This study is a case analysis research on the past references of international companies in order to build effective overseas urban development strategies for Korea in the future by; first, constructing an effective system; second, securing a long-ter...
This study is a case analysis research on the past references of international companies in order to build effective overseas urban development strategies for Korea in the future by; first, constructing an effective system; second, securing a long-term profit; third, understanding the value of a pan-human society. The selected cases are the East India Company of England and the South Manchuria Railways Corporation of Japan. They were the most effective colonial corporations during the industrial age. This paper analyzed the organizational characteristics and the results of their activities.
The forced urban development in colonies during the industrial age cause on many side effects by forced submission and exploitation of resources, and thus the forced urban development is not considered as a positive approach. However, the modern world is based on many of these past development projects, and many of the past superpowers still remain as a major economic powers in today's world. In addition, most of the urban developments under progress today are still led by the organizations and corporations of these countries, which can be interperated as another form of colonization of resources, economy and culture.
For this reason, by analyzing characteristics from subjects and results of the development of colonies in the industrial age, this study aims to enhance the position of Korea in international development, while maximizing the positive function of urban development which contribute to both countries.
The results are listed below.
First, the East India Company is regarded as the first public-private company, with the government authorizing trading powers to a private company and allowing it to represent the government in the international trade. The East India Company is also considered as the first joint stock company, corporation, and chartered company. The company made huge profits from the monopolization of the Indian spice and cotton trade. It not only caused on radical change in the British society, but also paved the way for the colinization of India herself. At that time, the factory acted as an hub-city of india and it still remains main cities of India
Second, The South Manchuria Railways Company was also another public-private company that paved the way for colonization. Japan had emerged as the winner of the Russo-Japanese war, and by utilizing the railways and resources of Manchuria through private companies, the Japanese government was able to take economical control of the area. By constructing and expanding hub-cities.
Both the East India Company and South Manchuria Railways Company have government and private characteristics. They also gained control of the colinies by maximizing the utilization of the resource, economical monopolization and urban development. In addition, by placing specialized policy-making departments such as the confidential committee and investigation department, both companies were able to lay out and perform long-term urban development plans. City infrastructures that were built during this era sill play an important role in each respective country's economical, industrial and lifestyle to this day.
Overseas urban development during the industrial age began with the colonization of foreign countries by the superpowers, and ended with World War Ⅱ. However, the composition of their public-private companies and organizations and their business methods can still be found in the international organizations and companies of advanced countries of today. As the world becomes more and more compact with international cooperation between countries and increase of economic and industrial trade, this has to be kept in mind.