임플랜트-지대주의 연결방법에 따른 임플랜트 보철의 유한요소 응력분석

허진경 조선대학교 2004 국내박사

Finite Element Stress Analysis of Implant Prosthesis according to Connection Types of Implant-Abutment Hur, Jin-Kyung, D.D.S., M.S.D. Advisor: Prof. Kay, Kee-Sung, D.D.S., M.S.D., Ph.D. Dept of Dentistry, Graduate School of Chosun University The purpose of this study was to assess the loading distributing characteristics of implant systems with internal connection(model 1) or external connection(model 2) under vertical and inclined loading using finite element analysis. Two finite element models were designed according to type of internal connection(model 1) or external connection(model 2). The crown for mandibular first molar was made using cemented abutment. Each three-dimensional finite element model was created with the physical properties of the implant and surrounding bone. This study simulated loads of 200N at the central fossa in a vertical direction (loading condition A), 200N at the centric cusp tip in a 15◦ inward inclined direction (loading condition B), or 200N at the centric cusp tip in a 30◦ outward inclined direction (loading condition C) respectively. Von Mises stresses were recorded and compared in the supporting bone, fixture, abutment and abutment screw. The following results have been made based on this study: 1.In comparison with the whole stress of the model 1 and model 2, the stress pattern was shown through th contact of the abutment and the implant fixture in the model 1, while the stress pattern was shown through the abutment screw mainly in the model 2. 2.Without regard to the loading condition, greater stress was taken at the cortical bone, and lower stress was taken at the cancellous bone. The stress taken at the cortical bone was greater at the model 1 than at the model 2, but the stress taken at the cortical bone was much less than the stress taken at the abutment, the implant fixture, and the abutment screw in case of both model 1 and model 2. 3. Without regard to the loading condition, the stress pattern of the abutment was greater at the model 1 than at the model 2. 4. In comparison with the stress distribution of model 1 and model 2, the maximum stress was taken at the abutment in the model 1, while the maximum stress was taken at the abutment screw in the model 2. 5. The magnitude of the maximum stress taken at the supporting bone, the implant fixture, the abutment, and the abutment screw was greater in the order of loading condition A, B, and C. In conclusion, the stress distribution pattern of the internal connection system was mostly distributed widely to the lower part along the inner surface of the implant fixture contacting the abutment core through its contact portion because of the intimate contact of the abutment and the implant fixture, and so the less stress was taken at the abutment screw, while the abutment screw can be the weakest portion clinically because the greater stress was taken at the abutment screw in case of the external connection system, and therefore the further clinical study about this problem is needed.

