잊혀질 권리에 관한 헌법적 고찰

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The rapid growth of information communication technologies of our society has developed the media by which people can express and exchange their opinions and thoughts freely from oral statements and printed materials to radio and TV based on electromagnetic waves and further to modern internet realizing the world wide web (www, World Wide Web). Technological advancement has changed the paradigm of information distribution and presented the human race with intellectual enrichment and convenience. Furthermore, recently, with the dawn of the Web 2.0 period where the social network services (SNS) helped the internet society become the venue of participation, sharing and openness, internet users which had previously been viewed as information consumers only have changed as active information producers. Such a phenomenon was accelerated by the wide penetration of smart phones. Such technology development, despite its benefit of expanded freedom of expression thanks to transmission technology advancement, accompanies multiple issues to be resolved in the real world such as privacy infringement or defamation due to side effects in the cyber space, private information protection issues, etc. recently, the European countries which have traditionally valued personal rights to a great extent have been actively discussing the use of the idea of right to be forgotten. However, what the right to be forgotten is, its suitability and basic right nature are not been sufficiently reviewed from the constitutional perspective. In this recognition, the thesis examines the idea of right to be forgotten, its constitutional ground and restrictions and limitations thereof.
First of all, the right to be forgotten can be defined as the right to claim to erase or prevent the search of certain information when such information on oneself is searchable by others continuously despite the elapse of a considerable period of time, or is in such a situation. The right to be forgotten is constituted of the right of deletion that is about fundamental matters and the right of search prevention which implements the right of deletion.
Regarding the constitutional ground for right to be forgotten, there are different views that it is the expansion of individual privacy right and that it is self-determination right of one's own individual information. It seems appropriate to view the right to be forgotten as one of the fundamental rights and its constitutional ground needs to be found in Article 10 of the Constitution on general personal rights because the right to be forgotten has the nature of fundamental rights required to maintain the freedom of human integrity or prevent distorted expressions of one's integrity. The right to be forgotten is a fundamental right whose third effect is directly recognized. Therefore, its constitutional ground should be established in objective order of values.
The right to be forgotten naturally conflicts with the freedom of expression. In such conflicts, a solution should reasonably respect and protect the basic rights of the involved opposing parties. The academia presents as a solution, the order of basic right theory (general/abstract balance of interest) and actual coordination principle (specific/individual balance of interest). It seems the actual coordination principle is valid as it coordinates related basic rights so that all of them are realized at the optimum level based on the constitutional principle of unity. The phase theory should be applied to the public interest functioning as the restrictive means of the right to be forgotten. In other words, the public interest is divided into 'public interest/important public interest/far important public interest' and optimal/damage-minimizing/legal interests should be balanced according to this category.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 伊藤英一, "｢記憶する義務｣から｢忘れられる権利｣の時代へ" 230-, 2012

2 宮下紘, "｢忘れられる権利｣をめぐる攻防" 2014

3 정종섭, "헌법학원론" 박영사 2014

4 권영성, "헌법학원론" 법문사 2010

5 김학성, "헌법학원론" P&C Media 2014

6 김철수, "헌법학신론" 박영사 2013

7 계희열, "헌법학(중)" 박영사 2007

8 한수웅, "헌법학" 법문사 2014

9 성낙인, "헌법학" 법문사 2014

10 유재만, "헌법이론적 관점에서의 교육관련 기본권의 이해" 한국공법학회 36 (36): 491-519, 2007

11 한수웅, "헌법 제10조의 인간의 존엄성" 한국헌법학회 13 (13): 237-271, 2007

12 김선택, "행복추구권과 헌법에 열거되지 아니한 권리의 기본권 체계적 해석" 안암법학회 1993

13 허영, "한국헌법론" 박영사 2011

14 문재완, "프라이버시 보호를 목적으로 하는 인터넷 규제의 의의와 한계 -‘잊혀질 권리’ 논의를 중심으로-" (사)한국언론법학회 10 (10): 1-37, 2011

