청소년 자살생각에 대한 부모학대와 또래괴롭힘의 영향에서 대인관계내재화와 절망감의 매개효과

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 청소년의 자살생각을 감소시키며 자살위험에 처한 청소년을 위한 개입방안을 모색하기 위하여 청소년 자살생각에 미치는 부모학대와 또래괴롭힘의 영향에서 대인관계내재화와 절망감의 매개효과를 살펴보았다. 연구결과, 부모학대는 매개변인을 통하여 청소년의 자살생각에 미치는 영향보다 직접적으로 자살생각에 미치는 영향이 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 또래괴롭힘은 대인관계내재화와 절망감에 순차적으로 매개함으로써 청소년의 자살생각에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 실천적 함의 및 후속연구에 대한 제언을 제시하였다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper designed a mediating pathways model on how parental abuse and peer victimization lead to the development of suicidal ideation through the mediating variables of interpersonal needs and a hopelessness. The development is sure to help reduce adolescent suicidal ideation and, in turn, seek for distinct mediating methods to help teens with suicidal ideas.
To validate the suggested model, this paper administered a questionnaire to 768 students in their 10th, 11th and 12th grades of high schools in Incheon, and then analyzed the structural equation model before confirming the research hypothesis by adopting the tools of SPSS 17.0 and AMOS 18.0.
The result clearly demonstrates that parental abuse is one of the most influential factors in developing suicidal ideation. Peer victimization, however, had no direct bearing on suicide ideation, only indirectly affecting through the mediating variable of interpersonal needs. In addition, peer victimization had indirect effects on suicidal ideation through a sequential intervention of variables from interpersonal needs to a hopelessness.
Based on the above results, this research has following implications: First, this paper analyzed the mediating pathways of youth suicidal ideation resulting from parental abuse and peer victimization. The result could possibly help find preventive measures and effective mediating approaches to save the lives of young people at risk of committing suicide. Secondly, this study proved that the interpersonal needs, a relatively new concept hardly introduced in previous studies, is a significant predictive factor for suicide ideation, serving as an intervening variable of developing suicidal ideation among young people who have suffered parental abuse and peer victimization.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 요약
• 1. 문제제기 및 연구목적
• 2. 이론적 배경
• 3. 연구방법
• 4. 결과분석
• 5. 결론 및 논의
• 참고문헌

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 김재엽, "학교폭력 피해청소년의 자살생각에 대한 연구" 한국청소년학회 17 (17): 121-149, 2010

2 이혜경, "학교폭력 가해경험과 학교생활적응의 관계에서 사회적 지지추구 대처전략과 폭력에 대한 부정적 평가의 매개효과" 한국청소년시설환경학회 5 (5): 43-54, 2007

3 한국청소년상담원, "청소년자살예방체제 구축방안 연구, In 청소년상담연구" 134-, 2007

4 김혜성, "청소년의 학대경험과 자살성에 관한 연구" 사회과학연구소 25 (25): 191-217, 2009

5 최준영, "청소년의 집단따돌림과 자살 관련 태도" 한국사회조사연구소 8 (8): 223-238, 2007

6 이상준, "청소년의 가정폭력 노출이 사회적 탄력성에 미치는 영향에 대한 환경적 보호요인의 역할" 한국사회복지학회 58 (58): 331-354, 2006

7 김기환, "청소년 자살의 특성과 유형에 관한 연구" 9 (9): 127-152, 2000

8 보건복지부, "전국아동학대현황보고서" 보건복지부·중앙아동보호전문기관 2011

9 신민섭, "자살 기제에 대한 실증적 연구 : 자기 도피 척도의 타당화" 延世大學校 大學院 1992

10 경기도청소년상담지원센터, "위기청소년 실태 설문조사" 경기도청소년상담지원센터 2009

11 김원중, "왕따: 의미, 실태, 원인에 관한 종합적 고찰" 한국상담학회 5 (5): 451-472, 2004

12 박경, "여고생 학대 경험과 자살사고간의 관계에서 문제해결과 사회적 지지의 매개효과" 18 (18): 1-22, 2005

13 김은경, "아동기 학대경험과 청소년의 자살생각 간의 관계:수치심과 친구관계의 매개효과를 중심으로" 한국가정관리학회 26 (26): 123-134, 2008

14 안동현, "신고된 아동에서 학대 후유증 연구. 아동학대의 실태 및 후유증 연구" 보건복지부 173-222, 2000

15 김현순, "스트레스, 절망, 우울과 자살생각간의 구조적 관계 : 노인과 청소년의 차이 비교 연구" 단국대학교 대학원 2008

16 통계청, "사망 및 사망원인 통계표" 통계청 2010

17 임지영, "또래 괴롭힘이 아동의 외로움과 불안에 미치는 영향" 慶北大學校 大學院 1998

18 조민호, "대인관계 심리학적 모형을 통해서 본 한국군의 자살" 고려대학교 대학원 2010

19 최지영, "괴롭힘 상황에서의 아동의 가해 및 피해경험 측정방법 비교를 통한 심리적 특성 연구" 한국초등교육학회 21 (21): 339-358, 2008

