상담자 즉시성이 상담회기평가 및 작업동맹에 미치는 영향:회기-내담자-상담자 3수준 다층모형 검증 = The Effects of Counselor Immediacy on Session Evaluation and Working Alliance Perceived by Clients: Testing Session-Client-Counselor 3-level Hierarchical Linear and Nonlinear Models

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study investigated the effects of counselor immediacy on client-perceived session evaluation and working alliance, controlling for other counselor techniques (e. g., interpretation). Additionally, psychological distress and interpersonal problems as client variables and counseling experience as a counselor variable were included to examine if they influenced the relations between immediacy and outcome variables. Ten professional counselors at regional university counseling centers collected data from 28 clients including undergraduate students who volunteered for counseling at a counseling psychology class. HLM analyses revealed that immediacy was positively related to the linear change of session evaluation, which varied by the level of client's interpersonal problems. Counselor's counseling experience showed no effects on the relation between immediacy and session evaluation. Results also indicated that working alliance changed in a quadratic fashion, with immediacy having no effects on the change pattern. Limitations of the study and the implications for counselor training and supervision are discussed.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구에서는 상담과정 변인인 상담자 즉시성이 상담성과 변인인 회기평가와 작업동맹에 영향을 미치는지를 검증하였다. 이 때, 즉시성의 고유효과를 확인하기 위해 해석 등 다른 상담기법의 영향력을 통계적으로 통제하였고, 내담자 변인(심리적 디스트레스, 대인관계문제)과 상담자 변인(상담경력)이 즉시성의 효과에 영향을 미치는지를 확인하였다. 본 연구를 위해 서울, 경기, 경북 지역에 소재한 대학상담센터에서 근무하고 있는 상담경력 1년 이상인 상담자들(N = 10)이 참여하였고, 실제 내담자 또는 상담심리 수업에서 상담을 자원한 학부생 등 총 28명으로부터 자료를 수집하였다. 회기-내담자-상담자 3수준 성장모형을 설정하고, HLM 6.08을 사용하여 자료를 분석하였다. 자료 분석 결과, 상담이 진행됨에 따라 내담자의 회기평가는 선형으로 증가하였고, 상담자 즉시성은 내담자의 회기평가에 정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 내담자의 상담 전 대인관계문제가 심각할수록 즉시성의 영향력이 증가한 반면, 상담자의 상담경력은 즉시성 효과에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 내담자가 지각한 작업동맹은 시간의 흐름에 따라 역-U자 형태로 변하는 것으로 나타났는데, 상담자 즉시성은 작업동맹 변화에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과를 토대로 후속연구에 대한 제언과 즉시성 관련 교육 및 훈련에 대한 시사점을 논하였다.

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