사회극놀이 수준이 다른 유아간 상호작용이 표상능력과 협상능력에 미치는 영향

허진경 이화여자대학교 대학원 2001 국내석사

본 연구에서는 사회극놀이에서 극놀이 수준이 다른 유아간의 상호작용이 유아의 표상능력과 협상능력에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이와 같은 목적에 따라 설정된 연구문제는 다음과 같다. I. 극놀이 수준이 높은 유아와의 상호작용이 극놀이 수준이 낮은 유아의 표상능력과 협상능력에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가? I-1. 극놀이 수준이 높은 유아와의 상호작용이 극놀이 수준이 낮은 유아의 표상능력에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가? I-2. 극놀이 수준이 높은 유아와의 상호작용이 극놀이 수준이 낮은 유아의 협상능력에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가? II. 극놀이 수준이 낮은 유아와의 상호작용이 극놀이 수준이 높은 유아의 표상능력과 협상능력에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가? II-1. 극놀이 수준이 낮은 유아와의 상호작용이 극놀이 수준이 높은 유아의 표상능력에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가? II-2. 극놀이 수준이 낮은 유아와의 상호작용이 극놀이 수준이 높은 유아의 협상능력에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가? 본 연구의 대상은 수원시에 위치한 S유치원에서 Smilansky와 Shefatya(1990)의 사회극놀이 수준 평정척도에 의거하여 선정된 만 5세 유아 32명으로서, 사회극놀이 수준이 낮은 유아 16명과 사회극놀이 수준이 높은 유아 16명이었다. 통제집단이나 실험집단으로 무선할당된 유아들은 놀이수준별로 4명씩 한 조를 이루어 1회당 20분씩 총 17회에 걸쳐 극놀이(처치)에 참여하였다. 자료는 3회 동안의 극놀이 관찰(사후검사)을 통해 수집하였다. 표상능력을 측정하기 위해 Black(1989)의 상징기술 도구를 사용하였으며, 협상능력을 측정하기 위해 Goncu(1993a)의 상호주관성 도구 중 협상행동 부분만 발췌하여 사용하였다. 수집된 자료는 t 검증을 통해 분석하였다. 본 연구의 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 통제집단 속에서 극놀이를 경험해온 낮은 극놀이 수준 유아들과 실험집단 속에서 극놀이를 경험해온 낮은 수준 유아들의 상징기술과 협상행동에서 전반적으로 차이가 나타났다. 하위 연구문제 별로 나타난 결과는 다음과 같다. 먼저 통제집단 속에서 극놀이를 경험해온 낮은 수준 유아들보다 실험집단 속에서 극놀이를 경험해온 낮은 수준 유아들이 높은 표상능력을 보여주는 극놀이 실행, 상상적 주제 선택, 간접적 도구의존·도구 독립적 행동을 많이 하는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 비교적 낮은 표상능력을 보여주는 극놀이 계획, 일상적 주제 선택, 직접적 도구의존 행동은 적게 하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 높은 수준 유아와 극놀이를 했던 낮은 수준 유아의 표상능력이 높아졌음을 의미한다. 따라서 높은 수준 유아와의 상호작용이 낮은 수준 유아의 표상능력에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다고 할 수 있다. 또한 통제집단 속에서 극놀이를 경험해온 낮은 수준 유아들보다 실험집단 속에서 극놀이를 경험해온 낮은 수준 유아들이 높은 협상능력을 보여주는 도입·확장·구축·수용행동을 많이 하는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 낮은 협상능력을 보여주는 강조·관계없는 행동은 적게 하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 통제집단 속에서 극놀이를 했던 낮은 수준 유아들과 실험집단 속에서 극놀이를 했던 낮은 수준 유아들은 거부·수정·조정행동을 비슷하게 하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 높은 수준 유아와 극놀이를 했던 낮은 수준 유아의 협상능력이 전반적으로 높아졌음을 의미한다. 따라서 높은 수준 유아와의 상호작용이 낮은 수준 유아의 협상능력에 전반적으로 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다고 할 수 있다. 둘째, 통제집단 속에서 극놀이를 경험해온 높은 수준 유아들과 실험집단 속에서 극놀이를 경험해온 높은 수준 유아들의 상징기술과 협상행동에서는 부분적으로 차이가 나타나거나 전반적으로 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 하위 연구문제별로 나타난 결과는 다음과 같다. 먼저 통제집단 속에서 극놀이를 경험해온 높은 수준 유아들보다 실험집단 속에서 극놀이를 경험해온 높은 수준 유아들이 높은 표상능력을 보여주는 상상적 주제 선택, 간접적 도구의존 행동을 많이 하는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 비교적 낮은 표상능력을 보여주는 일상적 주제 선택은 적게 하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 통제집단 속에서 극놀이를 했던 높은 수준 유아들과 실험집단 속에서 극놀이를 했던 높은 수준 유아들은 극놀이 계획·실행, 직접적 도구 의존·도구 독립적 행동을 비슷하게 하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 낮은 수준 유아와 극놀이를 했던 높은 수준 유아의 표상능력이 부분적으로 높아졌음을 의미한다. 표상능력이 적어도 낮아지지는 않았음을 내포하는 것이다. 따라서 낮은 수준 유아와의 상호작용이 높은 수준 유아의 표상능력에 부분적으로 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다고 할 수 있다. 또한 통제집단 속에서 극놀이를 경험해온 높은 수준 유아들보다 실험집단 속에서 극놀이를 경험해온 높은 수준 유아들이 높은 협상능력을 보여주는 구축행동을 많이 하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 통제집단 속에서 극놀이를 했던 높은 수준 유아들과 실험집단 속에서 극놀이를 했던 높은 수준 유아들은 도입·확장·수용·거부·수정·조정·강조·관계없는 행동을 비슷하게 하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 낮은 수준 유아와 극놀이를 했던 높은 수준 유아의 협상능력이 유지되었음을 의미한다. 따라서 낮은 수준 유아와의 상호작용이 높은 수준 유아의 협상능력에 거의 영향을 미치지 않았다고 할 수 있다. The purpose of the present study is to find out the effect of interaction with children of different levels of sociodramatic play on children's representation ability and negotiation ability. To meet the above purpose, these study questions have been set up as follows. I. What is the effect of the interaction with children of a higher level of sociodramatic play on children's representation ability and negotiation ability with lower level? I-1. What is the effect of the interaction with children of a higher level of sociodramatic play on children's representation ability with lower level? I-2. What is the effect of the interaction with children of a higher level of sociodramatic play on children's negotiation ability with lower level? II. What is the effect of the interaction with children of a lower level of sociodramatic play on children's representation ability and negotiation ability with higher level? II-1. What is the effect of the interaction with children of a lower level of sociodramatic play on children's representation ability with higher level? II-2. What is the effect of the interaction with children of a lower level of sociodramatic play on children's negotiation ability with higher level? The subjects of this study were five-year old, 32 children from S kindergarten in Suwon who were divided by the sociodramatic play rating scale of Smilansky & Shefatya(1990) into 16 novices and 16 experts. Children were randomly chosen for the experimental or control group. They were participated for 20 minutes 17 times. The data was gathered by post-observation 3 times. The Symbolic Skill scale developed by Black(1989) was used to measure the children's representation ability. The Negotiation Act scale selected in The Intersubjectivity Scale developed by Goncu(1933a) was used to measure the children's negotiation ability. The data was analyzed by t-test. The results of the study were as follows First, The children with lower levels within the playing experience in the control and the experimental group were generally different in representation ability and negotiation ability. The children with lower play levels with playing experience in the experimental group showed enacting pretense, choosing fanciful topic, acting with indirectly elicited props, acting without props meaning a higher representation ability, and they had a low tendency in planning pretense, choosing every day topic, acting with directly elicited props meaning a lower representation ability. This result means that the representation ability of the children with lower levels was improved by the children with higher levels. Therefore the interaction with the higher level children had an positive effect on the representation ability of the lower level children. The children with lower play level within the playing experience in the experimental group showed introduction, extension, building-on, acceptance acts meaning a higher negotiation ability, and they had a low tendency in emphasis, irrelevant act meaning the lower negotiation ability. However, the children with lower levels within the playing experience of the control group and the experimental group were similar to rejection, revision, conciliation act. This result means that the negotiation ability of the children with lower levels was improved by the children with higher play levels. Therefore the interaction with the higher play level children had a positive effect on the negotiation ability of the lower level children. Second, children with higher levels within the playing experience of the control and the experimental group were partially different and were generally similar in representation ability and negotiation. Children with higher play levels within the playing experience of the experimental group showed choosing fanciful topic, acting with