20 신민섭, "고등학생의 자살 성향에 관한 연구" 9 (9): 1-19, 1990

21 김재엽, "가정내 자녀학대경험이 청소년의 자살생각에 미치는 영향 및 사회적 지지관계의 조절효과" 사회복지연구소 21 : 119-144, 2009

22 Joiner, T. E., "hildhood physical and sexual abuse and lifetime number of suicide attempts: a persistent and theoretically important relationship" 45 : 539-547, 2007

23 Yip, S. F., "effects of a celebrity suicide on suicide rates in Hong Kong" 93 : 245-252, 2006

24 Ramey, H., "Youth engagement and suicide risk: Testing a mediated model in a Canadian community sample" 39 : 243-258, 2010

25 Dick, G., "Witnessing marital violence as children: men's perceptions of their fathers" 32 (32): 1-25, 2005

26 Joiner, T. E., "Why people die by suicide" Harvard University Press 2005

27 Smith, P. K., "Victimization in Different Contexts: Comments on the Special Issue" 56 (56): 441-454, 2010

28 Shneidman, E. S., "The suicide mind" Oxford University Press 1996

29 Sabbath, J. C., "The suicidal adolescent: The expendable child" 8 : 272-285, 1969

30 Trout, D. L., "The role of social isolation in suicide" 10 : 10-23, 1980

31 Campell, M. L., "The relationship between bullying, psychotic-like experiences and appraisal in 14-16 years olds" 45 (45): 1579-1591, 2007

32 Baumeister, R. F., "The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation" 117 : 497-529, 1995

33 Joiner, T. E., "The interpersonal theory of suicide: Guidance for work with suicidal clients" American Psychological Association 2009

34 Van Orden, K. A., "The interpersonal theory of suicide" 117 (117): 575-600, 2010

35 Borges, G., "Suicide ideation, Plan, and Attempt in Mexican Adolescent Mental Health Survey" 47 (47): 41-52, 2008

36 Cohen, Y., "Suicide and suicidal behavior, In Handbook of adolescent risk behavior" Plenum Press 193-224, 1996

37 Brent, D. A., "Suicidality in affectively disordered adolescent inpatients" 29 : 586-593, 1990

38 Evans, E., "Suicidal phenomena and abuse in adolescents: A review of epidemiological studies" 29 : 45-48, 2005

39 Reynolds, W. M., "Suicidal ideation questionnaire: Professional manual" Psychological Assessment Resources 1998

40 Kerr, D. C. R., "Suicidal ideation and its recurrence in boys and men from early adolescence to early adulthood: an event history analysis" 117 (117): 625-636, 2008

41 Peter, T., "Suicidal ideation among Canadian youth: A multivariate Analysis" 12 : 263-275, 2008

42 Van Orden, K. A., "Suicidal desire and the capability for suicide: tests of the interpersonal-psychological theory of suicidal behavior among adults" 76 (76): 72-83, 2008

43 Tse, W. L., "Suicidal behavior, bereavement and death educations in Chinese adolescents" Ashagate Publishing Company 2002

44 Kerr, D. C. R., "Suicidal adolescent's social support from family and peers: gender-specific associations with psychopathology" 34 (34): 103-114, 2006

45 Goldney, R. D., "Suicidal Ideation: its enduring nature and associated morbidity" 83 : 115-120, 1991

46 Martin, G., "Sexual abuse and suicidality: Gender differences in a large community sample of adolescents" 28 (28): 649-654, 2004

47 Mazza, J. J., "School-wide approaches to prevention of and treatment for depression and suicidal behaviors, In Transforming school mental health services" Corwin 213-241, 2008

48 Perkins, D. F., "Risk behavior and resilience within physically abused adolescents" 28 (28): 547-563, 2004

49 Doll, B., "Risk and resilience: Implications for the practice of school psychology" 27 : 348-363, 1998

50 Linehan, M. M., "Reasons for staying alive when you are thinking of killing yourself: the reasons for living inventory" 51 : 276-286, 1983

51 Cole, D. A., "Psychopathology of adolescent suicide: Hopelessness coping beliefs, and depression" 98 : 248-255, 1989

52 Kessler, R. C., "Prevalence of and risk factors for lifetime suicide attempt in the National Comorbisity Survey" 56 : 617-626, 1999

53 Lai Kwok, S. Y. C., "Personal and Family Correlates of Suicidal Ideation Among Chinese Adolescents in Hong Kong" 95 : 407-419, 2010

54 Van Orden, K. A., "Perceived burdensomeness as an indicator of suicidal symptom" 30 : 457-467, 2006

55 Joiner, T. E., "Perceived burdensomeness and suicidality: two studies on the suicide notes of the those attempting and those completing suicide" 21 (21): 531-545, 2002

56 Klomek, A. B., "Peer victimization, depression, and suicidiality in adolescents" 38 (38): 166-180, 2008

57 Parker, J. G., "Peer relations and later personal adjustment. Are low-accepted children at risk?" 102 : 357-389, 1987

58 Straus, M. A., "Measuring interaction family conflict and violence: the conflict tactics scales" 42 : 75-88, 1980

59 Joiner, T. E., "Main predictions of the interpersonal-psychological theory of suicidal behavior: Empirical tests in tow samples of young adults" 118 (118): 634-646, 2009

