Chronic eosinophilic leukemia (CEL) is a chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by a clonal proliferation of eosinophilic precursors that lead to increase eosinophils in the peripheral blood, the bone marrow, and possibly peripheral tissues...
Chronic eosinophilic leukemia (CEL) is a chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by a clonal proliferation of eosinophilic precursors that lead to increase eosinophils in the peripheral blood, the bone marrow, and possibly peripheral tissues. Imatinib has been used as an anti-cancer drug to treat CEL. Imatinib is very effective in CEL, but recently it has been reported that the cancer cells have become resistant against the drug causing clinical problems for molecular-targeted therapies.
S100A8 and S100A9 are calcium- and zinc-binding proteins which play a prominent roles in the regulation of inflammatory processes and immune responses. SFPQ is a splicing factor proline and glutamine rich. S100A8 and S100A9 are associated with cancer and SFPQ reverse the role after interaction with certain molecule such as JNK.
Thus, this study was carried out to investigate the interaction of S100A8 or S100A9 with SFPQ which exist in EoL-1 and EoL-1R cells. The extracts of nucleus and cytosol were applied in a column attached with recombinant S100A8 or S100A9. After elution, the binding proteins were electrophoresed and identified by MALDI-TOF. EoL-1 and imatinib-resistant EoL-1 cells (designated EoL-1R cells) were incubated for 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h in the absence and/or presence (10 μg/mL) of S100A8 or S100A9 and then the alterations of S100A8, S100A9 and SFPQ were analyzed using western blot. And to confirm the movement of S100A8/A9 and SFPQ in nucleus and cytosol of EoL-1 and EoL-1 cells treated with/without S100A8 and S100A9. However, regardless of whether treated with S100A8/A9 or not, there were no changes. Also, immunocytochemistry was performed to confirm the change of expression level and binding of these proteins. Though their expression levels were not changed and S100A8 and S100A9 have no effect on alteration of S100A8, S100A9, and SFPQ, their bindings were slightly increased. To know the more accurate binding localities, electron microscopic examination was performed. The homodimers of S100A8, S100A9, and SFPQ, and each protein were located in the cytoplasm as well as in the nucleus. In addition, they form a heterodimer (S100A8/SFPQ, S100A9/SFPQ). A notable change was that the heterodimer increases in the cytosol in a time-dependent manner after treatment with S100A8 or S100A9. Previously, it was shown that the apoptosis was increased by the treatment of S100A8 or S100A9 among S100 family in EoL-1 and EoL-1R cells.
Taken together, these data indicate that SFPQ interaction with S100A8 or S100A9 may play essential role in apoptosis of leukemia cells and imatinib-resistant leukemia cells.