indirectly elicited props meaning a higher representation ability, and they had a low tendency in choosing every topic meaning a lower representation ability. However, the children with higher levels within the playing experience of the control group and the experimental group were similar to planning pretense, enacting pretense, acting with directly elicited props, acting without props. This result means that the representation ability of the children with higher levels was improved. At least their representation ability was not low. Therefore the interaction with the lower level children had a partially positive effect on the representation ability of the higher level children. The children with higher levels within playing experience of the experimental group showed building-on act meaning a higher negotiation ability. However, the children with higher levels within playing experience of the control group and the experimental group were similar in introduction, extension, acceptance, rejection, revision, conciliation, emphasis, irrelevant act. This result means that the negotiation ability of the children with higher levels was maintained. Therefore the interaction with the lower level children had little effect on the negotiation ability of the higher level children. higher level of sociodramatic play on children's negotiation ability with lower level? 2. What is the effect of the interaction with children of a lower level of sociodramatic play on children's representation ability and negotiation ability with higher level? 2-1. What is the effect of the interaction with children of a lower level of sociodramatic play on children's representation ability with higher level? 2-2. What is the effect of the interaction with children of a lower level of sociodramatic play on children's negotiation ability with higher level? The subjects of this study were five-year old, 32 children from S kindergarten in Suwon who were divided by the sociodramatic play rating scale of Smilansky & Shefatya(1990) into 16 novices and 16 experts. Children were randomly chosen for the experimental or control group. They were participated for 20 minutes 17 times. The data was gathered by post-observation 3 times. The Symbolic Skill scale developed by Black(1989) was used to measure the children's representation ability. The Negotiation Act scale selected in The Intersubjectivity Scale developed by Goncu(1933a) was used to measure the children's negotiation ability. The data was analyzed by t-test. The results of the study were as follows First, The children with lower levels within the playing experience in the control and the experimental group were generally different in representation ability and negotiation ability. The children with lower play levels with playing experience in the experimental group showed enacting pretense, choosing fanciful topic, acting with indirectly elicited props, acting without props meaning a higher representation ability, and they had a low tendency in planning pretense, choosing every day topic, acting with directly elicited props meaning a lower representation ability. This result means that the representation ability of the children with lower levels was improved by the children with higher levels. Therefore the interaction with the higher level children had an positive effect on the representation ability of the lower level children. The children with lower play level within the playing experience in the experimental group showed introduction, extension, building-on, acceptance acts meaning a higher negotiation ability, and they had a low tendency in emphasis, irrelevant act meaning the lower negotiation ability. However, the children with lower levels within the playing experience of the control group and the experimental group were similar to rejection, revision, conciliation act. This result means that the negotiation ability of the children with lower levels was improved by the children with higher play levels. Therefore the interaction with the higher play level children had a positive effect on the negotiation ability of the lower level children. Second, children with higher levels within the playing experience of the control and the experimental group were partially different and were generally similar in representation ability and negotiation. Children with higher play levels within the playing experience of the experimental group showed choosing fanciful topic, acting with indirectly elicited props meaning a higher representation ability, and they had a low tendency in choosing every topic meaning a lower representation ability. However, the children with higher levels within the playing experience of the control group and the experimental group were similar to planning pretense, enacting pretense, acting with directly elicited props, acting without props. This result means that the representation ability of the children with higher levels was improved. At least their representation ability was not low. Therefore the interaction with the lower level children had a partially positive effect on the representation ability of the higher level children. The children with higher levels within playing experience of the experimental group showed building-on act meaning a higher negotiation ability. However, the children with higher levels within playing experience of the control group and the experimental group were similar in introduction, extension, acceptance, rejection, revision, conciliation, emphasis, irrelevant act. This result means that the negotiation ability of the children with higher levels was maintained. Therefore the interaction with the lower level children had little effect on the negotiation ability of the higher level children. higher level of sociodramatic play on children's negotiation ability with lower level? 2. What is the effect of the interaction with children of a lower level of sociodramatic play on children's representation ability and negotiation ability with higher level? 2-1. What is the effect of the interaction with children of a lower level of sociodramatic play on children's representation ability with higher level? 2-2. What is the effect of the interaction with children of a lower level of sociodramatic play on children's negotiation ability with higher level? The subjects of this study were five-year old, 32 children from S kindergarten in Suwon who were divided by the sociodramatic play rating scale of Smilansky & Shefatya(1990) into 16 novices and 16 experts. Children were randomly chosen for the experimental or control group. They were participated for 20 minutes 17 times. The data was gathered by post-observation 3 times. The Symbolic Skill scale developed by Black(1989) was used to measure the children's representation ability. The Negotiation Act scale selected in The Intersubjectivity Scale developed by Goncu(1933a) was used to measure the children's negotiation ability. The data was analyzed by t-test. The results of the study were as follows First, The children with lower levels within the playing experience in the control and the experimental group were generally different in representation ability and negotiation ability. The children with lower play levels with playing experience in the experimental group showed enacting pretense, choosing fanciful topic, acting