Putting a face on television news: Parasocial interaction and newscaster persona preference

Sundin, Mel Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 2005 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Literature in the study of human communication often discusses the similarities among different forms of message processing. Early in the 21st century efforts are underway to make mediated communication appear to be as close to "face-to-face" discussion as the technology will allow. Past studies concerning television in particular have assumed the audience is passive and quite content to assimilate message content because of a need to satisfy basic psychological and/or social needs, i.e., information, entertainment or just to fight boredom/loneliness. Later studies emphasized a growing relationship of interactivity between the audience and the technology which delivers the mass communication message. Centering on a "uses and gratifications" approach, the study of mediated communication today opens up more possibilities for research, including new emphasis on the phenomenon known as parasocial interaction (PSI), which is suggested by more recent literature to increase as the technology makes possible more "lifelike" media experiences. The current study looks at elements of communication research which emphasize the growing importance of parasocial interaction and an actively engaged audience in mass communication, focusing on television news as a primary example of the convergence of technology and a possible model for the intersection of mass and interpersonal communication theory. Parasocial interaction with a mass medium such as television is measured in comparison to both the level of similarity to interpersonal relations and to any special reasons for connection to a particular televised persona. An examination of these relationships can help future researchers better understand the similarities and differences, both real and perceived, between interpersonal and mass communication. A methodology is proposed for studying factors which contribute to levels of parasocial interaction in the use of college students' television news viewing, how these factors closely parallel those of actual human interaction, and how PSI potentially is a major component in bridging the gap between mediated and interpersonal communication.

Culturas de masas alternativas: Intelectuales, tecnologia y comunicacion en Angel Rama y Jose Maria Arguedas

Liendo, Javier Garcia Princeton University 2011 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

This dissertation examines intellectual responses to the effect of mass communication and mass culture on Latin American high and popular cultures during the decades of 1960 and 1970. It focuses on the comparison of two cultural geographies, the Southern Cone and the Andean region, through the study of the intellectual practices of Angel Rama (Uruguay) and Jose Maria Arguedas (Peru). While examining the relation of their oeuvres with technology, it looks at the ways both intellectuals were involved in the reflection and construction of alternative mass cultures before the consolidation of television in Latin America. As American mass culture was consolidating in the region, high and popular cultures were transforming its traditional spaces of communication, production, and audiences. In this regard, this thesis explores the impact of industrialization on both cultural spaces. Taking as a starting point Angel Rama's main works, it rethinks 20th century Latin American print culture through what it is referred to as the popular cycle of print culture. It argues for the necessity to broaden the current dominant conception of print culture in Latin America, characterized mainly by the link between print culture and the State. On the other hand, analyzing Jose Maria Arguedas's work with the voice recorder and the music records, this thesis studies the displacement of orality in the Peruvian Andes from a traditional setting to a secondary, technological orality, in the context of a massive indigenous immigration from the country to the city. At the same time, it shows how Arguedas became a protagonist of what I call a Cholo mass culture, a mass-oriented popular culture based on the traditional culture of the Andes and on new interactions with technology and urbanization. Attention is also given to theoretical and historical problems related to the concepts of mass culture, public sphere, cultural space, technology and intellectuals. On the one hand, writings by various members of the Frankfurt School, Walter Benjamin, Umberto Eco and Marshall McLuhan are referenced in order to argue that the concept of mass culture referred to in these discussions was based on an American historical model, yet was assumed as universal. On the other hand, this thesis discusses various theoretical approaches to the concept of popular public sphere, such as those posited by Jurgen Habermas, Oskar Negt and Alexander Kluge, Jesus Martin-Barbero, Nestor Garcia Canclini, as well as others Latin American scholars. Finally, it evaluates different and contradictory intellectual positions on technology in Latin America and worldwide --a discussion connected to the debate regarding the industrialization of culture and capitalism.

Mass media and the remaking of Soviet culture, 1950s--1960s

Roth-Ey, Kristin Joy Princeton University 2003 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

