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SAITO Akira 동국대학교 불교학술원 2019 International Journal of Buddhist Thought & Cultur Vol.29 No.1
This paper deals with hitherto unresolved questions regarding the opening verse of Nāgārjuna’s Mūlamadhyamakakārikā (MMK) in Chapter 1 titled “Examination of Conditions.” In this well-known stanza Nāgārjuna negates the “arising” of things in the four possible ways: from themselves, from others, from both, or without cause (MMK 1.1). Despite a good number of studies so far executed, a few significant questions remain unresolved. In this regard, the present paper aims at reconsidering the following three points yet to be fully examined: The first point is whether Nāgārjuna presents only a conclusion in the above stanza (MMK 1.1) without showing any reasons for it in his discussion. The second concerns Bhāviveka’s criticism of Buddhapālita’s explanation of the above verse and whether it is logically valid or not. In relation to this question, the third and most important point is whether we have arrived at an accurate understanding of Candrakīrti’s discussion which vindicates Buddhapālita’s explanation with a methodological criticism of Bhāviveka. This paper mainly discusses the third point, with reference to the first two, when necessary.
Akira Saito 한양대학교 법학연구소 2014 Hanyang Journal of Law Vol.1 No.-
The Code of Civil Procedure in Japan, by its revision in 2011, legislates new provisions of international civil jurisdiction. This paper tries to explore the role played by the new rules over the actions relating to the obligations under a contract (Article 3-3(i)). For the purpose, the case law theory developed by the judgments including Family Case and Malaysia Airlines Case of the Supreme Court is to be analyzed closely. As a result, despite the strong criticism by the academics, the case law theory (the theory based on special circumstances on each case) in the context of whole practice concerning the determination of international civil jurisdiction, it seemed to function well for the fairness between the parties. Also, with the new rule of Article 3-9, the basic structure of this practice has not changed radically by the new rules in CCP. The author also suggests that the confrontation between Case Law Theory and the mainstream doctrines in this represents just one of the typical examples of the proxy wars between the traditions of Common Law and Civil Law in Japanese Legl System. Lord Goff, in a judgment by House of Lords, clearly pointed out the shared ideal between Natural Forum Theory and Japanese ‘special circumstances’ theory, both of which lead the case to the forum which is appropriate to solve the dispute. In the drafting process of new rules in Japan, BrusselsIRegulation has been treated as the model rules of international civil jurisdiction. However, without the strong international cooperation scheme of EU, Brussels Regime simply does not work properly.
Applications of Morpho-Butterfly's Strange Blue based on Nano-Randomness
Akira SAITO,J. Murase,M. Yonezawa,Y. Kuwahara 한국표면공학회 2010 한국표면공학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2010 No.11
Structural color of some blue Morpho butterflies has a physically mysterious feature from viewpoint of optics. We have recently proven the principle of the mystery by fabricating the specific structures by extracting the physical essence. The key was exquisite combination of both regular and irregular structures at nanometer scale on the surface of the butterfly’s scale. Although our researches were started from purely scientific interests, after we achieved the proof of the principle, such artificial structural color was found to concern wide applications. We have then extended our investigations to the next step for wide application studies, also still pursuing the scientific essence based on the nano-randomness.
( Masataka Arai ),( Akira Ishii ),( Masahiro Saito ) 한국액체미립화학회 2005 한국액체미립화학회 학술강연회 논문집 Vol.2005 No.-
Atomization behavior of a single droplet impinged on surface oscillating with ultra-sonic frequency of 20 kHz was investigated as a new method of fine-spray formation. Distilled water, ethanol and 50-80wt% glycerin solution were used as the test liquids to find the effects of viscosity and surface tension on ultra-sonic atomization. The amplitude of oscillation A and the droplet volume Vd were changed between A =25-125μm, Vd = 4-20 mm3 respectively. As the result, it was found that a fine spray was formed after the droplet impingement when the amplitude was smaller than A =50μm, while ligament and large droplets were formed at larger amplitude than A =50μm. The SMD of the spray after impingement was about D32=70μm when the amplitude was small, but the SMD became large with increase of the amplitude. Also, at low amplitude of A =25μm, the surface energy of spray after impingement increased remarkably compared with that of droplet before impingement. On the contrary, at amplitude of A >50μm, the kinetic energy after impingement has exceeded the surface energy. Namely, the oscillation energy was acted for rebounding of droplet rather than the atomization of droplet. The atomization efficiency decreased exponentially with increasing the amplitude of oscillation independent of the physical properties of test liquids. Thus, the low amplitude of oscillation could allow fine atomization by the disintegration of liquid film after the droplet impingement.