This study aims to examine, on a step-by-step basis, the procedural and regulatory framework applicable to foreign enterprises seeking access to China’s capital market and pursuing a domestic listing, and to analyze the major legal issues arising at...
This study aims to examine, on a step-by-step basis, the procedural and regulatory framework applicable to foreign enterprises seeking access to China’s capital market and pursuing a domestic listing, and to analyze the major legal issues arising at each stage of that process. In the past, China explored the possibility of enabling high-quality foreign enterprises to list on the mainland through the introduction of the “International Board.” However, this initiative failed to materialize due to institutional constraints, including differences in accounting and auditing standards, concerns over the reliability of disclosure, and ambiguity in the allocation of supervisory authority. Nevertheless, the discussion surrounding the International Board served as an important conceptual starting point for subsequent institutional debates, as it raised fundamental questions regarding how foreign enterprises should be incorporated into China’s capital market regulatory framework.
Under the current regime, the listing of foreign enterprises in China is first examined at the entry stage, with a focus on issues such as the availability of access routes to the capital market, criteria for determining corporate nationality, and the institutional feasibility of accepting securities issued overseas in uncertificated form. In particular, the legal effects within China of listing-related activities conducted abroad, and the extent to which the principle of territoriality applies, constitute foundational issues in the regulatory framework for foreign enterprises. These issues go beyond formal requirements and directly determine the scope of application of China’s supervisory regime.
At the post-listing stage, the characteristics of China’s capital market system come into concrete conflict with the existing operational structures of foreign enterprises in areas such as information disclosure, accounting and auditing, foreign exchange administration, taxation, and liquidation procedures. Foreign enterprises are required to comply with China’s standards for initial, continuous, and ad hoc disclosure, and to bear additional regulatory burdens with respect to the applicable accounting standards, disclosure language, and qualification requirements for external auditors. Furthermore, due to the institutional feature of partial capital account liberalization, fundamental corporate activities—including dividend distribution, capital repatriation, and cross-border remittances—are directly affected by foreign exchange and tax regulations.
A comparative review with major capital market jurisdictions reveals that, while China’s capital market legal framework appears on its face to encompass the regulatory elements necessary for foreign enterprise listings, its actual operation continues to rely heavily on a regulatory logic centered on domestic enterprises. This contrasts with the practices of the United States, the European Union, Hong Kong, and Singapore, which have established dedicated listing pathways and adjusted accounting and disclosure standards for foreign issuers, and have gradually clarified the scope of extraterritorial application through case law and supervisory practice.
In light of this comparative analysis, this study argues that, for China to achieve substantive progress in the internationalization of its capital market, it must move beyond the mere incorporation of foreign enterprises into existing regulatory structures and instead construct a clearer normative framework premised on foreign enterprise listings. Specifically, it is necessary to rationalize the relationship between the Securities Law and the Company Law, and to establish predictable standards for the scope and criteria of extraterritorial application in order to reduce regulatory uncertainty. In addition, greater alignment with internationally accepted accounting and disclosure standards, as well as enhanced cooperation with supervisory authorities in major listing jurisdictions, is essential to minimizing supervisory conflicts and advancing institutional reform.