영재와 일반아의 뇌 기능 비교

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 영재와 일반아의 뇌 기능 차이를 파악하기 위해 수행되었다. 먼저 선행연구 분석을 통해 영재성이 전두엽의 용량, 좌우반구의 활동, 신경효율성, 작업기억의 용량, 전두엽의 발달 속도 등과 밀접한 관련이 있음을 확인하였다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 뇌 기능을 측정하기 위하여 초등학교 5학년 과학 영재 13명과 일반아 13명을 대상으로 CAS를 실시하였다. CAS는 Luria의 뇌 기능적 체계이론에 바탕을 두고 구성되었으며 PASS(Planning, Attention, Simultaneous processing, Successive processing)를 측정하는 검사이다. 검사 실시 결과, 영재집단은 일반아집단에 비해 계획기능, 주의집중, 동시처리, 순차처리가 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 이를 바탕으로 본 연구의 결론을 제시하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 영재는 일반아에 비해 전두엽을 비롯한 여러 뇌 부위의 기능이 우수하고 뇌 부위 간의 교류가 활발하다. 둘째, 영재는 일반아에 비해 지식의 양이 아니라 지적·비지적 처리에서 우수하다. 셋째, 영재는 일반아에 비해 단일 기능이 아니라, 다양한 기능에서 우수하다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The aims of the present study were to identify the brain functional differences between the gifted and the non-gifted, and to improve of brain-scientific understanding of the gifted by administering CAS to investigate their planning, attention, simultaneous processing, and successive processing. To measure the brain functions concerned with the cognitive and affective characteristics of the gifted which are related to capacities of the frontal lobes, inter-hemispheric communication, neural efficiency, working memory, and developmental rate of frontal lobes, CAS based on the PASS model of brain functional system theory(Luria, 1980) was administered. Participants consisted of 26 fifth grade students in the elementary school who are scientifically gifted students and average students. The results of CAS illustrated that the gifted in science were superior to the ordinary in planning, attention, simultaneous processing, and successive processing. The conclusion of this investigation are as follows. First, compared to the non-gifted, the gifted appear to be more functioning in several brain regions, such as frontal lobes and both hemispheres. Second, it is identified that information processes of the gifted are superior to them of the average. Third, gifted students show more diverse brain functions including cognitive and affective processes.

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