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최우혁, 신용범, 고현윤, 신용일 부산대학교 2015 국내석사
목 적: 다른 폐기능 검사 수치와 달리, 정상 한국 아동의 호흡 근력에 관련한 정상 수치에 대한 평가는 이루어진바가 없는 상태다. 이에 정상 한국 아동의 호흡근력 평가를 시행하여, 추후 정상 수치에 대한 기준을 수립하기 위해 연구를 시행하였다. 연구대상 및 방법: 경상남도 양산시의 신명초등학교 학생 263명을 대상으로 전수 조사를 시행하였으며, 각 조사 대상자 별로 키와 몸무게를 측정하였으며, 폐기능 검사 및 호흡근 근력측정을 위한 최대 호기압 및 최대 흡기압을 측정하였다. 결과에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 호흡기계 및 심혈관계 질환자는 대상에서 제외하였다. 대상자 중, 남자는 124명, 여자는 129명으로, 대상 연령대는 8~12세의 소아를 대상으로 시행하였다. 결 과: 대상군 전체의 평균 최대 흡기압 및 최대 호기압은 각각 48.46±18.1cmH2O, 47.95±16cmH2O 이었다. 대상군 중, 남아와 여아의 연령에 따른 평균치 비교를 하였을 때, 남아에서 모두 높은 수치를 나타내고 있었다. 또한 대상군에서 측정된 정상 최대 호기압 및 최대 흡기압을 Paulo1)등이 시행한 연구 결과와 비교 하였을 때, 이 연구의 결과와는 극명한 차이를 보인다. 결 론: 정상 한국 아동의 호흡근 근력 측정을 위한 본 연구의 결과, 최대 흡기압 및 최대 호기압은 대체로 남성에서 여성에 비해 높은 근력을 보였다. 다른 나라의 연구와 비교하였을 때, 극명한 수치적 차이를 보인다. 이는 인종 또는 영양, 일상 생활 수행 정도 등의 차이에 기인하는 것으로 추정된다. 추후 이에 대한 대규모 연구가 시행되어야 할 것으로 사료된다. Background: Unlike other pulmonary function test value, there has been no assessment on the normal value related to the respiratory muscle strength of normal Korean juvenile. Therefore, we performed a research to further establish a standard about the normal value by assessing respiratory muscle strength of normal Korean juvenile. Research Subject and Method: We performed a compete enumeration survey on 263 students of Sin-myeong elementary school at Yangsan city, Gyeongsangnam-do. We measured the height and weight of each subject as well as maximal expiratory pressure and maximal inspiratory pressure to conduct pulmonary function test and respiratory muscle strength. Studnets with respiratory and cardiovascular diseases were excluded from the research subject since they may affect the result of the study. Among the subjects, 124 boys and 129 girls were participated in the research. Target age was 8~12 years old. Results: The average maximum inspiratory pressure and expiratory pressure of all subject group were 48.46±18.1cmH2O and 47.95±16cmH2O respectively. Among the subject group, it was shown that boys having higher value compared to girls in average value based on the age of the children. Also, when the maximum normal value of inspiratory and expiratory pressures measured for the subject group was compared with the research result conducted by Paulo et., al.1), a clear difference was observed. Conclusion: From the result of this research on evaluating respiratory muscle strength of normal Korean juvenile, higher muscle strength, the maximum inspiratory pressure and the maximum expiratory pressure was observed for males compared to females. In comparison with the researches from other nations, there was an obvious numerical differences between the results. The differences result from the gap between the races, nutritions and performance of daily lives. It is required to conduct a large-scale research regarding this topic.
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신용원 경희대학교 동서의학대학원 2018 국내박사
Several methods for the detection of hepatitis B surface antibodies (anti-HBs) have been developed for application to human serum. The measurement of the anti-HBs activity of GC1102, a human monoclonal antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), by Abbott IMx AUSAB, which uses a sandwich method, did not show appropriate linearity, as using several dilution buffers. An indirect anti-HBs Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), in which an anti-human antibody is used as a secondary antibody instead of the HBsAg conjugate, was developed for GC1102, but had high background noise due to the non-specific binding of endogenous IgG. In this study, we optimized and evaluated the indirect anti-HBs ELISA. In particularly, the method was optimized to decrease background noise using various reagents and a low pH wash buffer to minimize non-specific binding. The optimized indirect anti-HBs ELISA was confirmed and the results were comparable to those obtained using two commercial kits. In conclusion, we developed an effective indirect anti-HBs ELISA to decrease background signals in human serum or plasma. This optimized method could be applicable to the human Fc fusion protein to decrease background noise caused by the non-specific binding of endogenous IgG. B형간염표면항원(HBsAg)에 대한 항체(항-HBs)를 인간 혈청 또는 혈장에서 검출하기 위한 몇 가지 방법이 개발되어 있으며, B형간염 표면항원에 대한 인간 단클론항체인 GC1102의 항-HBs 활성측정을 개발되어 있는 샌드위치 방법을 사용하는 Abbott IMx AUSAB 방법으로 여러 가지 희석 완충액을 이용하여 측정하였을 때 적절한 선형성을 나타내지 않았다. GC1102 항-HBs 활성측정을 위해 샌드위치 방법에서 사용하는 HBsAg 접합체 대신 항-인간항체를 2 차 항체로 사용하는 간접 항-HBs ELISA를 개발하였지만 혈액 내 내인성 IgG의 비특이적 결합으로 인해 높은 배경 소음을 보였다. 이 연구에서는 높은 배경소음을 줄인 간접 항 HBs ELISA를 최적화하고 평가하였다. 특히 이 방법은 동물 혈청, Tween 20, 탈지유 등의 다양한 시약과 비특이적 결합을 최소화하기 위한 낮은 pH 세척 버퍼를 사용하여 배경 잡음을 줄이도록 최적화되었다. 최적화 된 간접 항-HBs ELISA는 2 개의 시판 키트를 사용하여 확인하였고 그 결과는 유사했다. 결론적으로 효과적인 혈청 또는 혈장 내 배경 신호를 감소시키는 효과적인 간접 항 HBs ELISA를 개발했다. 이러한 최적화 된 방법은 내인성 IgG의 비특이적 결합에 의해 야기되는 배경 잡음을 감소시키기 위 인간 Fc 융합 단백질에 적용될 수 있다.
