한국자동차산업의 산업방식 변화에 따른 노사관계에 관한 연구 : 현대자동차를 중심으로

조재우 한남대학교 1998 국내석사

보행 시 종아리 압박 강도가 보행 패턴, 장딴지근의 운동 단위, 에너지 소비량 및 주관적 평가에 미치는 영향

조재우 서울대학교 대학원 2023 국내석사

As the demand for improving the quality of life increases with the development of technology, various wearable robots for rehabilitation and improvement of movement have been developed. Nevertheless, researches on the appropriate level of anchor compression are insufficient. In particular, in the case of walking-assisted wearable robots, sufficient anchoring force is required to effectively transmit assistance force, but as the anchoring force increases, negative effects including discomfort occur. The purpose of this study was to propose a method for selecting an appropriate anchoring compression level considering the aforementioned trade-off. I investigated the effect of different calf anchoring compression levels on the walking pattern, motor unit, energy consumption, and perceptual responses. Five adult males participated in the experiment. The participants walked at their preferred walking speed for 5 min on the instrumented treadmill with 15% incline, and performed isometric ankle plantarflexion at 60% of maximal voluntary contraction for 20 s before and after incline walking under 4 conditions (0%, 20%, 40%, 60% of limb occlusion pressure (LOP)). During walking, the metabolic variables (oxygen consumption per minute, heart rate) and walking pattern (peak ankle plantarflexion angle and angular velocity, and stride length) were measured. The motor unit behaviors (peak motor unit action potential amplitude, recruitment threshold, average firing rate) of the gastrocnemius during isometric plantarflexion of ankle were measured. I compared the differences between before and after walking. The results showed significant differences in calf discomfort (p<0.001), ratings of perceived exertion (p<0.001), ankle plantarflexion angle (p=0.013), angular velocity (p=0.03), and stride length (p=0.03), On the other hand, there was no significant difference in oxygen consumption, heart rate, and motor unit behavior of gastrocnemius. Comparing 4 conditions, the increase in oxygen consumption, discomfort of calf, and RPE were greatest at the 40% LOP. The decrease in the ankle plantarflexion angle, angular velocity and stride length related to walking patterns were most pronounced at the 60% LOP. By analyzing the motor unit behaviors of each participant, I found that the size of additionally recruited motor units and average firing rate increased when ankle movement was maintained while the calf was compressed at 60% LOP. This result suggests that calf anchoring at 60% LOP could cause fatigue of the gastrocnemius during incline walking. This is the first study that suggests a method for quantifying the anchoring pressure of wearable devices using LOP. In conclusion, when designing wearable robots, the subjective assessment of the wearer should be considered. In addition, it is recommended to keep the compression level below 40% LOP to minimize the negative effects on the energy cost and subjective assessment. The experiment results also suggest that the anchoring pressure should be kept below 60% LOP to avoid any significant change in the function of the gastrocnemius. 기술의 발전과 더불어 삶의 질 향상에 대한 수요가 증가하면서, 재활 및 움직임 개선을 위한 다양한 착용형 로봇이 활발히 개발되고 있지만 적절한 앵커(anchor)의 압박 강도와 관련한 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 특히 보행 보조 착용형 로봇의 경우 앵커가 효과적으로 힘을 전달하기 위해서는 충분한 강도의 압박이 필요하지만 압박 강도 증가에 따라 불편함을 포함한 부정적 효과가 발생하게 된다. 본 연구의 목적은 이러한 상충관계를 고려하여 압박 강도를 체계적이고 정량적으로 설정하기 위한 방법론을 제시하고, 적절한 앵커링 가이드 라인을 제시하는 것이다 본 연구에서는 종아리 압박 보행 시 압박 강도에 따른 보행 패턴과 장딴지근의 운동 단위, 에너지 소비량, 주관적 평가의 차이를 조사하였다. 성인 남성 5명을 대상으로 사지 폐쇄 압력(limb occlusion pressure, LOP)의 0%, 20%, 40%, 60% 강도로 종아리를 압박한 후 선호 보행 속도로 5분간 15% 경사 보행을 수행하게 하여 각 압박 강도 조건에 따른 에너지 대사 변인(분당 산소 소비량, 심박수)과 보행 패턴(보행 시 최대 발목 발바닥 굽힘 각도와 각속도, 한 걸음의 길이)을 측정하고 종아리 통증과 운동자각도에 대한 설문을 진행하였다. 또한 네 가지 압박 강도 조건 하에서 경사 보행을 수행한 전과 후에 발목의 등척성 굽힘 시 장딴지근의 운동 단위 변인(운동 단위 활동 전위의 최대 진폭, 동원 역치, 평균 발화율)을 측정하여 비교하였다. 실험 및 분석 결과 보행 시 종아리 압박 강도에 따른 종아리 불편감(p < 0.001) 및 운동 자각도(p < 0.001)와 발목 발바닥 굽힘 각도(p = 0.013) 및 각속도(p = 0.03), 한 걸음의 길이(p = 0.03)는 유의한 차이를 보였지만, 산소 소비량 및 심박수와 장딴지근의 운동 단위는 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 압박 강도 별로 변화량을 비교한 결과, 40% LOP의 압박 강도에서 산소 소비량의 증가량과 종아리 불편감 및 운동 자각도의 증가량이 가장 크게 증가하였다. 또한 보행 패턴의 경우, 발목 발바닥쪽 굽힘 각도 및 각속도와 한 걸음의 길이 감소는 60% LOP 조건에서 가장 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 각 연구 참여자의 운동 단위 변인을 개별적으로 분석한 결과, 60% LOP 조건에서 경사 보행 시 발목 움직임이 상대적으로 유지된 피험자만 사후 측정에서 추가 모집된 운동 단위의 크기와 평균 발화율이 증가하는 것을 발견하였다. 이는 60% LOP 강도의 종아리 압박이 경사 보행 시 장딴지근의 피로를 유발할 수 있는 가능성을 시사한다. 본 연구는 사지 폐쇄 압력을 이용하여 착용형 로봇의 앵커링 강도의 정량화를 시도하고 그 방법론을 제시한 첫 연구인 점에서 의의가 있다. 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 보행 보조 착용형 로봇의 설계 시 착용자의 주관적 평가를 반드시 고려해야하며, 종아리 앵커링이 에너지 소비량과 주관적인 착용감에 부정적인 영향을 끼치지 않기 위해서는 40% LOP 이하로 앵커링 강도를 설정하는 것이 권고된다. 그리고 장딴지근의 기능 변화를 유발하지 않기 위해서는 최대 60% LOP를 초과하지 않아야 할 것이다.

