The purpose of this study is to develop and apply a measurement tool that can objectively diagnose digital literacy required in the process of job performance by reflecting the concept and components of digital literacy in line with the expanding tren...
The purpose of this study is to develop and apply a measurement tool that can objectively diagnose digital literacy required in the process of job performance by reflecting the concept and components of digital literacy in line with the expanding trend of the concept of digital literacy. The research questions for this are as follows.
1. What is the job-based digital literacy measurement tool for elementary school teachers?
1-1. What are the components and questions of job-based digital literacy of elementary school teachers?
1-2. Is the quality of the developed job-based digital literacy measurement tool for elementary school teachers appropriate?
2. What is the level of digital literacy of elementary school teachers measured according to the job-based digital literacy measurement tool?
2-1. What is the level of digital literacy by job area and question?
2-2. What are the differences in the level of digital literacy according to gender, educational background, age, experience, Edutech work and experience as a leading teacher?
In order to achieve such research problems, the research procedure was largely conducted in the order of digital literacy and job component extraction and suitability confirmation through literature research, item development, item content validity review, preliminary measurement conduct and item, correlation analysis, reliability verification, main measurement and measurement validity verification, and digital literacy level analysis of elementary school teachers.
First, in order to develop a job-based digital literacy measurement tool for elementary school teachers, the components of digital literacy and the jobs of elementary school teachers were extracted through analysis of previous studies. The suitability of the job content was confirmed through focus group interviews with three elementary school teachers.
Second, in the question development stage, a question was developed to diagnose digital literacy required in the process of performing a job by elementary school teachers. While developing it by referring to existing diagnostic tools and previous studies, 191 job-based digital literacy questions were developed by reflecting the opinions of six elementary school teachers through written interviews.
Third, a content validity review was conducted by an expert group. The expert group consisted of one professor of education, one professor of computer engineering, one professor of computer education, one doctor of teaching and learning, eight elementary school teachers in charge of AI and Edutech, and a total of 12 people to verify the content validity.
Fourth, a preliminary measurement was conducted on 129 elementary school teachers in Seoul with 112 questions revised through expert content validity. After the preliminary measurement, 92 questions for the main measurement were confirmed after revising the measurement tool through item analysis, correlation analysis, and reliability verification.
Fifth, as a stage of conducting this measurement, this measurement conducted this survey on 300 elementary school teachers at the Seoul Metropolitan Office of Education, and finally confirmed the official validity and reliability.
Sixth, using the measurement tool, we analyzed whether there is a difference in the level of digital literacy according to the job of elementary school teachers, the level of digital literacy by question, and the respondent's background (gender, educational background, age, career, Edutech work and experience as a leading teacher).
Results of Research Question 1
First, in the era of digital transformation, there was no tool to measurement digital literacy by comprehensively considering the job characteristics of elementary school teachers, but this study developed a job-based digital literacy measurement tool for elementary school teachers and used the developed measurement tool to diagnose digital literacy of elementary school teachers. This measurement tool includes comprehensive digital literacy components such as technology, utilization, and ethics, and test items for each job, task, and task of elementary school teachers, differentiating the measurement tools so far from the existing tools composed around the area of digital literacy itself. In other words, reflecting the job characteristics of elementary school teachers, the development of digital literacy test tools required to perform specific tasks and tasks according to job areas such as instruction and learning guidance, life guidance, classroom management, administrative work, and professional enhancement. These results will help you find what you lack and how to improve your competence by allowing you to diagnose and analyze the digital literacy required in the job performance process of elementary school teachers more practically and naturally.
Second, the job-based digital literacy measurement tool for elementary school teachers developed in this study is meaningful in that it attempted to develop a digital literacy scale for elementary school teachers based on the job of elementary school teachers. In the future, the following usability can be expected if similar repeated studies, cross-validation verification by different research groups, and large-scale sampling are carried out to secure reference validity. First, elementary and prospective teachers in the school field will be able to find ways to strengthen their vulnerable areas by using this measurement tool to measurement the level of digital literacy, and education-related workers, such as the Office of Education and the University of Education, will be able to come up with ideas for training development and course opening, focusing on the capabilities that prospective teachers should strengthen. In particular, since detailed contents are presented for each job, it can be linked to practical and highly useful educational programs.
Results of Research Question 2
First, as a result of elementary school teachers' job-based digital literacy diagnosis, teachers showed low performance in teaching and learning guidance by job area, and using AI-based digital learning tools and virtual space and augmented reality tools as specific questions. These results indicate that in order to strengthen teachers' digital literacy, it is necessary to derive areas that lack digital literacy of each teacher rather than collective training and to provide customized training accordingly. In particular, in order to use the various digital tools presented in the measurement questions of this study according to the class situation, practice-oriented training based on actual class cases is required. In addition, education-related institutions are significant in that they can use this measurement tool when constructing specific content-oriented training that is essential and can be used directly in the teaching field to strengthen teachers' digital literacy.
Second, as a result of analyzing digital literacy by background variable of elementary school teachers, it is necessary to examine that the score of digital literacy of low-experience teachers was relatively higher than that of high-experience teachers according to their careers. The relatively low level of digital literacy indicates that high-experience teachers are not actively coping with newly introduced digital devices or programs, even though high-experience teachers have spent longer in teaching than low-experience teachers. Customized education is especially needed for high-experience teachers to effectively teach future generations of students in line with the changes of the times when digital education is strengthened and digital textbooks are introduced from 2025. For such high-experience teachers, it is urgent to introduce continuous and systematic educational programs rather than providing one-time training, and education that meets their beliefs and digital literacy needs should be operated. In addition, by forming a learning community together with low-experience and high-experience teachers, it is necessary to revitalize a learning field where teachers with different careers share strengths and experiences.