자기효능감, 스트레스 대처능력 및 심리적 안녕감이 주관적 안녕감에 미치는 영향 = The Influence of Self-Efficacy, Stress Management, and Psychological Well-being on Subjective Well-being

국문 초록 (Abstract)

자기효능감, 스트레스 대처능력 및 심리적 안녕감이
주관적 안녕감에 미치는 영향

본 연구의 목적은 주관적 안녕감, 심리적 안녕감, 스트레스 대처능력, 자기효능감에 대한 신뢰도 및 타당도가 검증된 척도를 확보한 후에 주관적 안녕감에 대한 설명력을 높이는 것은 물론, 자기효능감, 스트레스 대처능력, 심리적 안녕감의 하위요인이 주관적 안녕감의 하위요인에 어떠한 역학적인 경로로 어떻게 영향을 미치는지를 살펴보는 것이다.
주관적인 안녕감과 관련된 선행연구결과들을 토대로 본 연구에서는 다섯 종류의 가설을 설정하였다. 첫째, 자기효능감이 높을수록 주관적 안녕감은 높을 것이다. 둘째,자기효능감이 높을수록 심리적 안녕감과 스트레스 대처능력은 높을 것이다.
셋째, 심리적 안녕감이 높을수록 주관적 안녕감은 높을 것이다. 넷째, 스트레스 대처 능력이 높을수록 심리적 안녕감과 주관적 안녕감은 높을것이다 . 다섯째, 심리적 안녕감과 스트레스 대처능력은 자기효능감과 주관적 안녕감의 관계를 매개하는 역할
을 할 것이다. 연구를 위하여 심각한 질병을 앓거나 앓아 본 적이 없는 건강한 대한민국 성인 남녀 300명을 조사하였다. 연구에 사용된 측정도구는 문헌검토를 통하여 일반적으로 사용되고 있는 기존의 척도를 바탕으로 하였다. 심리적 안녕감 척도는 Ryff(1989)가 개발한 것을 조명한과 차경호(1998)가 한국판으로 번안하여 사용한 척도 중 한국 성인에 대한 심리적 안녕감의 구성개념분석 연구를 위하여 김명소 등(2001)이 사용한 척도를 사용하였으며, 주관적 안녕감 척도는 Diener, Emmons, Larsen,Griffin(1985)이 개발한 척도를 조명한과 차경호(1998)가 한국판으로 번안한 척도를 사용하였고, 일반적인 자기효능감 척도는 김아영과 차정은(1996)이 개발한 척도를 사용하였으며. 스트레스 대처능력 척도는 Lazarus & Folkman(1985)이 개발한 척도를 우리 실정에 맞는 진술문으로 번안한 후 요인분석을 거쳐 수정 축소한 박애선과 이영희(1992)의 스트레스 대처방식 척도를 사용하였다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 척도에 대한 척도분석 및 요인분석을 통하여 신뢰도 및 타당도가 확보된 척도를 탐색하여 사용하였다.
연구가설에 대한 검정을 위하여 경로분석을 실시하였으며, 그 결과 주관적 안녕감의 요인인 삶의 만족도에는 자아수용, 자기조절효능감의 순으로 긍정적으로 큰 영향을 미쳤으며, 긍정적 정서경험에는 자기조절효능감, 자아수용의 순으로 긍정적으
로 큰 영향을 미쳤고, 부정적 정서경험에는 자신감, 자아수용의 순으로 긍정적으로 큰 영향을 미쳤다. 주관적인 안녕감에 대한 설명력 또한 기존의 연구에 비하여 크게 증가되었다. 삶의 만족도의 경우 설명력은 59.9%, 긍정적 정서경험의 경우 설명력은
47.5%, 부정적 정서경험의 경우 설명력은 38.6%로 나타났다. 결론적으로, 심리적 안녕감의 하위요인인 자아수용과 자기효능감의 하위요인인 자기조절효능감 및 자신감이 주관적 안녕감을 설명하는 가장 중요한 예측변인으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로
미루어 볼 때, 주관적 안녕감 증진을 위한 교육 프로그램을 개발한다면 자아수용, 자기조절효능감, 자신감 증진을 위한 내용이 프로그램 내용에 우선적으로 반영되어야 할 것임을 시사하였다.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목 차
• 국문초록 ···························································································i
• I. 서론 ·······························································································1
• 1. 연구의 필요성 ·············································································1
• 2. 연구의 목적 ·················································································5
• 3. 연구의 가설 ·················································································6
• II. 이론적 배경 ·················································································7
• 1. 주관적 안녕감과 심리적 안녕감 ··············································7
• 2. 자기효능감 ·················································································13
• 3. 스트레스 대처능력 ···································································19
• III. 연구방법 ···················································································24
• 1. 연구대상 ·····················································································24
• 2. 측정도구······················································································24
• 1) 심리적 안녕감 ···········································································25
• 2) 주관적 안녕감 ···········································································25
• 3) 자기효능감 ················································································26
• 4) 스트레스 대처능력 ···································································26
• 3. 자료분석방법 ·············································································27
• IV. 분석결과 ···················································································29
• 1. 측정모형에 대한 타당성 평가 ·················································29
• 1) 주관적 안녕감 ···········································································29
• 2) 심리적 안녕감 ··········································································34
• 3) 자기효능감 ················································································42
• 4) 스트레스 대처능력 ····································································47
• 2. 인구ㆍ사회경제적 요인 및 생활습관에 따른 집단 비교 ······54
• 1) 응답자의 인구ㆍ사회경제적 특성 및 생활습관 특성 ···········54
• 2) 인구ㆍ사회경제적 요인에 따른 집단 비교 ····························56
• 3) 음주ㆍ흡연여부 및 생활습관 특성에 따른 집단의 비교 ······65
• 3. 상관분석 ······················································································68
• 4. 다중회귀분석 ··············································································72
• 5. 경로분석 ·····················································································77
• 1) 연구가설 검정을 위한 초기 구조방정식 모형 ·······················77
• 2) 측정변수로 구성된 구조방정식 수정 모형 ····························82
• 6. 연구가설에 대한 검정 ·······························································88
• 1) [가설 1] 검정 결과 ···································································88
• 2) [가설 2] 검정 결과 ···································································89
• 3) [가설 3] 검정 결과 ···································································91
• 4) [가설 4] 검정 결과 ···································································92
• 5) [가설 5] 검정 결과 ···································································93
• V. 결론 및 제언 ··············································································95
• 1. 결론 ·····························································································95
• 2. 연구의 한계점 및 향후 연구를 위한 제언 ·····························98
• 참고문헌 ························································································101
• 부 록 ·······························································································107
• Abstract ·························································································115