예비 영유아교사의 정서조절곤란이 행동문제에 미치는 영향에서 성인애착과 공감능력의 조절효과 = The moderating effects of adult attachment and empathy abilities on the relationship between pre-service teacher's difficulties in emotion regulation and behavior problems

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구의 목적은 예비 영유아교사의 정서조절곤란이 행동문제에 미치는 영향에서 성인애착과 공감능력이 작용을 하는지를 규명하여, 예비 교사들의 행동문제를 감소시키기 위한 효과적인 방안을 제시하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 대구·경북에 있는 4년제와 3년제 유아교육과 및 보육관련 예비 영유아교사 929명을 대상으로 연구를 실시하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 예비교사의 정서조절곤란은 행동문제와 정적인 상관을 보여주었으며, 성인애착과 공감능력과는 부적 상관을 보여주었다. 둘째, 정서조절곤란이 행동문제에 미치는 영향에서 성인애착은 조절효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 성인애착이 높을수록 정서조절곤란이 행동문제에 미치는 영향력은 낮아졌다. 셋째, 정서조절곤란이 행동문제에 미치는 영향에서 공감능력은 조절효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 공감능력이 높을수록 정서조절곤란이 행동문제에 미치는 영향력은 낮아졌다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study is to analyze moderating effects of adult attachment and empathy abilities as moderator in order to know how much pre-service teacher’s difficulty in emotion regulation would influence on behavior problems. Also this study suggest that adult attachment and empathy abilities reduces behavior problems and helps the infants are raised positively. For this research, 929 of college students and under graduate students are belong to the department of child care and education currently. The results of study are as follows, First, difficulties in emotion regulation have a positive relationship with behavior problems and negative relationship with adult attachment, empathy abilities. Second, analysis showed that the moderating effect of adult attachment in the relationship between difficulties in emotion regulation and behavior problems is significant. In the case of high level of adult attachment, difficulties in emotion regulation decreased behavior problems. Third, the moderating effect of empathy abilities in the relationship between difficulties in emotion regulation and behavior problems is significant. In the case of high level of empathy abilities, difficulties in emotion regulation decreased behavior problems.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 한준아, "학령기 아동의 정서 조절 능력과 아동이 지각하는 사회적 지원이 남아와 여아의 문제 행동에 미치는 영향" 대한가정학회 49 (49): 11-21, 2011

2 이상미, "초등학생의 공감 및 자기존중감 수준에 따른 집단따돌림 동조유형의 차이연구" 한국교원대학교 교육대학원 2008

3 최현아, "청소년의 외상 경험과 정신화 능력이 품행장애 성향에 미치는 영향" 서울여자대학교 특수치료전문대학원 2014

4 조용래, "정서조절곤란의 평가: 한국판 척도의 심리측정적 속성" 한국임상심리학회 26 (26): 1015-1038, 2007

5 김현진, "점화 효과를 본 성인 ADHD 성향군의 공감특성" 경북대학교 대학원 2015

6 김은정, "우울증상과 관련된 대인관계특성 : 성인기 애착관계형성을 중심으로" 17 (17): 139-153, 1998

7 유영철, "외상의 외적 징후 없이 발생한 흔들린 아이 증후군 1례" 대한안과학회 43 (43): 1108-1112, 2002

8 KBS NEWS, "연습 중 폭언 폭행.... 재롱잔치가 뭐기에?"

9 문승미, "어머니의 정서적 공감과 유아의 문제행동 및 정서조절과의 관계" 경희대학교 대학원 2006

10 조혜리, "양육행동, 공감능력, 분노표현 및 청소년비행 간의 관계" 이화여자대학교 대학원 2009

11 윤혜진, "아동학대에 대한 보육교사의 역할에 관한 연구 : 수도권 지역 보육교사들의 인식을 중심으로" 경희대학교 행정대학원 2008

12 한유진, "아동의 정서조절 능력과 공격성 및 또래관계의 질" 한국아동학회 26 (26): 85-100, 2005

13 황경열, "시설형태와 개인적 변인에 따른 보육교사의 정신건강에 관한 연구" 12 : 117-137, 2004

14 이성직, "성인기 ADHD 진단 전후의 경험에 대한 연구: 해석현상학적 분석" 한국상담학회 18 (18): 111-131, 2017

15 이상일, "성인 ADHD 증상 가장 집단의 연속수행과제 수행 특성" 한국임상심리학회 35 (35): 411-433, 2016

16 최정은, "부모의 양육행동과 유아의 외현화문제행동의 관계에서 정서조절능력의 매개효과" 숙명여자대학교 대학원 2016

17 허진년, "보육교사의 인구사회학적 특성과 직무스트레스가 영유아에 대한 폭력적인 행동에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구" 인제대학교 사회복지대학원 2014

