the covariates. However, in multiple regression analysis whereas age was weakly association with tibia lead level only in female subjects in multiple regression analysis.

축전지 사업장에서 공기 중 납 농도의 허용노출기준 초과율 변화에 관한 연구

최재욱,김남수,함정오,이병국 순천향대학교 의학연구소 2007 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.13 No.2

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연작업자들에서의 δ -aminolevulinic acid dehydratase 유전형질의 다형성이 신기능에 미치는 영향

안익수,황보영,김용배,리갑수,이성수,장봉기,함정오,안규동,이병국 순천향대학교 산업의학연구소 2001 순천향산업의학 Vol.7 No.1

δ-aminolevulinic acid hehydratase (ALAD) is a polymorphic enzyme that has two alleles, ALAD1 (ALAD1-1 as phenotype) and ALAD2 (ALAD1-2 or ALAD2-2 as phenotype). ALAD genotype has been reported to modify the toxicokinetics of lead. To investigate the influence of ALAD genotype polymorphism on renal function in lead workers, author studied 1022 male lead workers and 149 non lead workers in the same industries. For the cross-sectional renal function indices, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, uric acid and total protein were selected. Blood lead and blood zinc protoporphyrin were also measured as indices of lead exposure. Information on weight, age, job duration, smoking & drinking history were collected. Following results are as follows: 1. Whereas the mean (standard deviation) of blood lead and blood ZPP of lead workers were 27.2±12.5 ㎍/㎗ and 57.7±37.8 ㎍/㎗, those of non-lead workers in the same premises were 14.9±6.5 ㎍/㎗ and 44.6± 15.8 ㎍/㎗ respectively. The difference of mean blood lead and blood ZPP between two groups were statistically significant. 2. Whereas the prevalence of the variant allele, ALAD2 in 1022 lead workers was 10.2 %, the prevalence of that in 149 non-lead workers was 7.4 %. But there was no difference of prevalence between two groups. 3. The mean±standard deviation of blood lead of subjects with ALAD1 was 25.5± 12.7 ㎍/㎗ and was slightly lower than that of subjects with ALAD2 (26.5±10.9 ㎍/㎗), and the mean±standard deviation of blood ZPP of subjects with ALAD1 was slightly higher than that of subjects with ALAD2 (56.7±37.3 ㎍/㎗ vs 48.9±18.6 ㎍/㎗). But the differences of blood lead and blood ZPP between two genotypes were not statistically significant. 4. There were no differences of cross-sectional renal function indices (BUN, serum creatinine, uric acid and total protein) either by lead workers and non-lead workers or two genotypes. 5. In multiple regression analysis of ALAD genotype on BUN after controlling for possible confounders (sex, weight, job duration, smoking and drinking status), the mean of BUN in ALAD2 subjects was 0.629 ㎎/㎗ lower than ALAD1 subjects with a weak statistical significance (p=0.07). But in logistic analysis of ALAD genotype on median value of BUN revcaled that subjects of ALAD2 genotype were 32% less likely to have median value or more of BUN than subjects of ALAD1 with odd ratio of 0.618 (95% confidence interval 0.411-0.920). 6. In multiple regression analysis of ALAD genotype on serum creatinine after controlling for possible confounders (sex, weight, job duration, smoking and drinking status), the mean of serum creatinine in ALAD2 subjects was 0.0271 ㎎/㎗ lower than ALAD1 subjects with statistical significance (p=0.02). On the other hand, in logistic analysis of ALAD genotype on median value of serum creatinine revealed that subjects of ALAD2 genotype were 30% less likely to have median value or more of scrum creatinine than subjects of ALAD1 with odd ratio of 0.700 (95% confidence interval 0.442-1.080). With the above results, it was found that the variant allcle, ALAD2 appeared to modify the association of lead and renal function and ALAD2 genotype may be supportive for the protective effect of lead.