15 안병하, "잊혀질 권리’에 관한 유럽사법재판소 판결의 의미, 어떻게 볼 것인가?" 언론중재위원회 2014

16 조소영, "잊혀질 권리 ― 정보의 웰다잉(well-dying)을 위한 법리 검토 ―" 한국공법학회 41 (41): 433-457, 2012

17 빅토르 마이어 쇤베르거, "잊혀질 권리" 지식의 날개 2011

18 이재진, "인터넷상의 지속적 기사 유통으로 인한 피해의 법적 쟁점:'잊혀질 권리' 인정의 필요성에 대한 탐색적 연구" 한국방송학회 22 (22): 172-212, 2008

19 박철우, "인터넷상 지속적으로 검색되는 문제의 헌법적 해결 : 잊혀질 권리의 도출과 내용을 중심으로" 부산대학교 2012

20 허순철, "인터넷 검색과 개인정보자기결정권" 한국비교공법학회 10 (10): 157-186, 2009

21 박진우, "이른바 ‘잊힐 권리’에 관한 헌법적 조명" 세계헌법학회한국학회 20 (20): 155-183, 2014

22 신평, "언론법" 삼영사 2007

23 유충호, "새로운 인격권으로서 잊힐 권리의 보장에 관한 고찰" 법학연구소 15 (15): 29-56, 2014

24 박용숙, "공인의 명예보호와 표현의 자유" 강원대학교 대학원 2014

25 권건보, "개인정보보호와 자기정보통제권" 경인문화사 2006

26 阪本昌成, "表現權理論" 信山社 2011

27 浦部法穂, "憲法学教室〔全訂〕" 日本評論社 2005

28 淡路智典, "憲法上の比例原則の構造と段階説―ドイツにおける職業の自由の議論を参考として―" 2011

29 芦部信喜, "憲法" 岩波書店 2011

30 清水英夫, "マスコミと人権" 三省堂 1987

31 阪本昌成, "プライバシー保護と個人情報保護の違い" 2012

32 한국정보화진흥원, "‘잊힐 권리’ 관련 유럽사법재판소 판결 분석 및 시사점" 2014

33 권헌영, "‘잊혀질 권리’의 국내 제도 도입 반영 방안 연구" 한국인터넷진흥원 2012

34 함인선, "‘잊혀질 권리’에 관한 고찰 - EU 개인정보보호법안과 우리나라 ｢개인정보 보호법｣의 비교를 중심으로 -" 대한변호사협회 (427) : 51-67, 2012

35 T. I. Emerson, "Toward a Gerneral Theory of the First Amendment" 72 : 877-, 1963

36 Jeffrey Rosen, "The right to be forgotten" 64 : 88-, 2012

37 Jeremy Warner, "The Right to Oblivion: Data Retention from Canada to Europe in Three Backward Steps" 2 (2): 2005

38 Chris Conley, "The Right to Delete"

39 Richard A. Posner, "The Right of Privacy" 12 : 393-, 1978

40 Samuel D. Warren, "The Right To Privacy" 4 : 193-220, 1890

41 Jasmine E. McNealy, "The Emerging Conflict between Newsworthiness and the Right to Be Forgotten" 39 (39): 2012

42 RODNEY A. SMOLLA, "SMOLLA AND NIMMER ON FREEDOM OF SPEECH: A TREATIES ON THE FIRST AMENDMENT" Mattew Bender 2-27, 1994

43 Alan Westin, "PRIVACY AND FREEDOM" 1967

44 Thomas Cooley, "LAW OF TORTS" 1888

45 Daniel J. Solove, "INFORMATION PRIVACY LAW" 2006

46 中西優美子, "GoogleとEUの｢忘れられる権利(削除権)｣(Ⅵ(2))─EU法における先決裁定手続に関する研究" 90 (90): 2014

47 Robert G. Larson III, "FORGETTING THE FIRST AMENDMENT: HOW OBSCURITY-BASED PRIVACY AND A RIGHT TO BE FORGOTTEN ARE INCOMPATIBLE WITH FREE SPEECH" 18 : 91-, 2013

48 David Lindsay, "EMERGING CHALLENGES IN PRIVACY LAW : Comparative Perspectives" Cambridge University Press 2014