This study deals with the influence factors of each period in the history of competitive swimming in China after the founding of New China, and the purpose of this study is to provide basic data for the development of swimming performance of China by ...
This study deals with the influence factors of each period in the history of competitive swimming in China after the founding of New China, and the purpose of this study is to provide basic data for the development of swimming performance of China by analyzing and examining the factors that affect swimming performance based on the results in the world competition including the Olympics after dividing the process of change of competitive swimming events in China since modern times into historical stages.
In this study, referring to previous studies, the author of this thesis has divided the periods as follows. The period from 1953, when Chinese competitive swimming won its first gold medal in a world competition, to 1966, prior to the Cultural Revolution, was the initial expansion period. The stagnation period from 1967 to 1971, when training and competition activities were completely suspended due to the Cultural Revolution, and the training level of competitive swimmers dropped significantly. The recovery period from 1972 to 1980, the latter part of the Cultural Revolution, from 1981 to 1987 as a development period, from 1988 to 1994 as a take-off period, from 1995 to 2003 was a chaotic period, and 2004 to 2022 as a sustainable development period so that the author can consider the influence factors of competitive swimming of China by historical periods.
Swimming is the sport with the most medals at the Olympic Games, after track and field, and it would be a sport whose records and results directly affect a country's status in the world sports games. Swimming in China has been recognized as important since the founding of New China by Mao Zedong as public swimming and competition swimming, and much interest and assistance has been continued to swimming with recognition of importance of it since the spreading period of modern swimming.
Based on the history of competitive swimming in China and performance in world competitions including the Olympics, influencing factors were divided into each period, and social environment factors, and training support factors, and the core factors would be analyzed and the author of the thesis has obtained the conclusions as follows.
First, in the 60-year development history of competitive swimming in China, the characteristics of development by period could be clearly observed. As a result of retrospecting and forecasting before and after the 'Cultural Revolution' and the development of competitive swimming in China could be classified into the initial expansion period, the stagnation period, the recovery period, the development period, the take-off period, the chaotic period, and the sustainable development period through 7 historical stages.
Second, different levels and factors that appeared in the competitive swimming factor system showed different promoting effects on the development of swimming performance. The socio-environmental factors include the socio-political environment and the socio-economic environment, which are external conditions and environments for the development of swimming level in China, and have been shown to play direct and indirect roles in the development of swimming level.
Third, training support factors include training management, scientific research support, and training environment as factors, which are important conditions for the development of Chinese swimming level and are the internal environment for the development. The development and change of training support factors play an important role in facilitating the development of the exercise level and show a certain identity.
Fourth, key factors include athletes, instructors, and training theories and methods. This is the most important factor in driving the development of competitive swimming in China, and its changes have played a direct role in the development of competitive swimming. China's completion of basic, intermediate, and advanced training systems and orderly training of talents were found to have relatively high-quality training systems. This system has formed a growth process in which low skill level players gradually move to high level players, and the number of first-class players, national level players and strong athletes gradually increases.
However, the growth trend of international-class swimmers has not been clear, and there are many changes that appear as rapid and rapid declines every year, revealing problems such as the lack of excellent management players and the need for further development of training methods and means.
In China, high-level swimmers were unable to increase steadily and rapidly in stages, affecting overall swimming performance. The number of swimming instructors in a country, the strength of their leadership, and the level of leadership levels all determine the overall level of development and the setting of strategic goals for that country's competitive swimming.
Chinese competitive swimming training has been developed and perfected through decades of repetition of exploration and practice, and a series of scientific swimming training theories and methods have been formed, providing conditions for the rapid development of Chinese swimming levels. However, it should be pointed out that there are still some deficiencies in Chinese swimming training theory and method research. For example, there are several disadvantages, such as low theory-practice coupling, low originality, and low reform intensity.
On the other hand, it is found that most of the front-line instructors of competitive swimming in China only would value the study of the practicality of training theory in theory practice, which has some problems developing basic research by combining theory and practice. On the other hand, it is thought that researchers engaged in theoretical research at universities would be often unable to closely combine with actual swimming, forming a trend of estimating only theory and neglecting actual combat, escaping from actual swimming.