In this study, by looking into the principles of the directors, the educational principles maintaining the forest kindergartens were investigated. Educational principle is an unseen source of energy enabling the education itself. By what educational p...
In this study, by looking into the principles of the directors, the educational principles maintaining the forest kindergartens were investigated. Educational principle is an unseen source of energy enabling the education itself. By what educational principle, the directors established the forest kindergartens and how their principles shown in the spot of education was studied. To find out the intangible educational principles of forest kindergarten, the research problems were set as follows.
Problem 1: In what perspective the directors look at the kindergarteners and with what principles on play games do the directors run the forest kindergartens?
Problem 2: On what merit of nature do the directors focus to configure the forest kindergarten where children play in nature? How is the belief in the nature as the best playground unfolded on site of the forest kindergartens?
Problem 3: How do the inner educational principles of the directors affect themselves, and furthermore, the local community?
To find out the on-site educational principles, quality research method was used to extract educational value sets from the directors through interviews and writings. Also, narrative research method investigating valuable processes of human experiences was used for description. The on-site text is composed based on the interviews from 12 forest kindergarten directors and 5 consecutive forest kindergarten on-site observations. Transcribed interviews and the directors’ writings such as columns, books, and articles were collected to compose a meaningful category. Also, research process and direction were determined with consultations and advices from naturalism educational professionals.
According to this research result, forest kindergarten directors have a belief in the children and play games, a belief in the nature as the best playground, and a belief in themselves and their local communities. The belief of the directors in children and play games can be divided into 8 subcategories. First, the directors perceive a child as a self-growing person and actively support children to make their own choices of play games and to continue playing. Second, the directors acknowledge play games as an energy source of children’s lives. They considered providing a play environment where children can grow themselves through free activities in the nature as their duty. Third, in forest, children could be deeply absorbed in play activities. Freedom in their choices of play games has given children inner motives to be absorbed in games they started. Fourth, the wide space in nature and abundant natural products enabled play games with cooperation and consideration with others. Fifth, the children were given the opportunity to exercise their imagination because playthings obtained from nature such as leaves, fruits, soil, and roots require creative images to be attached. The play activities restrained by artificial playthings were expanded to imaginative play activities with natural products enabling children to grow creatively. Sixth, children can experience integrated play activities stimulating all five senses of seeing, touching, tasting, smelling and hearing. Seventh, it was emphasized that the forest kindergarten teacher’s role was not in demonstration but in participation as an observer or a passive participant. To acknowledge the ability of children to grow by themselves through communicating with nature, teachers were trying to give fewer instructions. Eighth, children were acknowledged as the host of play activities and ceremonial programs like school art festival restricting children’s play activities were not performed.
Next, the belief of directors in the nature as the best playground can be divided into 5 subcategories. First, directors saw the earth as the playground where children’s lives foundation can be formed. Children could experience various activities on the ground from simple digging and carrying the soil to gardening activities to grow a living thing. Second, the nature was seen as a living playground where children can commune with living organisms. Though detailed observation of insects and plants and experience of varying environment with daily weather changes, children can learn to communicate with living things. Third, the nature was seen as a playground where children can grow healthy. Through various activities in nature, children’s growing body could be developed and their energy was worked off, which led children to crave for eating healthy food without unbalanced eating habits. Fourth, the nature was a place to correct problematic behaviors such as hyperactivity or attachment disorder. In the process of play activities in nature, children’s problematic behaviors were reduced and socializing interaction with others begun. Fifth, the nature was a playground with positive influence to the children’s family. The children grown healthy in their body and mind intermediate their own family to get closer to the forest.
Lastly, the forest kindergarten directors believed in their educational method and hoped their belief to be spread in local communities. This can be divided into 4 subcategories. First, based on the belief in themselves, directors could overcome various conflicts and struggles at the beginning and maintain the forest kindergarten. Second, through believing in their own management, the directors tried to establish their belief in free activities rather than compromising with parents who wanted perceptive oriented education or early English education. Third, they realized believing in teachers on-site by beginning with employing teachers who could play with children in nature. They believed that teachers should be able to commune with the forest first to induce the children to do the same. Fourth, by believing in the local community, they wanted to share forest education rather than competing. By sharing the satisfaction they achieved