The effect of postoperative lateral wall fracture on the end results of pertrochanteric fracture treated with intramedullary nailing using PFNA

조재우 고려대학교 대학원 2010 국내석사

Abstract Objective: The aims of our study were to find out the incidence of postoperative lateral wall fracture and the influence of the integrity of the lateral femoral wall on the rate of reoperations following treatment of pertrochanteric fracture with PFNA and to evaluate the factors responsible for fracture healing in pertrochanteric fractures treated with PFNA. Material and methods We included all pertrochanteric fracture patients. At the initial assessment there were 231 A1 (111), A2 (120) fractures and we have 60 A3 fractures. 60 lateral wall fractured patients which observed preoperatively (A3) were excluded from this study. Among 231 A1(111), A2(120) patients, 164 patients completed follow up and were included for the analysis. We divided these patients into two groups depending upon the presence of postoperative lateral wall fracture. One hundred twelve patients (68%) fell into Group1 which included all patients with intact lateral wall pre & postoperatively. (60 A1, 52 A2) The other fifty two patients were categorized into Group 2, which included all patients with intact preoperative lateral wall fracture, but postoperative lateral wall fracture. (17 A1, 35 A2) Evaluation included meticulous assessment of preoperative and postoperative radiographs and of radiographs taken at final follow-up. Pre and Post-operative CT scans when available were also used. The fracture union and failure were evaluated by serial plain radiographs. The quality of fracture reduction , blade position, TAD, & amount of blade sliding were evaluated for evaluating the factors which influence the fracture healing. Results The incidence of postoperative lateral wall fracture was 31%(52/164). Fracture healed successfully in 158 patients (96%, 158/164) with failure in only 6 patients(4%). Between 2 groups, there were no significant statistical differences in age, sex, quality of reduction, blade position, TAD and amount of sliding. (Table 1&3) Furthermore, the failure rate of PFNA when lateral wall fracture occurred is 3.9% and there is no statistical difference comparing the failure rate of intact lateral wall group(3.6%). (P=0.93, Chi-square test) Age, Sex, fracture type, presence of lateral wall fracture, TAD and blade position were found to have no important effect on outcome. But according to quality of reduction, there is statistical difference in outcome. Comparing the good quality of reduction, poor quality of reduction had important effect on the outcome (P=0.0335) in the Cox’s PH regression test. And, the amount of sliding which represents the fracture collapse was also found to have an important effect on the outcome (P=0.0045) in the Cox’s PH regression test. Conclusion The presence of lateral wall fractures did not affect adversely on the fracture healing in the treatment of pertrochanteric fractures with PFNA. At the presence of lateral wall fracture in pertrochanteric fracture, PFNA could be a choice of treatment option.