While the idea of socialism in the USSR readily brings to mind factories, military parades, and communist party bosses, it should evoke the world of culture equally well. From its inception, the Soviet regime promoted the notion that a distinctive and superior Soviet (or socialist) culture-the polar opposite of capitalist "mass culture"---was integral to everyday life and to the building of a communist future. Where "mass culture" was said to debauch and stupefy its consumers, Soviet culture proclaimed its devotion to healthy entertainment, moral and cultural uplift and, especially, to mass political mobilization. This dissertation analyzes the remaking of this Soviet cultural ideal in the 1950s and '60s. In this period, the Soviet regime was, for the first time in its history, materially capable of fulfilling its goal of making culture a part of daily life on a mass scale. What made this possible were major sociological shifts in the postwar era, such as mass urbanization, coupled with a vast expansion in the Soviet Union's cultural infrastructure. This dissertation explores the implications of the postwar mass-media explosion for the press, radio and television broadcasting, and popular cinema, and argues that it had the unintended consequence of transforming Soviet culture in both form and function. Not only did cultural consumption come to command an ever-larger presence in Soviet life, the nature of the culture itself grew more eclectic, immediate, and personal, as well as increasingly accommodating to imported, "mass culture" products. While culture remained officially committed to uplift and mobilization, Soviet mass media now offered a host of new experiences and ideas that drew its consumers far a field from its own lofty aims. The bonds between Soviet culture and the grand narrative of Soviet life---the construction of a communist society, including the enlightened communist cultural consumer---steadily unraveled, and Soviet mass-media culture grew to look more and more like its archrival, capitalist "mass culture." This dissertation argues that the success of mass-media culture in the USSR of the 1950s and '60s had the paradoxical effect of vitiating the authority of the Soviet cultural ideal and, ultimately, of the Soviet project overall.

Integrated marketing communications: An empirical test of its effectiveness

McGrath, John Michael The Pennsylvania State University 2001 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) has emerged as a promising area of study in the past decade. The IMC concept draws its inspiration from existing theories in the fields of marketing and mass communications. This document discusses the history of IMC and proposes an IMC model which suggests that a brand's marketing communications can benefit from the combined effects of a high degree of design consistency coupled with the use of multiple media vehicles. This project tested the proposed IMC model, using a series of experimental designs to determine whether IMC produced any distinctive effects versus traditional marketing communications efforts. The results of the experiments suggest that IMC effects are not significantly different, as hypothesized. These findings are discussed in detail, and implications for future research are suggested.

Mass Communication이 스포오츠 관심도에 미치는 영향에 대한 조사연구 : 춘천시내 남·여 대학생을 중심으로

이재혁 경희대학교 체육대학원 1992 국내석사

Media power: Habermas's late public sphere theory

Hove, Thomas The University of Wisconsin - Madison 2007 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Ever since the early 1960s, what has distinguished Jurgen Habermas as a social theorist is the amount of attention he pays to communication processes. But to date, in the fields of communication and mass media research, almost no close readings or extended commentaries on his recent theories exist. To remedy this reception problem, this commentary analyzes several significant developments and refinements in his theories, particularly with respect to the normative quality of the public sphere and its role in communication processes. Habermas's communication theories attempt to classify the wide array of interactions between rationality and power that occur in modern social systems. They also provide a broad and complex perspective on the material, cultural, and institutional conditions that both constrain and enable communication. In reconstructing that perspective, this commentary explicates the media forms that Habermas identifies as necessary for promoting efficiency and understanding in democratic societies. At center stage are four broad concepts: communicative action, strategic action, linguistic agreement, and communication relief. These concepts refer to basic communication forms that help establish social integration and proper feedback between the state and civil society. Around these concepts Habermas builds a multi-dimensional theory of political communication. This theory attempts to synthesize the empirical findings of social science with the critical tradition's normative insights about how communication ought to work in a properly functioning democracy. For communication researchers, one payoff this theory provides is a sociologically holistic account of the communication media, forms, and functions that are either necessary, appropriate, or desirable in complex modern democracies. This account ranges from the dynamics of face-to-face social interaction to those of macrosocial interactions among the state, the economy, civil society, the public sphere, and the media system. Finally, in addition to highlighting these recent theoretical developments in Habermas's work, this commentary suggests how they might inform future normative research on the mass media and its political functions.

Radio blues: Literature, mass communication and the human voice in Depression America (Kenneth Burke, John Dos Passos, Henry Roth)

Willihnganz, Jonah Gabriel Brown University 2005 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

This dissertation argues that American literature responded to the consolidation of the mass media in the 1930s by figuring a new relationship between communication and power. Through an analysis of criticism and fiction by Kenneth Burke, John Dos Passos, Henry Roth and other major figures of the decade, the dissertation shows how a series of reconceptions of language, communication, and their relation to the subject lead to a notion that power operates in a profoundly "fictional" way---that is, it is produced, exercised and resisted in narrative communication, which is always governed by language's conventions, rhetorical figures and forms. The dissertation begins by arguing Burke's anti-modernist, sociological view of literature and his theory of narrative as "a strategy for encompassing a situation" help us sidestep the traditional opposition between literature and mass culture that still dominates many renditions of the 1930s. An analysis of Burke's criticism and of his single novel enable shows how American literature of this decade locked its horns not with mass culture but with mass communication. Through a close reading of novels by Dos Passos, Roth and others the dissertation then demonstrates how in the 1930s the conceptions of language and communication are transfigured. Language is transformed from a catalog of labels generated by inner experience to an independent structuring agent whose effects are often unconscious. Communication is then transformed from the conveyance of a priori meanings to the process of identity formation, for subjects and culture generally. These reconceptions subsequently cast power as formatted by communication and communication as the key requirement for historical agency. They also recast how subjects and texts exercise that agency---not through intersubjective dialogue or linguistic invention, but through strategies that acknowledge the fictional character of identity and operation of power: the "seizing" of inherited symbols of authority, propaganda, bricolage, and hermeneutics. The dissertation closes by emphasizing how the human voice---now mediated by radio, sound pictures, and records---comes to be re-imagined in this decade as at once no longer the sign of presence and authenticity and the sign of uncanny power.