18 이다혜, "대학생의 성인애착과 관계중독의 관계에서 정서조절곤란의 매개효과" 숙명여자대학교 대학원 2016

19 강지흔, "남·여 아동의 정서조절 능력 및 공격성과 학교생활 적응간의 관계" 이화여자대학교 대학원 2004

20 박성희, "공감, 공감적 이해" 원미사 1994

21 이데일리, "“말 안 듣는다.”.. 두 살배기 아이 때린 어린이집 교사 집유 1년"

22 Collins, N. L., "Working models of attachment : Implications for explanation, emotion, and behavior" 58 : 644-663, 1996

23 Graziano, P. A., "The role of emotion regulation in children's early academic success" 45 (45): 3-19, 2007

24 Critchfield, K. L., "The relational context of aggression in borderline personality disorder : Using adult attachment style to predict forms of hostility" 64 (64): 67-82, 2008

25 Miller, P. A., "The relation of empathy to aggressive and externalizing/antisocial behavior" 103 (103): 324-344, 1988

26 Leiberg, S., "The multiple facets of empathy : a survey of theory and evidence" 156 : 419-440, 2006

27 Baron, R. M., "The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research : Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations" 51 (51): 1173-1182, 1986

28 Saarni, C., "The development of emotional competence" Guilford Press 1999

29 Ainsworth, M. D. S., "Review of child developmentre search (Vol. 4.)" University. of Chicago Press 1973

30 Kopp, C. B., "Regulation of distress and negative emotions : A developmental view" 25 (25): 343-354, 1989

31 Zahn-Waxler, C., "Psychophysiological correlates of empathy and prosocial behaviors in preschool children with behavior problems" 7 (7): 27-48, 1995

32 Beauchaine, T. P., "Polyvagal theory and developmental psychopathology : Emotion dysregulation and conduct problems from preschool to adolescence" 74 : 174-184, 2007

33 Ainsworth, M. D. S., "Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation" Psychology Press 2015

34 Costa, P. T. Jr., "Normal personality assessment in clinical practice : The NEO Personality Inventory" 4 (4): 5-13, 1992

35 Davila, J., "Negative affectivity as a mediator of the association between adult attachment and marital satisfaction" 5 (5): 467-484, 1998

36 안현의, "NEO-II 성격검사 해석지침서" 학지사심리검사연구소 2015

37 Gresswell, D. M., "Multiple murder : A review" 34 (34): 1-14, 1994

38 Gratz, K. L., "Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation : Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale" 26 (26): 41-54, 2004

39 Kim, J., "Longitudinal pathways linking child maltreatment, emotion regulation, peer relations, and psychopathology" 51 (51): 706-716, 2010

40 Goodwin, R. D., "Lifetime comorbidity of antisocial personality disorder and anxiety disorders among adults in the community" 117 (117): 159-166, 2003

41 Malatesta, C. Z, "Learning display rules: The socialization of emotion expression in infancy" 53 (53): 991-1003, 1982

42 Bretherton, I., "Internal working models in attachment relationships: A construct revisited" 1999

43 Sharma, S., "Identification and Analysis of Moderator Variables" 291-300, 1981

44 Lijffijt, M., "Heightened early-attentional stimulus orienting and impulsive action in men with antisocial personality disorder" 1-11, 2016

45 Davis, M. H., "Empathy: A social psychological approach" Westview Press 1994

46 Paivio, S. C., "Empathy and emotion regulation : Reprocessing memories of childhood abuse" 57 (57): 213-226, 2001

47 Eisenberg, N., "Empathy : Conceptualization, measurement, and relation to prosocial behavior" 14 (14): 131-149, 1990

48 Rydell, A. M., "Emotionality, emotionregulation, and adaptation among 5-to8-year old children" 3 : 30-47, 2003

49 Tice, D. M., "Emotional distress regulation takes precedence over impulse control : If you feel bad, do it!" 80 : 53-67, 2001