홈쇼핑을 통한 농산물 유통 개선방안에 관한 연구

조재우 중앙대학교 산업경영대학원 2002 국내석사

Home shopping dealings of fresh foods simply remains at the level of products publicity due to the character of products it self and poor given conditions, so various scheme to activate it should be prepared. The sales of local special product standardized and being not perishable, of processed food, and of products of high recognition degree should take precedence considering the characteristics of products. For that, presentation of firm vision by government, continuous education and strengthening publicity activities are needed. In the aspect of efficiency of farm products distribution by home shopping, the several economic effects are expected first, development of high value-added products second, construction of distribution standardization & system third, products publicity by on-line fourth, raising recognition of custom ers fourth, diversification of farm products distribution and improvement of competitiveness through strengthening confidence between customers and suppliers. In the long run, grade-zation and standardization of fresh farm products, establishment of information infra in a farm region, development of continuous skills, improvement of related laws and system and cultivating the professions of home shopping dealings are gradually needed, keeping inter-feedback with middle·short-term plans. First of all, subsidiary measures to support the stability and effective food specialized home shopping for revitalization of farm products home shopping dealings are needed. The idea of entrusting the distribution of farm products we produce to an or ganization or agency would only become an obstacle for independent development of farm products distribution through home shopping. With direct, positive participation in marketing activities by producers and in physical distribution and distribution course, a support from organizations such as NONGHYUP, an agricultural cooperative, is necessary. To revitalize the distribution of farm products by home shopping, first of all the analysis of farm products distribution on the basis of exact understanding of present home shopping business and of tension relations between on-line of home shopping and off-line of the existing distribution structure should be made.

비동맹 회의와 한국 : 관계변화와 요인분석

조재우 高麗大學校 1986 국내석사

계층적 퍼지추론을 이용한 유분농도 추정모델

조재우 부산대학교 2010 국내석사

This study describes oil content measuring system having reasonable performance which satisfy requirements of revised MARPOL 73/78. The oil tanker ship over 150 GRT must equip oil content meter from 2009. On-line measurement of oil content in complex samples is required to have fast response, continuous measurement, and satisfaction of ±10ppm or ±10% error in this field. commercialized products are depending on the importation and having high cost. And, there are not enough methods to minimize floating material. The research of this paper is to develop low cost oil content measurement system based on domestic skill which minimize the floating material such as sand and oxidized steel. I built a oil content measurement system based on light scattering and transmission method. The kerosene oil is experimented as a sample and the oil content approximately ranged from 0ppm to 1000ppm. HFCM(Hierarchical Fuzzy c-means)-TSK fuzzy inference model may be robustly suitable to associate variously derived spectral signals with specific content of oil having various interfering factors. The proposed model are consisted of three models. They are correcting the error about floating material. The system performance is evaluated by cross validation and compared with Hierarchical TSK and FCM-TSK fuzzy inference models. Proposed HFCM-TSK fuzzy inference model has stable and good performance in comparison with other two models.