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Nowadays the international transfer of technology is, what is called, the fundamental rule of neo-international economic orders so that it is demanded that the industrial property field including patent right be reformed. In consideration of this reason a inventor should be protected. If patent right is infringed, it causes inventor's will to develope technology to lower, enterpriser's investment for developing technology to reducer and business morality to corrupt. Considering influence on technology and market order resulted from the infringement of patent right, patent law provides several measures for relief against infringing patent right, In case of the infringement by the third party, patentee can claim not only criminal sanction but also the civil remedy of compensation for loss and damage, and to cease infringe his right, measures for recovery of reputations provisional motion, demand the reimbursement of profits, warning, composition, mediation, etc are to be approved as civil relief. But the proper defense measures against abuse and misuse offence of patentee should be also provided. In this point of view this study deals with "the infringement of patent right" to harmonize the interest of patentee with that of the third party and to contribute for the development of national industries. The aim of this thesis is to research the improving direction on current system in comparison with the example of foreign laws and precedent for che purpose of establishment of legal system to not only the judicial relief against the infringement patent right but also the defense measures of the third party against an abuse of right of patentee.
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Microarchitectural Defense and Recovery against Buffer Overflow Attacks
The buffer overflow attack is the single most dominant and lethal form of security exploits as evidenced by recent worm outbreaks such as Code Red and SQL Slammer. In this paper, we propose microarchitecture techniques that can detect and recover from such malicious code attacks. The idea is that the buffer overflow attacks usually exhibit abnormal behaviors in the system. This kind of unusual signs can be easily detected by checking the safety of memory references at runtime, avoiding the potential data or control corruptions made by such attacks. Both the hardware cost and the performance penalty of enforcing the safety guards are negligible. In addition, we propose a more aggressive technique called corruption recovery buffer (CRB), which can further increase the level of security. Combined with the safety guards, the CRB can be used to save suspicious writes made by an attack and can restore the original architecture state before the attack. By performing detailed execution-driven simulations on the programs selected from SPEC CPU2000 benchmark, we evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed microarchitecture techniques. Experimental data shows that enforcing a single safety guard can reduce the number of system failures substantially by protecting the stack against return address corruptions made by the attacks. Furthermore, a small 1KB CRB can nullify additional data corruptions made by stack smashing attacks with only less than 2% penalty.
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Purpose: This study was designed to investigate the optimal implantation period of periosteal tissue to target vessels for induction of periosteofascial flaps. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four prefabricated flaps were divided into four groups of six flaps. Prefabricated flaps were prepared by imbedding a 1.5 x 1.5 cm sized rat fascial pocket with an inner lining of calvarial periosteum into the gracilis muscle. The saphenous artery and vein were transposed and anchored to the external fascia layer of the pocket, and 0.05 mL of collagen was injected into the pocket. At 2(group II), 4(group III), 6(group IV) and 8(group V) weeks after the pedicle transfer operation, the prefabricated flaps were elevated with the implanted vessels as pedicles and sutured back in place. Five days after flap repositioning, flap viability and vascularity were evaluated with histology and microangiography. Six conventional calvarial periosteofascial flaps were used as a control, and evaluated at postoperative 6th week. Results: Flap survival rate increased in proportion to the length of the pedicle implantation period, displaying 76.63 in the control group, 76.18 in group V, 58.81 in group III, 52.68 in group IV, and 39.85 in group II. Only flaps with an implantation period of 8 weeks showed a survival rate as significantly high as the control group. New vessels started to develop sufficiently around the implanted pedicle at 4 weeks after pedicle implantation, and overall vascularization of the flap itself was accomplished at the 6th week. Conclusion: Prefabricated periosteofascial flaps can be induced by imbedding periosteal tissue into the vascular territory of simultaneously transposed vessels, and the optimal duration of implantation to obtain adequate flap survival was more than 8 weeks.
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