with indirectly elicited props, acting without props meaning a higher representation ability, and they had a low tendency in planning pretense, choosing every day topic, acting with directly elicited props meaning a lower representation ability. This result means that the representation ability of the children with lower levels was improved by the children with higher levels. Therefore the interaction with the higher level children had an positive effect on the representation ability of the lower level children. The children with lower play level within the playing experience in the experimental group showed introduction, extension, building-on, acceptance acts meaning a higher negotiation ability, and they had a low tendency in emphasis, irrelevant act meaning the lower negotiation ability. However, the children with lower levels within the playing experience of the control group and the experimental group were similar to rejection, revision, conciliation act. This result means that the negotiation ability of the children with lower levels was improved by the children with higher play levels. Therefore the interaction with the higher play level children had a positive effect on the negotiation ability of the lower level children. Second, children with higher levels within the playing experience of the control and the experimental group were partially different and were generally similar in representation ability and negotiation. Children with higher play levels within the playing experience of the experimental group showed choosing fanciful topic, acting with indirectly elicited props meaning a higher representation ability, and they had a low tendency in choosing every topic meaning a lower representation ability. However, the children with higher levels within the playing experience of the control group and the experimental group were similar to planning pretense, enacting pretense, acting with directly elicited props, acting without props. This result means that the representation ability of the children with higher levels was improved. At least their representation ability was not low. Therefore the interaction with the lower level children had a partially positive effect on the representation ability of the higher level children. The children with higher levels within playing experience of the experimental group showed building-on act meaning a higher negotiation ability. However, the children with higher levels within playing experience of the control group and the experimental group were similar in introduction, extension, acceptance, rejection, revision, conciliation, emphasis, irrelevant act. This result means that the negotiation ability of the children with higher levels was maintained. Therefore the interaction with the lower level children had little effect on the negotiation ability of the higher level children. higher level of sociodramatic play on children's negotiation ability with lower level? 2. What is the effect of the interaction with children of a lower level of sociodramatic play on children's representatio nability and negotiation ability with higher level? 2-1. What is the effect of the interaction with children of a lower level of sociodramatic play on children's representation ability with higher level? 2-2. What is the effect of the interaction with children of a lower level of sociodramatic play on children's negotiation ability with higher level? The subjects of this study were five-year old, 32 children from S kindergarten in Suwon who were divided by the sociodramatic play rating scale of Smilansky & Shefatya(1990) into 16 novices and 16 experts. Children were randomly chosen for the experimental or control group. They were participated for 20 minutes 17 times. The data was gathered by post-observation 3 times. The Symbolic Skill scale developed by Black(1989) was used to measure the children's representation ability. The Negotiation Act scale selected in The Intersubjectivity Scale developed by Goncu(1933a) was used to measure the children's negotiation ability. The data was analyzed by t-test. The results of the study were as follows First, The children with lower levels within the playing experience in the control and the experimental group were generally different in representation ability and negotiation ability. The children with lower play levels with playing experience in the experimental group showed enacting pretense, choosing fanciful topic, acting with indirectly elicited props, acting without props meaning a higher representation ability, and they had a low tendency in planning pretense, choosing every day topic, acting with directly elicited props meaning a lower representation ability. This result means that the representation ability of the children with lower levels was improved by the children with higher levels. Therefore the interaction with the higher level children had an positive effect on the representation ability of the lower level children. The children with lower play level within the playing experience in the experimental group showed introduction, extension, building-on, acceptance acts meaning a higher negotiation ability, and they had a low tendency in emphasis, irrelevant act meaning the lower negotiation ability. However, the children with lower levels within the playing experience of the control group and the experimental group were similar to rejection, revision, conciliation act. This result means that the negotiation ability of the children with lower levels was improved by the children with higher play levels. Therefore the interaction with the higher play level children had a positive effect on the negotiation ability of the lower level children. Second, children with higher levels within the playing experience of the control and the experimental group were partially different and were generally similar in representation ability and negotiation. Children with higher play levels within the playing experience of the experimental group showed choosing fanciful topic, acting with indirectly elicited props meaning a higher representation ability, and they had a low tendency in choosing every topic meaning a lower representation ability. However, the children with higher levels within the playing experience of the control group and the experimental group were similar to planning pretense, enacting pretense, acting with directly elicited props, acting without props. This result means that the representation ability of the children with higher levels was improved. At least their representation ability was not low. Therefore the interaction with the lower level children had a partially positive effect on the representation ability of the higher level children. The children with higher levels within playing experience of the experimental group showed building-on act meaning a higher negotiation ability. However, the children with higher levels within playing experience of the control group and the experimental group were similar in introduction, extension, acceptance, rejection, revision, conciliation, emphasis, irrelevant act. This result means that the negotiation ability of the children with higher levels was maintained. Therefore the interaction with the lower level children had little effect on the negotiation ability of the higher level children.