60 Lai Kwok, S. Y. C., "Hopelessness, Parent-Adolescent Communication, and Suicidal Ideation Among Chinese Adolescents in Hong Kong" 40 (40): 224-233, 2010

61 Stewart, S. M., "Hopelessness and suicidal ideation among adolescents in tow cultures" 46 (46): 364-372, 2005

62 Beck, A. T., "Hopelessness and eventual suicide : A 10-year study of patients hospitalized with suicidal ideation" 142 (142): 559-563, 1985

63 Bostik, K. E., "Healing from suicide: adolescent perceptions of attachment relationship" 35 (35): 79-96, 2007

64 Pfeffer, C. R., "Family characteristics and support systems as risk factors for youth suicidal behavior" 2 : 71-79, 1989

65 Wan, G. W. Y., "Factors accounting for youth suicide attepmt in Hong Kong: A model building" 33 : 575-582, 2010

66 Berenson, A. B., "Exposure to violence and associated health-risk behaviors among adolescent girls" 155 (155): 1238-1242, 2001

67 Graham, D., "Ethnicity, peer harassment, and adjustment in middle school: An exploratory study" 22 : 173-199, 2002

68 Digdon, N., "Developmental considerations in the study of childhood depression" 5 : 162-199, 1985

69 Dori, G. A., "Depression, hopeless, and self-esteem: Accounting for suicidality in adolescent psychiatric inpatients" 29 : 309-318, 1999

70 Grilo, C. M., "Correlates of suicide risk in adolescent impatient impaatients who report a history of childhood abuse" 40 (40): 422-428, 1999

71 Maris, R. W., "Comprehensive textbook of suicidology" Guilford Press 2000

72 Rotheran-Borus, M. J., "Cognitive style and pleasant actives among female adolescent suicide attempters" 58 : 554-561, 1990

73 Goldston, D., "Cognitive risk factors and suicide attempts among formerly hospitalized adolescents: A prospective naturalistic study" 40 : 91-99, 2001

74 Catterson, J., "Cognitive mediators of the effect of peer victimization on loneliness" 80 : 403-416, 2010

75 Ellis, T. E., "Cognition and Suicide: Tow Decades of Progress" 1 (1): 47-68, 2008

76 Stellrecht, N., "Clinical applications of the interpersonal-psychological theory of attempted and completed suicide" 62 (62): 211-222, 2006

77 Pettit, J. W., "Chronic depression: Interpersonal sources, therapeutic solutions" American Psychological Association 2006

78 Crick, N. R., "Children's treatment by peers: Victims of relational and overt aggression" 6 : 367-380, 1996

79 Swearer, S. M., "Bullying in schools: An ecological framework" 2 : 7-23, 2001

80 Bonanno, R. A., "Beyond Hurt Feelings. Investigating Why Some Victims of Bullying Are at Greater Risk for Suicidal Ideation" 56 (56): 420-440, 2010

81 Feldman, S. S., "At the threshold: The developing adolescent. Friendship and peer relations" Harvard University Press 1990

82 Coggan, C., "Association between bullying and mental health status in New Zealand adolescents" 5 (5): 16-22, 2003

83 Beck, A. T., "Assessment of suicidal intention: The sacle for suicidal ideation" 47 : 343-352, 1979

84 Olweus, D., "Annotation: Bullying at school: Basic facts and effects and effect of a school based intervention problem" 35 : 1117-1190, 1994

85 Emery, R. E., "An overview of the nature, causes, and consequences for abusive family relationship: Toward differentiating maltreatment and violence" 53 (53): 121-135, 1998

86 Taft, C. T., "An examination of family adjustment among operation desert storm veterans" 76 (76): 648-656, 2008

87 Woznica, J. G., "An analysis of adolescent suicide attempts: The expendable child" 15 : 789-796, 1990

88 Meneese, W. B., "An analysis of adolescent suicidal ideation. Current Psychology" 11 (11): 51-58, 1992

89 Reinherz, H. Z., "Adolescent suicidal ideation as predictive of psychopathology, suicidal behavior, and compromised functioning at Age 30" 163 : 1226-1232, 2006

90 Lewinsohn, P. M., "Adolescent suicidal ideation and attempts: Prevalence, risk factors and clinical implications" 3 : 25-46, 1996

91 Salzinger, S., "Adolescent suicidal behavior: Associations with preadolescent physical abuse and selected risk and protective factors" 46 (46): 859-866, 2007

92 Mazza, J. J., "Activity involvement among suicidal and nonsuicidal high-risk and typical adolescents" 31 (31): 265-281, 2001

93 Motto, L .A., "A randomized controlled trial of postcrisis suicide prevention" 52 : 828-833, 1990

94 Hanish, I. D., "A longitudinal analysis of patterns of adjustment following peer victimization" 14 : 69-89, 2002

95 청소년폭력예방재단, "2010년 학교폭력실태조사" 청소년폭력예방재단 2011