大衆社會에 있어서의「疎外」問題에 관한 政治學的 硏究 = A Political Approach to the Alienation Problem in Mass Society

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study started with the purpose of finding a clue of solving the alienation problem in mass society through a theoretical inquiry into the situation of alienation in politics. For this purpose, in the first place, why the alienation problem in the mass-society situation comes into being was quested out. Secondly, the definition of alienation, its categories, and its problemic characteristics were dealt with under the head of "alienation phenomena and anomie". Thirdly, alienation theories were categorized by 3 patterns-the realistic, idealistic, and Marxist-and the questions involved in each pattern were discussed. Lastly, this study has attempted to design a way of overcoming alienation in mas-society politics, concerned with humanism.
The main points of the above problems are summarized as follows:-
Indications of mass society were not only in a descriptive category caught as mechanization, grouping, technicalization, and emotionalization, but also in a morphological category as atomization and organization. Such a mass society is to be prescribed as a specific historical situation coming into being, conditioned by concentration and monoplization of capitals and highly developed technology. The mass-society situation has been transfiguring the independent autonomous civil man into the lonely average man lost of individuality. These atomized, isolated masses tend necessarily to be normaless, irregular, irrelative, anonymous, blind, furious, and irrational. Thus mass-behaviours are liable to be manipulated through the highly developed mass-media by political elites. Yet masses tend by nature to be indifferent to politics, but their latent irrational massive energies are likely to be horrible. Paradoxically the mass culture and the complicated, bureaucratized governmental mechanism accelerate such an apathetic tendency of masses.
Here we have to notice the fact that under this situation of mass society the traditional democratic aparatuses are going to be in danger of cavitizing or superficializing. That is the very crisis of democracy. Such a crisis of massdemocracy has made us cognize the challenge of anti-democratic totalitarianism. But however democracy may be challenged by antagonistic forces, are and should be its ideological significance and valuableness forever. In this point of view, to make the mass-democracy an object of criticism has been stemming from percepting that the mass-society situation might make assurance of democratic values difficult. As by E. Fromm, the fact that the masses escaping from freedom are of much account refers to the case. This issue is related to the alienation of human beings.
If we regard the concept of alienation as a state in which the creating or enjoying subject of any value for himself is laid in the distance from the value by making it objective, we may consider that Fromm's image of mass, Marx's figure of the workers alienated from their own labor, existentialists' statue of the moderns lost of humanity, all of these shows the human aspect of alienation, which is conditioned the mass-society situation based upon the highly progressed, mechanized industrial civilization.
The inner foundation of such a perception of alienation lies in the moral. If so, it is more important to search for a way to overcome alienation phenomenon than to find and explain it. Its clue should be found out of humanism. In this context the study has recognized that our humanistic moral practices confronting ourselves with every social evil or contradiction out of our internal existence toward outer world is the only way to overcoming of alienation.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 序論
• Ⅱ. 疎外現象과 아노미
• Ⅲ. 疎外理論의 諸問題点
• Ⅳ. 疎外의 克服과 휴머니즘
• Ⅴ. 結論