환경미화원복의 기능성 향상을 위한 연구

허진경 이화여자대학교 대학원 2005 국내석사

본 연구는 서울시 각 구청에 소속된 환경미화원을 대상으로 작업복과 보호구의 착의실태에 관한 설문조사를 하여 불편사항과 문제점을 파악하고 이를 토대로 개선방안을 도출하여 동작적응성, 안전성, 방오성 등의 기능성이 향상된 춘추용 환경미화원복을 설계하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 본 연구의 설문조사는 직접관찰과 면담을 통하여 작성되었으며 가로청소와 재활용쓰레기 수거 환경미화원을 대상으로 하였으며 총 392부의 설문지를 분석하였다. 설문조사 결과를 바탕으로 소재, 디자인, 패턴을 고려하여 기능성이 향상된 실험복을 제작하고 외관평가, 동작적응성 평가, 현장 활동 적합성 평가로 이루어진 관능평가와 정량적 평가를 통하여 기존복과 비교평가 하였다. 1. 설문조사 설문조사 결과 작업복에서 잘 해지는 부위는 상의에서 소매 끝과 앞여밈부위, 하의에서 바지 끝과 지퍼부위로 나타났으며 오염이 심한 부위는 상의에서 소매 끝과 팔 부위, 하의에서 바지 끝과 무릎부위로 나타났다. 작업복의 동작에 따른 불편부위로는 상의의 경우 어깨부위, 겨드랑이, 등부위이고 하의의 경우 무릎부위, 엉덩이부위, 허벅지부위가 높게 나타났다. 소재의 만족도를 묻는 문항에서는 통기성과 땀 흡수성의 문항에서 낮은 만족도를 보였다. 작업복에서 중요한 기능에 대한 문항에서는 활동성, 안전성, 기능성(소재) 순으로 나타나 활동성을 가장 중시하는 것으로 조사되었다. 안전보호구는 안전모, 장갑, 작업화, 안전띠의 순으로 모두 90% 이상의 높은 착용률을 보였으며 불편사항으로는 안전띠는 덥고 작업복과 분리되어 활동이 불편하고 토시의 경우는 손목이 죄여 답답하다는 응답이 높게 나타났다. 작업복의 선호하는 디자인의 문항에서 작업복 색상의 경우 상의는 초록색, 하의는 회색을 선호하여 기존 작업복에 대체적으로 만족하였으며 상의의 주머니는 4개를 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 2. 실험복 설계 설문조사 결과를 토대로 소재, 디자인, 패턴을 고려한 실험복을 설계하였다. 실험복의 상·하의 소재는 기존의 고기능 쾌적성 폴리에스테르 섬유인 Coolon?? 소재를 사용하되 소매 끝, 무릎부위, 바지 끝의 오염이 쉽게 되는 부위에는 오염방지 소재인 Teflon?? 소재를 사용하였으며 작업 시 가시성을 높여 안전성을 부여하기 위해 가슴부위, 등부위, 소매옆선, 바지옆선에 재귀반사 소재를 사용하였다. 실험복 디자인 설계는 상의는 기존 주머니의 단추 여밈을 지퍼로 바꾸어주고 앞여밈부위는 단추로 하되 덧단을 대어 작업 시 단추가 걸리지 않도록 설계하였다. 소매 끝과 바지 끝 여밈은 스트링을 달아서 필요시 오므릴 수 있도록 제작 하였다. 또한 패턴 설계는 등 양쪽에 주름분을 각각 4cm씩 주고 소매산을 낮추어 등부위와 팔의 동작적응성을 높였으며 팔꿈치, 무릎부위에 다트를 넣어 입체적으로 설계하고 바지 가랑이 부위에 무를 삽입하여 활동성을 부여하였다. 3. 착의 평가 외관평가, 동작적응성 평가, 현장 활동 적합성 평가로 이루어진 관능평가와 정량적 평가를 실시하였다. 외관평가와 동작적응성 평가는 피험자 7명과 전문가 집단 8명으로 구성된 평가단에 의하여 이루어졌으며 모든 항목에서 기존복보다 실험복이 더 우수한 평가를 받았다. 현장 활동 적합성 평가는 8명의 실제 환경미화원들에 의해 이루어졌으며 상의길이 항목을 제외한 모든 항목에서 더 나은 평가를 받았다. 정량적 평가는 피험자 7명에 대해 동작 시 밑단의 위치 이동길이와 최대동작 범위를 측정한 결과 기존복보다 실험복의 상의 밑단의 위치 이동길이가 더 작게 나타나고 최대동작 범위는 더 크게 측정되어 관능평가 결과를 뒷받침 해 주었다. The purpose of this study is to conduct a questionnaire survey on the actual conditions of the work clothing and protective equipment put on by street cleaners who belonged to each district office of the Seoul Metropolis, then to identify their inconvenience and problems and to draw solutions to improve them, and finally to design a spring-and-autumn street cleaner uniform which has enhanced functionalities such as motional flexibility, safety and soil proof. The questionnaire survey of this study was done by observations and interviews. It was conducted with street cleaners who were in charge of street cleaning and collecting the recyclable waste. A total of 392 questionnaire sheets were analyzed. Based on the results of the questionnaire survey, material, design and pattern were considered. Then the sample uniforms, of which functionality was enhanced, were made. A quantitative evaluation and a sensory evaluation, which consisted of outward appearance, motional flexibility and fitness for filed operation, were made on the sample uniforms compared with the current uniforms. 1. Questionnaire Survey As a result of the questionnaire survey, easily worn-out parts of the work clothing were the sleeve hems and the front part on the upper uniform, and the trouser hems and zipper on the lower uniform. Easily soiled parts were the sleeve hems, parts of arm on the upper uniform, and the trouser hems and knee parts on the lower uniform. Regarding inconvenient parts according to the motions of the work clothing, those that accounted for a high percentage were the parts of shoulder, armpit and back on the upper uniform, and the parts of knee, hip and thigh on the lower uniform. With regard to questions about satisfaction with material, a low satisfaction was found in the questions of ventilation and absorptiveness for sweat. Regarding questions about important functions of the working clothing, activity made up the highest percentage, followed by safety and functionality(material), which implicated activity was considered most important. In respect to protective equipment for safety, the safety helmet accounted for the highest percentage, followed by gloves, working shoes and safety belt, all of which showed as high rates of wearing as more than 90%. As for inconvenient points, responses which took up a high percentage included the safety belt make a worker hot, the safety belt is separated from the working clothing, so it is inconvenient for working and the wristlets tighten wrists and make a worker feel stuffy. In questions about favorite designs of the working clothing, the favorite color of the upper uniform was green while that of the lower uniform was gray, which indicated that the subjects were generally satisfied with the current working clothing. With regard to the upper uniform, the type with four pockets was preferred. 2. Sample Uniform Design Based on the results of the questionnaire survey, the sample uniforms were designed in consideration of material, design and pattern. Coolon??, the existing high-functional and comfortable polyester fiber, was used for the upper and lower sample uniforms. Yet, Teflon??, a soil-proof material, was used for easily soiled parts such as sleeve hems, knee parts and trouser hems. Reflective material was applied to the parts such as chest, back and the side lines of sleeves and trousers to raise visibility in working and to ensure safety. Regarding sample uniform design, zipper is substituted for button on existing pockets. The front part was complete with buttons, but an outer hem was added so that the buttons would not get caught during work. Strings were attached on the hems of sleeves and trousers, so as to tighten them if necessary. For a pattern design, moreover, a 4cm crease was given to each side of the back. The height of sleeve cap was lowered to lift the motional flexibility of back and arm parts. Darts were applied to elbow and knee parts for a three-dimensional design. Gussets were inserted in the thigh part to give it activity. 3. Evaluation of Samples A quantitative evaluation and a sensory evaluation, which was composed of outward appearance, motional flexibility and fitness for field operation, were conducted. Seven subjects and eight experts evaluated outward appearance and motional flexibility. As a result, the sample uniforms were evaluated more highly in all items than the current uniforms. Fitness for the field operation was evaluated by eight street cleaners. The sample uniforms were evaluated more highly in all items except the one about the length of the upper uniform. The quantitative evaluation was done by seven subjects to measure the difference of the length in the bottom and the maximum movement range. As a result, the sample uniforms had a less difference of the length in the bottom of the upper uniform than the current uniforms. The sample uniforms also showed a higher range of maximum movement. This supported the results of the sensory evaluation.