50 Eisenberg, N., "Emotion, regulation, and moral development" 51 (51): 665-697, 2000

51 Thompson, R., "Emotion regulation: A theme in search of definition" 59 (59): 25-52, 1994

52 Cassidy, J., "Emotion regulation : Influences of attachment relationships" 59 (59): 228-249, 1994

53 Arnett, J. J., "Emerging adulthood : A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties" 55 (55): 469-480, 2000

54 Campbell-Sills, L., "Effects of suppression and acceptance on emotional responses of individuals with anxiety and mood disorders" 44 (44): 1251-1263, 2006

55 Gottman, J. M., "Effects of marital discord on young children's peer interaction and health" 25 (25): 373-381, 1989

56 Lopez, F. G., "Dynamic processes underlying adult attachment organization : Toward an attachment theoretical perspective on the healthy and effective self" 47 (47): 283-300, 2000

57 American Psychiatric Association, "Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders" American Psychiatric Association 1994

58 Fredriksen, M., "Childhood and persistent ADHD symptoms associated with educational failure and long-term occupational disability in adult ADHD" 6 (6): 87-99, 2014

59 Ehring, T., "Characteristics of emotion regulation in recovered depressed versus never depressed individuals" 44 (44): 1574-1584, 2008

60 Mauricio, A. M., "Borderline and antisocial personality scores as mediators between attachment and intimate partner violence" 22 (22): 139-157, 2007

61 Mallinckrodt, B., "Attachment, social competencies, social support, and interpersonal process in psychotherapy" 10 (10): 239-266, 2000

62 Feeney, J. A., "Attachment style as a predictor of adult romantic relationships" 58 (58): 281-291, 1990

63 Mikulincer, M., "Attachment in adulthood: Structure, dynamics, and change" Guilford Press 2007

64 Kobak, R. R., "Attachment in Late Adolescence : Working Models, Affect Regulation, and Representations of Self and Others" 59 (59): 135-146, 1988

65 Egeland, B., "Attachment and early maltreatment" 44-52, 1981

66 Moss, E., "Attachment and behavior problems in middle childhood as reported by adult and child informants" 18 (18): 425-444, 2006

67 Bartholomew, K., "Attachment Theory and Close Relationships" 25-45, 1998

68 Gomez-Smith, Z., "An examination of adult onset offending" 33 (33): 515-525, 2005

69 Guttman, H., "Alexithymia, empathy, and psychological symptoms in a family context" 43 (43): 448-455, 2002

70 Bradley, S. J., "Affect regulation and the delopment of psychopathology" Guilford Press 2000

71 Mickelson, K. D., "Adult attachment in a nationally representative sample" 73 (73): 1092-1106, 1997

72 Feeney, J. A., "Adult attachment and emotional control" 2 (2): 143-159, 1995

73 Robert, J. E., "Adult Attachment Security and Symtoms ofDispression : The Mediating roles of Dysfunctional Attitudes and low Self-esteem" 70 : 310-320, 1996

74 Silk, J. S., "Adolescents' emotion regulation in daily life : Links to depressive symptoms and problem behavior" 74 (74): 1869-1880, 2003

75 McLeod, G. F. H., "Adolescent depression, adult mental health and psychosocial outcomes at 30 and 35years" 46 (46): 1401-1412, 2016

76 Hayes, S. C., "Acceptance and commitment therapy, relational frame theory, and the third wave of behavioral and cognitive therapies" 35 (35): 639-665, 2004

77 Wicks-Nelson, R., "Abnormal child and adolescent psychology" Pearson Prentice Hall 2009

78 Bowlby, "A secure base: Parent Child Attachment and Healthy Human Development" 137-157, 1988

79 Tull, M. T., "A preliminary investigation of the relationship between emotion regulation difficulties and posttraumatic stress symptoms" 38 (38): 303-313, 2007

80 Davis, M. H., "A multidimensional approach to individual difference in empathy" 10 : 85-113, 1980

81 Cooper, M. L., "A motivational perspective on risky behaviors : The role of personality and affect regulatory processes" 68 : 1059-1088, 2000