Two-Phase Distribution-Based UPnP Proxy Framework for Home-to-Home Content Sharing

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In this dissertation, we design a system architecture and algorithm to provide UPnP A/V device control and media streaming service between different UPnP-enabled homes. To achieve these goals, the problems with UPnP scalability, NAT traversal, home-to-home security, and home-to-home media streaming must be considered. Thus, we propose a Personal Mobile UPnP Control Point (PMCP) which can handle all of these described problems. The proposed PMCP can be installed in devices such as home gateways, home servers, and handheld mobile devices. As soon as a user moves to another UPnP-enabled network, his PMCP establishes a secure channel to the PMCP on his own home network. Through this established secure channel between PMCPs, the PMCPs can send or receive messages generated by UPnP devices on the NATed home network in which they exist.
For this, the designed PMCP uses JXTA protocols to interconnect NATed home networks. These JXTA protocols define a virtual network overlay on top of the existing physical network infrastructure, upon which services and applications are built. The JXTA virtual network hides all of the underlying physical network topology's complexity such as firewalls and NATs, and provides a uniform, addressable network for all peers in the network.
However, this method has difficulty streaming real-time data across NATed home networks using the JXTA relay service due to the transmission delay and overload from a relay peer. Thus, the PMCP uses two different types of NAT traversal schemes in combination. One is for securely transmitting UPnP messages across NATed homes using the JXTA relay service, and the other is for streaming A/V data through the opened external port using the UPnP Internet Gateway Device (IGD) service, which permits peer-to-peer applications to traverse a NAT gateway by dynamically opening and closing ports for communication with other peers.
The proposed PMCP enables service users to easily construct an extended home environment, in which they can freely control UPnP A/V devices such as a UPnP media renderer and a UPnP media server in different UPnP-enabled networks. Suppose a service user placed on such an extended home environment wants to simultaneously broadcast his own content to several physically separated homes. In this case, the traditional UPnP A/V architecture may cause some problems because the link capacity placed on the paths delivering the content, and the number of streaming channels that UPnP media servers can support, is limited. To solve these problems, we propose an enhanced home-to-home content sharing mechanism based on the two-phase distribution scheme that enables a user to multicast his or her high-quality content to other users in an extended home environment.
For this, we enhance the Adaptive FastReplica algorithm based on the two-phase distribution scheme. Although Adaptive FastReplica was designed to efficiently distribute a massive file to large-scale groups, there was no consideration concerning the time constraint needed for a media streaming service. Therefore, we present a novel algorithm that enables the proposed PMCP to properly adjust the number of participant nodes in forwarding a media file in order to satisfy the streaming rate of the content file. With this algorithm, the PMCP makes it possible for a UPnP media server to stream high-quality content to multiple UPnP renderers in different UPnP-enabled home networks.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 1. Introduction 1
• 1.1 Motivation 1
• 1.2 Research Objectives 4
• 1.3 Chapter Organization 7
• 2. Related Works 9
• 2.1 UPnP A/V Device Control Architecture 10
• 2.2 UPnP Proxy Systems for Extended UPnP-Enabled Home Network 13
• 2.2.1 HTTP Push-Based UPnP Proxy 14
• 2.2.2 JXTA-UPnP Bridging 15
• 2.2.3 SIP-Based Scheme 16
• 2.2.4 VPN Tunneling 17
• 2.2.5 SSDP Message Relay 18
• 2.2.6 Summary 19
• 2.3 Large Scale Media Streaming Schemes 21
• 2.3.1 Single Multicast Tree Approach 25
• 2.3.2 Multiple Multicast Trees Approach 26
• 2.3.3 Data-Driven Approach 27
• 2.3.4 Summary 28
• 3. UPnP Proxy Framework for Home-to-Home Content Sharing 30
• 3.1 Personal Mobile UPnP Control Point 30
• 3.1.1 Overall PMCP architecture 31
• 3.1.2 PMCP for NAT Traversal 32
• 3.1.3 Control Flow Sequence of UPnP A/V Devices 35
• 3.1.4 PMCP Authentication and Secure Communication 39
• 3.2 PMCP Extension for DLNA-Compliant Devices 40
• 3.2.1 DLNA Guidelines 41
• 3.2.2 PMCP Extension for DLNA-Compliant Devices 43
• 3.2.3 Control Flow Sequence of DLNA-Compliant Devices 46
• 3.3 PMCP Extension for Home-to-Home Content Sharing 48
• 3.3.1 UPnP QoS Architecture 51
• 3.3.2 PMCP Extension for Home-to-Home Content Sharing 52
• 3.3.3 Control Flow Sequence for Home-to-Home Content Sharing 54
• 3.4 Enhanced Adaptive FastReplica Algorithm 56
• 3.4.1 Two-Phase Distribution Schemes 57
• 3.4.2 Network Model and Theoretical Analysis 60
• 3.4.3 Enhanced Adaptive FastReplica Algorithm for Home-to-Home Content Sharing 63
• 4. PMCP Prototype and Performance Evaluation 72
• 4.1 PMCP Prototype Implementation 72
• 4.2 Performance Evaluation of Enhanced Adaptive FastReplica Algorithm for Home-to-Home Content Sharing 76
• 4.2.1 Experimental Setup and Metrics 77
• 4.2.2 Heterogeneous Network Paths 80
• 4.2.3 Dynamic Network Traffic Loads 83
• 4.2.4 Performance Parameters 86
• 5. Conclusions 92
• References 94
• Abstract 102