Humans enjoy the beauty of music through the activities of singing, playing musical instruments, or listening to and making music, and experience that cannot be replaced by anything else. As such, musical instrument performance is considered an impor...
Humans enjoy the beauty of music through the activities of singing, playing musical instruments, or listening to and making music, and experience that cannot be replaced by anything else. As such, musical instrument performance is considered an important activity in music, and in the 2022 revised music curriculum, it is presented in three major areas: performance, appreciation, and creation, emphasizing the importance of performance. In addition, along with the content emphasizing the use of Korean traditional instruments, the proportion of Korean traditional music in the music subject has increased significantly compared to the past.
However, in the current regular school class, there are difficulties in teaching Korean traditional music instruments due to various reasons such as limited number of class hours. As an alternative to that, after-school programs are operated, and Haegeum is one of the most active Korean traditional music instruments in the educational field.
This researcher has experience as a lecturer in the Haegeum class of the Korean classical music club of G University in Gwangju. At that time, there was no separate standard for selecting a song, and the song was selected at the discretion of the instructor, and the class was conducted in a mechanical and passive manner. The part that the students had difficulty in conducting the class in that way was learning how to play with the left hand, and it took a lot of time for them to become proficient in playing musical instruments. After feeling these problems, this researcher felt the need to improve, and felt the importance of selecting a step-by-step song by grasping the level of students and the need for a systematic guidance plan for detailed playing methods. To this end, this study sought a guidance plan to build an active classroom environment by applying the cognitive apprenticeship theory, one of the constructivist learning theories that emphasize a learner-centered educational environment, to Haegeum classes.
First of all, looking at previous studies on music subjects that applied cognitive apprenticeship theory, there were relatively more studies in the field of Western music than in the field of Korean traditional music, and there were no studies of Haegeum applying cognitive apprenticeship theory among them. Therefore, this study looked at Haegeum textbooks published over the past five years to create guidance plans for after-school classes in middle school, and two basic textbooks for beginners in Haegeum were selected and set up. After the selection of the sawmill song, a teaching and ˙ learning model was developed that applied six elements of the cognitive apprenticeship theory: 'modeling-coaching-scaffolding-clearing-reflective thinking-exploration', and a step-by-step class consisting of a total of 10 classes was planned according to the level of students. The final goal of the class was to apply the six elements of cognitive apprenticeship theory appropriately according to the contents of each class for the common goal of a haegeum performance presentation. Scaffolding was applied to help the understanding of Chashimada classes, and active scaffolding was planned to be well performed not only between teachers but also between colleagues.
In this way, through this study, it is thought that the teacher's coaching process can develop problem-solving skills on its own, and that sociality can be enhanced by inducing active and active class participation by inducing interest in learning and internal motivation through the scaffolding process. It is also expected that the new musical experience of Korean traditional music instrument Haegeum will change the positive perception of Korean traditional music.
Through this study, it is expected that more systematic and effective guidance measures will continue to be studied for the development of Korean traditional music education in classes such as listening to Korean traditional music, singing Korean traditional music, and creating Korean traditional music.
Keywords: Cognitive Apprenticeship Theory, after-school classes, and the
guidance of Haegeum classes