C. A. Debussy의 가곡 Quatre chansons de jeunesse에 관한 연구

허진경 동의대학교 대학원 2006 국내석사

드뷔시는, 근대 음악사에 있어 독일의 낭만주의에 대한 반동으로 일어난 프랑스 인상주의를 발전시킨 대표적인 작곡가이자, 프랑스 가곡의 3대 거장 중 한명이다. 그의 가곡은 미술의 인상주의와 문학의 상징주의의 영향을 받아, 시와 음악을 훌륭하게 조화시켰다고 평가 받고 있다. 그 중 드뷔시의 초기 가곡집인『Quatre chansons de jeunesse』에 관한 연구가 본 논문의 목적이다. 본 논문에서 드뷔시의 음악적 특징과 그의 가곡 전반에 걸쳐 살펴본 후, 본 가곡집에 실린 4개의 가곡에 대하여 시의 내용과 형식 및 화성, 선율, 리듬, 반주형태 등을 분석하였다. 그 결과 드뷔시의 『Quatre chansons de jeunesse』는 상징주의 시의 노랫말에, 인간내면의 심상을 효과적으로 표현하기 위해 시의 내용과 분위기에 따라 다양한 음악적 구성을 취하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 즉 성악 선율에 있어서는 음역이 높고 넓은 것이 특징이며, 프랑스어의 언어 감각에 어울리게 음을 배열하여 드뷔시만의 독특한 인상주의적 작곡 기법을 나타내고 있다. 반주부는 특징적인 음형과 동기로 일관하거나, 선법, 비기능적 화성, 다양한 리듬 등을 사용하여 시의 분위기를 인상주의적 기법을 이용해 색채적으로 묘사하고 있다. In modern music history, Claude Achille Debussy(1862~1918) was a representative composer or developer of the French impressionism which was developed as a reaction German romanticism and one of the three great masters of French song. Debussy's songs were influenced by impressionistic painting and symbolistic literature and combined poetry and music with ambiguous harmony. This thesis is a studying of Debussy's early works 『Quatre chansons de jeunesse』(1881~1884) I reviewed the evolvement of French Song, the impressionism and symbolism, Debussy's musical characteristic, and his songs in general. And I analyzed the content of and form of the poetry, harmony, melody, rhythm and accompaniment of the four songs in『Quatre chansons de jeunesse』 Debussy's 『Quatre chansons de jeunesse』express the image of the inner sense of human beings by containing many extreme leaps in the melodic line and being of a high tessitura with the content and mood of poetry. In other words, in the melody of the vocal part, its tessitura is high and wide, and it is arranged in harmony with the French language. In the arrangement, we can find the impressionistic techniques of Debussy. And the accompaniment portrays the atmosphere of the poetry colorfully by being consistent in the shape of tone and the characteristic motive, and using modes, nonfunctional harmonies and varied rhythms

멀티미디어 객체 활성화를 이용한 분산처리 시스템

허진경 朝鮮大學校 大學院 2004 국내박사

Quantity of data delivered with network managed and with server are increasing according to development of communication technology. Also, service in World Wide Web was generalized in several fields, and multimedia applications were advanced in various internet environment. So that various problems are occurred due to service change with development of technology and user's request. It is necessary that multimedia system processes a lot of data in one place. As a result, service quality is lowered due to increased network traffic and system overload. We need that system should be improved in quality of service to process multimedia data. This paper describes a new approach for design and implementation of distributed multimedia processing system. The method is based on object activation, and can be used for saving serviceable object in disk and memory resource requested by client. To reduce server's overload, client's request is divided into preprocessing and postprocessing. Main server handles postprocessing and distributed servers manage preprocessing. This algorithm is implemented in 3-Tier architecture and utilizes distributed object activation skill to achieve consistent system. And also the algorithm improve maintenance labor and reusability because of adopting 3-Tier architecture. Main server's overload can be separated from sub-servers that use RMI technology. It can solve server's overload and data bottle-neck problem by optimizing processing interaction between distributed servers. Distributed object activation method can provides persistency in distributed data processing system when more than one of distributed servers fail to treat the data. It does not require to use additional CPU time or memory resource even if some of distributed servers are in failure. The algorithm capability was qualified by applying to image preprocessing technology. Preprocessing technologies used in verification are noise reduction with median filtering, image enhancement with histogram equalization and edge detection using Sobel edge operator. From the experiment, it is known that the algorithm improves service peformance with 84% in preprocessing time even though partial process of assistant server is in error

대화적 방법에 의한 화상합성용 윤곽선 추출의 고속화 알고리즘

허진경 朝鮮大學校 大學院 2000 국내석사

Contour extraction is a method that abstracts an object having a specific meaning and has important meaning in image processing. The chroma-key method, such as abstracting a specific domain, has been widely used. But this method has a defect that is not applicable to free picture because it requires specific photographing circumstances. The video-matto, which abstracts objects by directly using one's hands, has been developed and put to practical use as a method that is applicable to free picture. But this method requires a skilled technique because a precise boundary of domain designated by pixel units is required. There are suggested methods to solve this defect. First, appointing objects that are wanted is simply done by using a mouse. Second, domain abstraction is automatically done by image processing. In this paper, a faster approach about thinning method to abstract a precise boundary is presented. This method is able to apply to free picture, simplify the appointing of a wanted domain and control the occurrence of branch lines. It keeps the line connection and boundary width at one pixel. Also it does not require specific parameter, such as critical value, and has a lot of practical features.