唐 前期 邊境 節度使 體制의 成立過程 : 邊州·ㆍ都護府에서 節度使로

조재우 동국대학교 2015 국내석사

As is generally known, the system of frontier defense in early T'ang(唐) was changed from the system of Bianzhou Dudufu(邊州都督府) and Duhufu(都護府) into the system of Jiedushi(節度使) on the frontiers. Then the system of Bianzhou Dudufu and Duhufu was generally the system of frontier defense in T'ang which defended the territory of T'ang and governed Jimifuzhou(羈縻府州) within its jurisdiction district focusing on Bianzhou Dudufu and Duhufu founded inside and outside the frontiers of T'ang. Bianzhou Dudufu controlled small-scale frontier defense facilities in Zhen(鎭) and Shu(戍) scattered in frontier regions on the basis of Fubing System(府兵制) in peace time, whereas Fangren(防人) dispatched to such Zhen and Shu was organized into Xingjun(行軍) to be also mobilized in the foreign expeditions of T'ang in time of emergency. Moreover, as the peripheral nations surrendering within the frontiers of T'ang according to the expansion policy in the period of Taizong(太宗) and Gaozong(高宗) were organized into Jimifuzhou to be controlled by Bianzhou Dudufu, Bianzhou Dudufu dispatched Chinese public officials(漢官) to its subordinate officials in Jimifuzhou within its jurisdiction district to monitor and control the chieftains of foreign tribe villages administratively, as well as utilized these Jimifuzhou villages as Foreign Army(蕃兵). Through the military and administrative control of such Bianzhou Dudufu, T'ang dynasty utilized Jimifuzhou both as the military force source of T'ang army and as the buffer zone between T'ang territory and foreign powers. On the other hand, along with Bianzhou Dudufu, Duhufu was the central organization for frontier strategy in early T'ang, which began by setting up Anxi Duhufu(安西都護府) in 640 and was widely formed by conquering and appeasing peripheral tribes mainly. Generally, Duhufu played the role of controlling Jimifuzhou within its jurisdiction district militarily and administratively like Bianzhou Dudufu within its frontiers, and instituted garrison troops(鎭守軍) in order to prevent Jimifuzhou within its jurisdiction from betraying it because it was constituted in occupied areas outside its frontiers. However, these garrison troops were not operated in large-scale corps like later military towns(軍鎭) since T'ang overwhelmed peripheral powers in the period of Taizong and Gaozong. Thus, as the power relationship between T'ang and between peripheral powers was reversed in the 670s, the control of Duhufu based upon garrison troops was weakened, so that Duhufu gradually fell or retreated toward its frontiers, which resulted in the overall retreat of frontier dense lines in T'ang dynasty. So, as the existing system of Bianzhou Dudufu and Duhufu was gradually disturbed in the period of Gaozong(高宗) and WuZetian(武則天), Xingjun as the field army, which had been temporarily organized to perform its particular mission originally, began to be stationed in frontier central areas. This phenomenon was natural in that, owing to the entire retreat of frontier defense lines in T'ang dynasty, the operation radius of Xingjun was limited near frontier dense lines and the operation period of Xingjun was gradually prolonged. Such trend of deploying Xingjun was geared to the retreat of Duhufu to station large-scale corps near its frontiers, so that Duhu(都護) and Xingjunzongguan(行軍總管) were nominated for Zhenshoushi(鎭守使) and Jinglueshi(經略使). It followed that there occurred military towns(軍鎭) including Jun(軍), Cheng(城), Shouzhou(守捉), and Zhen(鎭), which explained that the emergence of the military towns was mostly concentrated after 676-679 and most military towns were established on the basis of existing Bianzhou Dudufu, Zhen and Shu under its jurisdiction, and Duhufu. However, as the military towns had increased since 676-679, there occurred about 60 large or small increasing military towns reaching the scales from hundreds of soldiers to scores of thousands of soldiers in the period of Xuanzong(玄宗). As such large-scale corps were deployed in frontier areas respectively, it was required to establish their efficient chain of command. Its result was Jiedushi on the frontiers having been established through 713-741 since founding Hexi Jiedushi(河西節度使) on the frontiers in April 711, so that the system of 10 Jiedushi on the frontiers was established in 742, including 10 Jiedushi on the frontiers in Anxi(安西), Beiting(北庭), Shoufang(朔方), Hedong(河東), Pinglu(平盧), Fanyang(范陽), Hexi(河西), Longyou(隴右), Jiannan(劍南), Lingnan(嶺南). Such Jiedushi on the frontiers was established primarily to control the military towns within its jurisdiction, and then gradually incorporated Bianzhou Dudufu and Duhufu as the strongpoint of each military town under its command, and further also absorbed Jimifuzhou subject to existing Bianzhou Dudufu and Duhufu through the additional office of Yafanshi(押蕃使). Therefore, Jiedushi on the frontiers in the period of Xuanzong came to emerge in the process of unifying the chain of command in the military towns according to the collapse in the system of Bianzhou Dudufu and D