農民의 Mass Communication接觸에 關한 調査硏究 : 忠淸南道 禮山邑을 中心으로

최병익 서울大學校 敎育大學院 1973 국내석사

Social influence in interpersonal relationships: An examination of parents', peers', and mass media's ability to instill antisocial communication

Cvancara, Kristen Eis University of Minnesota 2004 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Using a synthesized model, three socializing agents (parents, peers, and mass media characters) were investigated to determine the influence that each had in regard to instilling beliefs about and behavioral tendencies for antisocial communication. Thus, based on the theoretical model, three studies were conducted to test predictions regarding antisocial communication. Studies 1 and 2 examined how individuals learn to use antisocial communication, and Study 3 examined why antisocial communication is used in romantic relationships. As predicted in Study 1, parents (R2 = .33) were found to have the strongest relationship to an individual's general social domain of knowledge, while peers (R 2 = .40) were found to have the strongest relationship to specific domains of knowledge regarding antisocial communication. In Study 2, as predicted, peers had a large effect (R 2 = .40--.47), mass media characters held a moderate effect ( R2 = .17--.20), and opposite to prediction, parents held a large effect (R2 = .29--.34), on beliefs about antisocial communication. In Study 3, a multifactorial design was used to examine the effect of the three social agents and two contextual factors (social power, relationship duration) on an individual's actual use of antisocial communication across two within-subjects contexts (emotional, physical). A main effect was detected for relationship duration across contexts (Eta2 = .01--.03), and for each social agent within the physical context (peers: Eta2 = .05; parents: Eta2 = .04; media characters: Eta2 = .02). Four conclusions were drawn from these studies: (1) social agents have differential socializing effects on instilling beliefs about antisocial communication, (2) relationships that are more established are likely to involve greater levels of antisocial communication than new relationships, (3) topics that are less socially normed (e.g., seeking an emotional disclosure) are likely to involve greater levels of antisocial communication than topics that are more socially normed (e.g., seeking physical intimacy), and (4) models explaining the use of antisocial behavior are likely to require a synthesis of theoretical constructs that include cognitive processes, individual dispositions, and situational factors. The implications of the current findings for intervention/prevention efforts and for future research are discussed.

Where's the beef? The use of media tracing in everyday communication

McMahan, David Travis The University of Iowa 2001 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

In an attempt to begin bridging mass communication with interpersonal communication in everyday life, this thesis proposes the study of Media Tracing, the incorporation of mass mediated symbols into everyday communication. Two forms of Media Tracing were examined: Media Tracing References and Media Tracing Lines. A Media Tracing Reference occurs when a title, character, scene, plot, or media personality is referred to during an interaction, but actual lines from the media source are not used. A Media Tracing Line is observed when actual lines of dialogue, slogans, catchphrases, lyrics, or texts are used during an interaction. The Media Tracing Measure (MTM), a structured self-report form and a modified version of the Iowa Communication Record (ICR), was developed in order to record instances of Media Tracing as they occurred in everyday communication. This initial exploration revealed the following: (a) Media Tracing occurs most frequently among people who share close personal relationships; (b) Media Tracing is used in a wide variety of locations and during numerous activities; and (c) the majority of Media Tracings are drawn from electronic media such as movies and television, while very few are derived from print media such as newspapers, books, and magazines. It was indicated that Media Tracing References might serve the following four primary functions: (a) illustration, (b) humor and teasing, (c) the introduction of a topic or a media source, and (d) as a face-saving device. Media Tracing Lines appear to serve the following interactional and relational functions in everyday communication: (a) depersonalization of messages; (b) enacting a persona; (c) exhibiting media knowledge; (d) reducing tension; (e) humor, entertainment, and teasing; (f) identification and group membership; and (g) incidental reasons. The results of this study are discussed along with consequences of the findings. Suggestions for future elaboration of this concept are offered.