문장구성요소 조합 활동을 활용한 초등학교 영어 문장 쓰기 학습 효과

허진경 한국교원대학교 교육대학원 2011 국내석사

문장 쓰기가 시작되는 단계에 있는 초등 6학년 학습자들은 구두로 익힌 구문의 암기에만 의존해서 문장을 쓰고 있기에 쓰기의 부담감을 가지고 있다. 또한 학습자들은 영어로 문장을 구성하는 능력이 부족하기 때문에 조금만 변형된 새로운 문장을 표현하는 것에도 어려움을 느낀다. 문장은 자신이 나타내고 싶은 생각을 표현하는 가장 기본적인 단위이므로 기본적인 문장을 정확하고 유창하게 쓸 수 있어야 한다. 이에 본 연구는 문장을 이루는 구성요소를 이해하고 이를 연결하고 나누고 조합하는 활동을 활용한 문장 쓰기 학습을 구안하여 학습자의 쓰기 능력과 정의적 태도에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고 현장 적용 가능성을 탐색하는 데 목적이 있다. 본 연구를 위해 초등학교 6학년 학습자 55명을 대상으로 총 26주 52시간에 걸쳐 실험을 실시하였다. 사전 평가로 실험집단과 통제집단을 선정하여 실험집단에는 문장구성요소 조합 활동을 활용한 문장 쓰기 학습을 실시하였으며 통제집단에는 일반적인 교과서의 쓰기 학습을 실시하였다. 연구 자료로는 사전․중간․사후 쓰기 능력 검사와 정의적 영역 설문 검사를 통하여 자료를 수집하고 그 결과를 알아보았다. 위 연구의 결과를 정리해보면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 쓰기 능력을 구성하는 평가 요소로 맞춤법, 어법, 문장 의미 면에서 실험집단은 통제집단에 비해 중간, 사후 평가에서 모두 평균의 상승이 있었으며 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 이것은 문장구성요소를 이해하고 동사 중심으로 문장구성요소를 조합하여 문장을 생성하는 활동이 학습자의 쓰기 능력 향상에 효과적임을 보여준다. 둘째, 정의적 영역의 평가 요소인 흥미도, 자신감, 참여도 면에서 실험집단이 통제집단보다 높은 평균의 상승을 보였으며 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타냈다. 따라서 문장구성요소 조합 활동을 활용한 문장 쓰기는 학습자들이 문장을 자연스럽게 이해하고 산출하도록 하여 영어 쓰기에 대한 흥미도와 자신감, 참여도의 향상에도 긍정적인 영향을 주었다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 고려해 볼 수 있는 교육적인 시사점은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 쓰기 능력의 향상을 위해서 교사는 학습자들이 많은 오류를 산출한다고 하여도 직접 손으로 써볼 수 있는 기회를 많이 제공해야 한다. 이때 문장구성요소를 이해하고, 동사와 나머지 구성요소와의 의미관계를 생각하며 구성요소를 조합하는 활동이 쓰기 능력의 향상을 가져올 수 있다. 둘째, 학습자의 흥미와 자신감을 유발하는 문장 쓰기 활동 자료의 개발이 필요하다. 쓰기의 목적을 제공하고 학습 동기를 유발하도록 모험시도 과제를 제시하여 학습의 초기부터 쓰기와 생각을 연결지으며 문장 구성을 원활히 함으로써, 차츰 상급학교에서의 어휘나 문법의 암기 부담을 줄여주도록 한다. 결론적으로, 문장구성요소 조합 활동을 활용한 문장 쓰기 학습은 학습자의 쓰기 능력과 정의적 태도의 향상에 효과적인 방법이었다. 따라서 동사 중심의 문장구성요소 조합 활동을 활용하여 단계적으로 문장 쓰기 활동을 함으로써 문장구성능력을 증진시켜 학습자의 쓰기 능력의 향상이 이루어질 수 있다.

임프란트 고정체의 직경 및 길이의 변화에 따른 유한요소법적 응력분석

허진경 조선대학교 대학원 2001 국내석사

With increasing demand of the implant-supported prosthesis. it is advantageous to use the fixtures of different diameters and lengths according to bone quantity and quality of the patients. The purpose of this study was to assess the loading distributing characteristics of three implant designs according to diameter and length of fixtures, under vertical and inclined, loading using FEA analysis. The three kinds of finite element models were designed according to diameter and length of fixtures (4.Omm x 11.5mm. 5.Omm x 11.5mm, 5.0 mmx 8.5mm). The crown for mandibular first molar was made using UCLA abutment. Each three-dimensional finite element model was created with the physical properties of the implant and surrounding bone. This study simulated loads of 200N at the central fossa in a vertical direction, 200N at the outside point of the central fossa with resin filling into screw hole in a vertical direction and 200N at the buccal cusp in a 30° transverse direction individually. Von Mises stresses were recorded and compared in the supporting bone, fixtures, and abutment screws. The results were as follows : 1. Bending moments resulting from non-axial loading of dental implants may cause stress concentrations on cortical bone. The magnitude of the stress was greater with the oblique loading. 2. The stresses were concentrated mainly at the cortex in both vertical and oblique loading but the stresses in the cancellous bone were low in both vertical and oblique loading. 3. Increasing the diameter of the implant decreases the stress in the bone, fixture and screw. There was no large difference of stress pattern in the bone. fixture and screw between wide and long fixture and wide and short fixture. 4. Increasing the length of an implant does not proportionately reduce force transfered to the bone. Also, a further increase in implant length will not be significantly beneficial. Conclusively, it showed tendency to decreased the supporting bone, fixture and screw when fixture diameter is increased. The wide diameter fixture is more advantageous than the small diameter fixture due to the little stress. But, further studies are necessary to determine the ideal protocol for the successful placement of wide-diameter implants.

