This paper compared and analyzed the Russian and Ukrainian wars in 2014 and 2022 as the framework for analysis of the Klausevitz Trinity theory. Through the analysis results, the war paradigm and the change in the aspects of war in 2022 were explored....
This paper compared and analyzed the Russian and Ukrainian wars in 2014 and 2022 as the framework for analysis of the Klausevitz Trinity theory. Through the analysis results, the war paradigm and the change in the aspects of war in 2022 were explored. To this end, hybrid warfare and trinity theory were organized into concepts and analysis frameworks through theoretical review.
As a result of comparing and analyzing the war patterns as a framework for analysis, the main changes and effects in 2014 and 2022 are summarized as follows.
First, in terms of the government, Russian President Putin made a wrong political judgment that the invasion of Ukraine in 2022 was due to his belief in military success and collective thinking in the dictatorship. On the other hand, the Ukrainian government is making it difficult to achieve Russia's political goals by presenting clear political goals against Russia in 2022 and drawing people's unity, international support, and support through Zelensky's leadership.
Second, in terms of the military, in 2022, the Russian military was not able to unify the weak military structure and command system centered on conscripts, and the expression of BTG capabilities was limited. In 2014, non-military subjects such as anti-government protesters and paramilitary organizations were integrated using Little Green Man. However, in 2022, due to the implementation of operations throughout Ukraine, the people's tendency to oppose Russia was high, and the creation of conditions for input was insufficient. It is also having difficulty in exerting combat power, with morale declining and mobilization restricted as it gives superiority to Ukraine and the international community in the cognitive domain. It also failed to achieve a public advantage. On the other hand, the Ukrainian army is composed of reserves, civilians, and mercenaries with a clear purpose and is demonstrating its ability. The new way of carrying out operations, the integration of public-private forces, is well defended against Russian attacks and contributes greatly to Ukraine's survival.
Third, in terms of the people, Russia expanded the war throughout Ukraine in 2022 and the pro-Russian people became a minority. In 2014, Crimea and Donbas showed a big difference compared to 90% of pro-Russian tendencies. This factor restricted the use of non-military means in hybrid warfare. On the other hand, Ukraine is preventing Russia's influence by most of the pro-Western people in 2022 and drawing support from the people with Zelensky's leadership. Due to the above factors, Russia is making the 2022 war difficult as a conventional all-out war, unlike the success of the hybrid war in 2014.
The following is a summary of the war paradigm and the changes in the aspects of war. Russia's 2014 war in Ukraine was a successful hybrid war in which the Russian government used military and non-military means to control the Ukrainian government to respond rationally and not cause original violence among the people. On the other hand, Russia's ongoing invasion of Ukraine in 2022 failed to create hybrid war conditions due to Western support and sanctions, and invaded with conventional military forces. Despite the 20-fold difference in national power with Russia, Ukraine has strengthened its military capabilities by exercising Western support, government reason, and people's violence, failing to achieve Russia's political goals. It curbed Russia's hybrid war and changed the aspects of the war to favor Ukraine.
Based on the comparative analysis results, the results of exploring the cause of the change in the development aspects are as follows. First, the difference in war goals. Second, Russia's defeat in intelligence and cyber warfare. Third, it is a blind faith in military power following Russia's success in military reform.
There are four implications derived based on the results and causes of comparative analysis of the Russian and Ukrainian wars in 2014 and 2022. First, the application of the changed strategic environment. Second, customized information warfare and cyber warfare are performed. Third, it is the development of the concept of integrated defense operations of the public-private military. Fourth, securing international support.