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Tam, Clarence C.,Anderson, Kathryn B.,Offeddu, Vittoria,Weg, Alden,Macareo, Louis R.,Ellison, Damon W.,Rangsin, Ram,Fernandez, Stefan,Gibbons, Robert V.,Yoon, In-Kyu,Simasathien, Sriluck The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygi 2018 The American journal of tropical medicine and hygi Vol.99 No.4
<P><B>Abstract.</B></P><P>Military recruits are at high risk of respiratory infections. However, limited data exist on military populations in tropical settings, where the epidemiology of respiratory infections differs substantially from temperate settings. We enrolled recruits undertaking a 10-week military training at two Royal Thai Army barracks between May 2014 and July 2015. We used a multiplex respiratory panel to analyze nose and throat swabs collected at the start and end of the training period, and from participants experiencing respiratory symptoms during follow-up. Paired sera were tested for influenza seroconversion using a hemagglutinin inhibition assay. Overall rates of upper respiratory illness and influenza-like illness were 3.1 and 2.0 episodes per 100 person-weeks, respectively. A pathogen was detected in 96% of samples. The most commonly detected microbes were <I>Haemophilus influenzae</I> type B (62.7%) or non–type B (58.2%) and rhinovirus (22.4%). At baseline, bacterial colonization was high and included <I>H. influenzae</I> type B (82.3%), <I>H. influenzae</I> non–type B (31.5%), <I>Klebsiella pneumoniae</I> (14.6%), <I>Staphylococcus aureus</I> (8.5%), and <I>Streptococcus pneumoniae</I> (8.5%). At the end of follow-up, colonization with <I>H. influenzae</I> non–type B had increased to 74.1%, and <I>S. pneumoniae</I> to 33.6%. In the serology subset, the rate of influenza infection was 3.4 per 100 person-months; 58% of influenza infections resulted in clinical disease. Our study provides key data on the epidemiology and transmission of respiratory pathogens in tropical settings. Our results emphasize the need for improved infection prevention and control in military environments, given the high burden of illness and potential for intense transmission of respiratory pathogens.</P>
Watanaveeradej, Veerachai,Simasathien, Sriluck,Mammen Jr., Mammen P.,Nisalak, Ananda,Tournay, Elodie,Kerdpanich, Phirangkul,Samakoses, Rudiwilai,Putnak, Robert J.,Gibbons, Robert V.,Yoon, In-Kyu,Jarma The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygi 2016 The American journal of tropical medicine and hygi Vol.94 No.6
<P>We evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of two doses of a live-attenuated, tetravalent dengue virus vaccine (F17/Pre formulation) and a booster dose in a dengue endemic setting in two studies. Seven children (7- to 8-year-olds) were followed for 1 year after dose 2 and then given a booster dose (F17/Pre formulation), and followed for four more years (Child study). In the Infant study, 49 2-year-olds, vaccinated as infants, were followed for approximately 3.5 years after dose 2 and then given a booster dose (F17) and followed for one additional year. Two clinically notable events were observed, both in dengue vaccine recipients in the Infant study: 1 case of dengue approximately 2.7 years after dose 2 and 1 case of suspected dengue after booster vaccinations. The booster vaccinations had a favorable safety profile in terms of reactogenicity and adverse events reported during the 1-month follow-up periods. No vaccine-related serious adverse events were reported during the studies. Neutralizing antibodies against dengue viruses 1–4 waned during the 1–3 years before boosting, which elicited a short-lived booster response but did not provide a long-lived, multivalent antibody response in most subjects. Overall, this candidate vaccine did not elicit a durable humoral immune response.</P>