과학기술관련 사회쟁점(SSI)수업이 중학교 과학 학습부진학생의 학업성취도와 과학에 대한 태도에 미치는 효과

허진경 한국교원대학교 교육대학원 2022 국내석사

본 연구는 과학기술관련 사회쟁점(Socioscientific Issue, 이하 SSI)수업을 실시하여 과학 학습부진학생의 학업성취도와 과학에 대한 태도에 미치는 효과를 분석하여 학업성취도 향상에 효과적인 교수법에 대해 시사점을 얻는 데 목적이 있다. 연구 참여자는 D 시에 있는 G 중학교 3학년 학생 185명이다. 전체 학생을 대상으로 수업을 진행하였으며 그 중 학습부진학생으로 37명을 선별하여 분석하였다. 학습부진학생 선별은 3단계를 걸쳐 진행되었다. 1차 선별은 3월 중학교 2학년 내용에 해당하는 국가 수준 성취도 평가 문항을 활용하여 실시하였다. 2차 선별은 1차 평가에서 낮은 결과를 얻은 학생들과 면담을 통해 학생들의 과학에 대한 선호도를 확인하여 선호도가 낮은 학생들을 선별하였다. 3차 선별은 직접 개발한 평가 문항으로 실시하였다. 과학에 대한 태도는 과학에 대한 흥미와 즐거움, 과학적 참여와 평생학습 능력에 대해 분석하였다. 2021년 1학기에 전체 학생을 대상으로 2가지 SSI 주제(기후변화를 늦추기 위한 일상생활 속 실천 방법, 어린이 보호 구역에서 자동차 속력 제한)를 총 7차시로 구성하여 수업을 진행하였다. 학습부진학생의 참여도를 높이기 위해 학생들이 일상생활에서 쉽게 접할 수 있는 지역사회 문제로 수업 주제를 선정하였다. 각 주제별로 첫 번째 수업에서는 개념 탐색 및 의사결정, 두 번째 수업에서는 자료 공유 및 토의를 통한 모둠 의견 결정, 마지막 수업에서는 지역사회를 위한 홍보물 제작을 하였다. 수집한 자료는 학업성취도와 과학에 대한 태도 변화를 확인할 수 있는 사전·사후 검사지, 교사의 관찰 일지, 학생 면담 자료이다. 학업성취도 검사지는 2015 개정 과학과 교육과정의 성취 수준 ‘하’에 해당하는 문항으로 구성하였고, 과학에 대한 태도 검사지의 경우 OECD/PISA의 학생용 설문지 번안의 일부 문항과 2015 개정 과학과 교육과정에 기초한 과학과 핵심역량 연구에서 사용한 문항 일부를 사용하였다. 수집한 자료는 SPSS 12.0 통계 프로그램을 활용하여 분석하였다. 학업성취도 변화를 확인하기 위해 사후-사전 간의 차이를 비모수 검정 윌콕슨 부호 순위 검정(Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test)으로 처리하여 분석하였으며, 과학에 대한 태도 변화를 확인하기 위해 사전-사후 간의 차이를 대응 표본 t-검정으로 처리하여 분석하였다. 그 결과 첫째, 학업성취도는 전체 학생 집단에서 성취도가 향상한 비율은 43.2%였고, 과학 학습부진학생 집단의 경우 성취도가 향상한 비율은 75.7%였다. 둘째, 과학에 대한 태도는 통계적으로 유의한(p<.05) 변화가 없었다. 연구 결과를 통해 SSI 수업이 과학 학습부진학생의 학업성취도 향상에 긍정적인 효과가 있다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 한 학기 34차시 수업 중 7차시의 짧은 수업으로 진행되어 과학에 대한 태도의 경우 유의미한 변화가 없었다. 하지만 기존 강의식 수업에서는 참여가 없었던 학습부진학생이 수업에 적극적으로 참여하며 지역사회 홍보물을 제작하는 모습을 관찰하였다. 또한 면담에서 친숙하고 이해하기 쉬운 일상생활 관련 주제로 수업에 흥미를 느끼고 수업 참여도가 높았다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 학습부진학생의 학습을 지원하는데 학생들의 일상과 연계된 주제로 학생 실천이 요구되는 수업이 효과적이라는 결론을 내릴 수 있으며, 이러한 수업 연구를 보다 많은 사례에 적용하여 그 효과를 일반화할 수 있는지 확인할 필요가 있다.

게이밍 기어의 특성이 행동의도에 미치는 영향: 확장된 기술수용모형이론을 중심으로

허진경 홍익대학교 광고홍보대학원 2021 국내석사

게임의 파급력은 게임 뿐 아니라 영화, 애니메이션, 그리고 실감기술을 이용한 다양 한 분야에 이르기까지 그 영향력이 상당히 크며 향후 미래 성장이 기대된다. 본 연구 는 게이밍기어와 같은 혁신 제품들이 어떠한 이유에서 사용되는지 이유를 규명하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 기술수용모델(TAM)과 후기수용모델(PAM)을 활용하여 게이밍기 어의 제품 혁신성, 제품 심미성, 제품 품질성이 지각된 유용성, 지각된 이용 용이성, 지각된 유희성에 유의미한 영향을 미치는지, 또 이는 제품 재구매 의도에 양향을 미치 는가의 연구와 관련된 선행연구를 고찰하고 그 이론에 기반한 요인들을 도출함으로써 연구모형을 설정하고 이를 실증적으로 검증함으로써 시사점을 얻고자 하였다. 기존의 기술수용모델은 주로 지각된 유용성, 지각된 이용용이성의 두 가지 요인을 주요하게 언급하고 있고, 이후에 등장한 확장된 기술수용모델들 역시 이 두 가지 주요 요인들은 그대로 두고 여기에 영향을 미치는 다양한 외생요인들을 규명하는데 초점을 맞추고 있다. 본 연구에서는 ‘게이밍’이라는 맥락에 맞추어 지각된 유용성과 이용용이성 이외 에 유희성이 주요한 요인이 될 것으로 보고 이를 확장하였다. 또한 주요 외생변수 역시 게이밍 기어의 특성인 혁신성, 심미성, 품질성으로 설정했다는 점에서 차별점을 지닌다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같이 요약될 수 있다. 첫째, 게이밍 기어의 특성 중 제품 혁신성은 지각된 유용성과 지각된 용이성 그리고 지각된 유희성 모두에게 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 아무래도 다른 분야에 비해 게임은 새로운 기술이 빠르게 접목되는 분야이다 보니 이러한 결과는 새로운 기능들이 있더라도 유용성, 용이성, 유희성 등 소비자들의 필요와 욕구를 충족 시키는 제품이라면 결국은 게임을 즐기는데 사용하기 위해 구입할 것이라는 사항을 알게 해 준다. 둘째, 게이밍 기어의 특성 중 제품 심미성과 매개변수인 기술수용모델의 변인들 간 의 관계 역시 앞서 혁신성이 미치는 영향과 커다란 차이는 없지만, 게이밍 기어의 심미성이 높게 인지될수록 유용성 역시 높게 인지될 것으로 예상하였으나, 가설 검증 결과 역가설이 채택되어 지각된 유용성에는 오히려 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다는 점 역시 주목할 만한 시사점이다. 이는 아직까지 제품의 디자인적인 측면 에서 기업들인 노력해야 할 부분이 상당히 보인다는 측면으로 이해된다. 셋째, 게이밍 기어의 특성 중 제품 품질성은 지각된 유용성과 지각된 용이성에만 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 품질 특성들에 대한 이용자의 만족으 로 연결되는 부분이라 게임의 목적에 맞게 품질성이 우수해야 하는 것은 물론이며, 쉽게 이용 가능하다는 면이 본 연구결과에 중요한 부분이라고 할 수 있다. 넷째, 지각된 용이성은 지각된 유용성과 지각된 유희성에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 게이밍 기어를 통해 쉽게 게임에 접근하여 게임의 목적을 달성 할 수 있으며, 그에 따라 게임의 즐거움 또한 높아진다는 결과로 보여진다. 마지막으로, 지각된 유용성 그리고 지각된 용이성, 지각된 유희성 모두 제품 재구매 의도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 게임의 목적에 맞게 게이밍 기어가 제공 된다면 이용자로 하여금 제품을 재구매하려는 의지가 높아진다는 결과로 해석된다.