受刑者의 矯正敎育에 관한 硏究 = (A) Study on the Correctional Education of Prison Inmates

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Modern industrial society, which achieving high economic growth by virtue of technical revolution, witnesses an increase in anti-social crimes and repetition of offenses, their mode becoming more atrocious and heinous.
Yet, we would have to set up the best schemes that will prevent criminal offenses, socialize those offenders again just as we would seek the best cure by supplying medicine in case we are inflicted with diseases.
On the other hand, penal institutions which are to be a scene of correction, owing to various problems to be solved, cannot escape the criticism of their becoming classrooms for crimes. We cannot but admit the fact that the non-eaucational peculiarity which detention facilities possess, total isolation from society, daily life dominated by enforcement, do not serve educational effect and exalting adaptability to society.
The purpose of this dissertation is t o offer reference data to corrective policy decision and enforcement by means of considering various laws, orders, regulations related to correctional education of penal institutions; analyzing actual situation and achievement currently in work; deriving problems which will serve better to prevent repetition of criminal offense.
This dissertation is arranged in the order; First, the necessity of this dissertation, the purpose and contents of study. Second, the history of correctional education and legislative precedences.
In the domain of foreign legislation and its history, objective penalization, educational one, the influence of enlightenment, the endeavor of humanistic reformists of penal service, international conference for reforming prison were explained as background of correctional education of the world; as developmental process of correctional education, transition to philanthropic tolerance, Amsterdam Prison, Perlsylvania System, Auburn System, New York Reformatory School , Elmira System, Inmate Self-government, two great laws that developed American correctional education, that is one for Federal Correctional Bureau and the other Industrial Company, and finally the process that promoted ameliolating Japanese correctional education were also explained.
In the domain of Korea's legislative precedences and history, old Chosun Society, the period of three kingdoms, koryo period and Chosun period of Lee dynasty were examined in their penal policies; under the Japanese rule, correctional education was conducted by regulations concerning exhortation under Ordinance of Chosun Prison and correctional education since the establishment of the Republic of Korea was also considered.
Third, as basic theory of correctional education, its essence, principles, metheds and contents were explained. The essence Of correctional education is to foster the social adaptability and correct anti-morality, anti-sociality of inmates, intended to prevent them falling into prey of repeated offense; and in this categaory various educational activities are included.
The principles of correctional education are; respect for hu- man rights, self-recognition, self-help and trustworthiness. The methods are t o apply, as fundamental method of maintaining that correction of criminal acts is the learning of transforming them into desirable behavior by way of criticizing and eradicating ca- uses of crime, reception, reflection, clarifying emotion were considered; and as general methods, motivation, composition of scenes, observation, listening are to be added.
The contents of correctional education are composed of religion, education and vocational training in America: internment orientation, subject teaching, correspondence education, life guidance, releasing orientation, religious education and vocational training in Japan.
In our country, main contents of correctional education are regulated under the penal code as religious education, subject teaching training, vocational training, Most countries do not possess minute regulations in law or practice. They are delegated to enforcement agencies in terms of working rules. Actual contents in our country are Saemaul spiritual education, purification education, life guidance, economic education, counseling and guidance, subject teaching vocational training, religious education and extra-curriculum activites.
Fourth, during the past ten years, the tendency of crimes in our country showed; total crimes increased 6.8% more than each preceding year; repetition of penal offense by 13% each, repetition of legal offenses by those who completely served their sentences by 12.5% each and criminals of violence whose methods becoming more atrocious by 11.8% annually.
Convicts who bore notorious fame by their offense, when they reappear after serving sentence, are branded as ex-convicts and met with cold treatment. Thus not a few are trapped i n this vicious cycle.
Fifth, the situation of correctional education was considered;
As facilities of correctional education, actual situation of foreign countries and that of Korea were examined. As foreign situation, facilities, budget, system of America, those of West Germany and Japan were considered; and also those of Korea were examined.
Classificatory systems of prisoners were compared : development of the system, methods of classificatory screening, its characteristics of Britain, Iran, the Philippines, sri Lanka were surveyed along with those of Japan. Those of Korea, basic kinds of classificatory screening, methods, standards of classificatory grade, actual status of classified internment were considered.
As curriculum of correctional education, subject teaching, vocational education, religious one, life guidance, Saemaul spiritual education, purification education were described. In subject teaching, the aim was set up to the effect that lack of education was likely to cause one to offend repeatedly. As subject teaching in America, Adult Basic Education, Adult Secondary Education, Post-Secondary Education, Adult Continuing Education and Social Education curricula were considered; as Japan's subject teaching system, object of education, hours and contents of education, teaching methods were examined; and as that of Korea, methods, status of teaching staff, passing national qualification examination, curriculum of radio and correspondence course, the ratio of those who passed national qualification examination and the corelation that the lower the standard of learning the more repetition of offense were examined.
Vocational training was examined as being practised to inmates by imparting technical skills suited to each which will support their lives after release, intended to prevent one to repeat crimes, and at the same time this was purported to make them skilled workers who will serve our nation.