지방정부의 재정지출 구성비가 지역경제성장에 미치는 영향

조재우 서울대학교 대학원 2008 국내석사

동적 웹 컨텐츠 적응을 위한 다중 에이전트 기반의 하이브리드 시스템

조재우 성균관대학교 2007 국내석사

최근 무선기기의 다양한 제약사항을 극복하고, 수시로 변화하는 주변 환경에 따라 항상 적절한 서비스 레벨을 유지하기 위한 상황인식형 적응 서비스가 중요한 이슈가 되고 있다. 그러나 대부분의 기존 연구들은 적응 모듈이 클라이언트나 프록시, 서버 중 한 위치에 집중되어 있어, 사용자가 증가하는 경우에 작업부하가 한곳에 몰리고, 결과적으로 사용자의 요청에 대한 응답속도를 증가시키는 문제를 가지고 있었다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 적응 모듈을 클라이언트, 프록시, 서버에 분산배치하고 시스템의 상황을 모니터링 하여, 가장 적절한 시스템이 작업을 처리하는 분산적응 시스템을 제안한다. 이를 통해, 사용자가 증가하는 경우와 같이 작업부하가 증가하는 상황에서도 보다 빠른 적응작업이 가능해지며, 부하가 분산되어 안정적인 시스템 운영이 가능해진다. 본 논문에서는 제안 시스템의 평가를 위해 프로토타입을 구현하고, 크기가 큰 이미지파일을 포함하는 멀티미디어 기반 학습콘텐츠를 이용하여 분산처리를 테스트하였다. 그리고 서버의 과부하를 시뮬레이트하여, 기본 적응시스템들과의 응답시간과 시스템 안정성측면의 비교를 수행하였으며, 이 실험결과를 통해 제안 시스템의 유효성을 증명하였다.

A Novel Hereditary Myotonia Mouse with General Weakness from ENU Mutagenesis

趙宰釪 전북대학교 2002 국내석사

N-eUlyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU)를 이용한 돌연변이 유발법 (mutagenesis)을 통해 근육강직과 전신적인 위축을 보이는 동물 이 관찰되었다. 본 연구는 BALB/c 유래의 이 돌연변이 마우스에 대한 병리학적 및 행동학적인 특징과 돌연변이 원인유전자의 유전양식을 규명하고자 실시하였다. 이 마우스는 2-3 주령부터 외 부자국에 대해 근육강직증상을 나다내기 시작하였고, 3주 이후에는 동복의 형배와 확연한 구분이 가능하였다. 20㎝ 높이에서 자유낙하 시킬 경우 후지가 신장된 자세의 강직을 수초동안 관찰할 수 있었고, 10주령에서의 체중은 대조군보다 35% 정도 적었다. 현미경 소견상 근육의 괴사 또는 변성은 보이지 않았으나 광범위 한 근섬유의 위축을 관찰할 수 있었다. 또한 행동실험을 통해 1-3개원 사이에 근육강직중상이 현저하게 증가됨을 알 수 있었다. 유전 양상을 규명하기 위해. 이형접합체 (heterozygote)로 인정되는 수컷과 정상 C57BL/6 암컷 마우스를 교배하였다. 여기서 생산된 자손들 (F_1) 가운데 강직 또는 위축을 보이는 개체는 관찰 되지 않았다. F_l을 형매교배 하였을 때 생산되는 자손 (F_2)에서는 이런 이상 표현형을 보이는 개체를 볼 수 있어 돌연변이 유전자 는 열성 유전됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 강직을 나타내는 동물과 동복의 자손을 암, 수로 나누어 분석한 결과 압, 수에 있어서 차이 가 발견되지 않아 이 유전자는 상염색체상에 존재한다는 것을 알 수 있었고, 정상과 돌연변이체는 178:50으로 3:1로 분리되어 (P>0.05) 단일 유전자에 의한 것으로 판단되었다. 이를 동해 상 염색체상의 단일 열성 유전자의 변이에 의한 유전임을 확인하였다. 결론적으로 이 연구를 통하여 돌연변이원인 ENU를 이용한 돌연변이 유발법이 효율적인 돌연변이체 개발방법임을 알 수 있었고, 이 마우스가 근육의 변성이나 괴사 소진은 관찰되지 않았지만 진행성으로 근육의 강직을 나타냄으로서 사람의 근강직에 대한 모델동물로서의 가능성을 제시하였다.