As America's vocational training, there are field-trip, on-the-spot-training and observation. 10 kinds of such training offered mostly in correctional facilities were examined ; and as to that of Japan integrated vocational training, grouped training, training in prison proper were examined along with actual situation of training, status of completion, license and qualification obtaining; as that of Korea selective vocational training by three over-all training centers, vocational training centers supported by civilian enterprises and public vocational training by 31 corrective institutions, policy, contents of facilities were examined; and as that of Japan the fact that the higher grade of skilled workers the less repetition of offense as a result of vocational training was affirmed.
In religious education, doctrines of various religions were given in the form of lecture, preaching and they constitute most necessary education in corrective measures ; it was revealed that religious education served as spiritual pillar of inmates and contributing much to preventing repetition of crimes.
In America, education in prison started as religious education ; 66 prison chaplains, under Federal Correctional Bureau, in cooperation with chaplains outside prison and 4000 Volunteer social workers are administering religious education and guidance in believing life, worshipping services to inmates. In Japan, group exhortation, special preaching, individual preaching and religious; rallies are practised 1ike our country, and various other exhortations by volunteer workers of religion are being practised.
In Korea, under the slogan of making all inmates believers, group exhortation, special preaching, individual preaching, and religious rallies are practised by chaplains, Catholic fathers and Buddhist monks who, in each area, were commissioned to religious committee of inmates.
They are guiding lives in faith and as a result of this education, it was ascertained that the ratio of repeating crimes amounted only to 6 %.
As regards to life guidance, it must go together with teaching knowledge and skills , general education of life pattern must be materialized in life of seeing things properly, thinking method, way of feeling and behavior. And as to the life guidance of new inmates, its contents, those of the released observable in the actual situation of America, Japan and Korea were examined.
In Saemaul spiritual education, frequncy of lectures, educational environment were examined.
In purification education, introductory process, policy, rule of lecture, hours of education and its result were examined. As a result of this education, it was revealed that 309 cases of punishments among inmates prior to the education was decreased to 149 after it.
Sixth, as problems and improving schemes of correctional education, extension of educational facilities, decrease in the density of inmates, increase in the budget which is soley spent for correctional education, increase in force of preaching chaplains, schemes to promote morale of exhorting officers, use of outside lectuerers, recruiting teaching staff from among inmates and promoting themorale of corrective service are urgently needed.
Intermediate machinery of correctives, open prison, prison for women, in-service training institution of officers are desirable ; and securing professional staff in order to make effective the classificatory system, and three large-scale classificatory centers throughout nation are required.
As a remedy for shortage of teaching staff, that of teaching material, that of teaching hours, increase in exhorting officer and preaching chaplains, utilizing graduater from Teachers College and College of Education who are waiting for commission is desirable. Collecting used text-books from various schools and securing teaching hours are also urgent.
In vocational education, selecting objects to be trained, accurate aptitude test, securing able teachers, experimenting materials and making the working lot hygienic are necessary and the kind of training must be fitted so that there leased will soon get job.
In religious education, besidese exhorting officers, many of religious persons in society are to participate in education, and securing books on religion is also necessary.
In purification education, since it being a group training, problems a rise in connection with correctional education which points to individualized education ; and its contents being taught by military methods, doubt is cast upon the continued effect after release of trainees. Radical modification, in accordance with the current ideal of penal code, must be done.
Correctional education that achieved some degree of success so far inside the prison, needs institutionalizing an after care system in order to have its effect continued outside prison.
Seventh, as a conclusion, the author has emphasized, after ascertaining the necessity and effect of correctional education to be continued in ameliolating problems, that leaders of correctional education should have professional knowledge, ample experience, and by administering continuous correctional education, should serve to decrease the ratio of repeated crimes, and should strive to make inmates betterment he second offenders minimum by continued paractice of correctional education.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목차 = ⅰ
• SUMMARY = ⅸ
• Ⅰ. 序論 = 1
• Ⅱ. 矯正敎育의 沿革 = 4
• 1. 外國 = 4
• 2. 우리나라 = 29
• Ⅲ. 矯正敎育의 基本 理論 = 33
• 1. 本質 = 33
• 2. 原理 = 42
• 3. 方法 = 46
• 4. 內容 = 56
• Ⅳ. 우리나라의 犯罪發生實態 = 61
• Ⅴ. 矯正敎育의 實態 = 69
• 1. 矯正敎育의 施設 = 69
• 1) 外國의 施設現況 = 71
• 2) 우리나라의 施設現況 = 86
• 2. 受刑者의 分類制度 = 97
• 1) 外國의 分類制度 = 98
• 2) 우리 나라의 分類制度 = 114
• 3. 矯正敎育課程 = 119
• 1) 學科敎育 = 119
• 2) 職業敎育 = 148
• 3) 宗敎敎育 = 194
• 4) 生活指導 = 213
• 5) 새마을精神 敎育 = 230
• 6) 醇化敎育 = 232
• Ⅵ. 矯正敎育의 問題點 및 改善方案 = 250
• 1. 問題點 = 250
• 2. 改善方案 = 255
• Ⅶ. 結論 = 267
• 參考文獻 = 270