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조혁수 ( Hyuk Soo Cho ),김장훈 ( Jang Hoon Kim ) 한국해운물류학회(구 한국해운학회) 2015 해운물류연구 Vol.31 No.4
해운물류산업은 개별국가의 경제성장에 중요한 기반이 되고 있다. 다양한 분야에서 논의되고 있는 ``안전(safety)`` 이슈는 해운물류산업에서도 중요한 주제이다. 이러한 중요성에도 불구하고 해운물류산업 안전과 관련한 체계적인 선행 연구가 진행되지 않았다. 본 연구는 안전 성과가 컨테이너항을 포함한 해운물류산업 경쟁력에 미치는 영향에 대해 실증적으로 분석하고 있다. 구체적으로 해운물류산업 관련 다양한 유형 혹은 무형 자원과 안전 성과와의 관계를 국가 수준의 자료를 활용해 분석하고 있다. 선행연구 및 실증분석 결과 개별국가의 인프라 수준과 정보통신기술 역량이 해운물류산업 관련 안전 성과에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고 있으며, 해운물류산업 네트워크의 중요성도 도출할 수 있었다. 하지만 해운물류산업 효율성과 안전 성과와의 상관관계는 추가적인 연구가 필요한 것으로 파악되었다. 또한 향후 국가 수준이 아닌 관련 업계 참여자 대상 설문조사(survey)를 병행하는 것이 본 연구의 한계점을 보완할 수 있는 합리적인 연구 과제로 판단되고 있다. Globalization has played an important role in the maritime industry. A growing competition in marine transportation and seaports has been leaded by the increasing globalization. In particular, globalization of markets or production has led to a rapid increase in vessel movements in many seaports. Many conglomerates are trying to extend enterprises far beyond their home countries via global Supply Chain Management (SCM). It is important for them to compete and survive in the global marketplace. However, on the other hand, the activity to overcome the severe competition may put marine transportation and seaports at risk. The maritime industry has witnessed several accidents worldwide. These disasters have raised the awareness of both researchers and policy makers about the importance of risk assessment and safety in marine transportation and seaport operation. There have been various accidents in marine transportation such as ship collisions, oil spills, ship sinks, etc. In Korea, the sinking of a domestic cruise (the MV Sewol) occurred in 2014. This disaster has raised the awareness of both researchers and policy makers about risk assessment and safety in marine transportation and seaport operation. ``Safety`` has been a key issue in many areas including the maritime industry. According to previous studies, there are two different approaches to analyze maritime risk, although there is a considerable overlap (and often confusion) between them. Maritime risk is associated with marine transportation and seaport operation. According to previous studies, safety performance can be an important factor determining competitiveness of the maritime industry. Nevertheless, there are limited studies emphasizing it. Historic safety performance of vessels sailing under particular flags and passenger ferry safety were the core subjects in the previous studies. Some of them assessed the safety of individual vessels or marine structures. Additionally, probabilistic risk assessment in the maritime domain has been discussed. However, there has been little research about risk management in the maritime industry across countries. This study is thus designed to undertake maritime risk and performance in seaport operation with a cross-country empirical analysis. This study aims to investigate the influence of safety performance to the competitiveness of maritime industry. Various tangible and intangible resources regarding the safety performance and competitiveness are empirically examined with secondary data. This study uses several databases regarding safety performance, infrastructure, ICT capability, efficiency, and network of maritime industry, which contain country-level data. Based on them, this study found that maritime infrastructure and ICT capability can play an important role to improve safety performance of individual countries. This study tested hypotheses with country-level data. We suggest to combine country-level and firm-level data for future research. It can be an alternative to overcome some limitations of this study.
강진아 ( Jin Ah Kang ),강효원 ( Hyo Won Kang ),우수한 ( Su Han Woo ) 한국해운물류학회(구 한국해운학회) 2014 해운물류연구 Vol.30 No.4
본 연구는 기존 연구에서 다루지 않았던 석유화학기업의 해운선사 선택요인에 대한 인식을 분석하는데 그 목적이 있다. 특히, 컨테이너선과 탱커선을 분류하여, 해운선사를 선정하는 요인별 우선순위를 도출하고, 그 중요도를 평가함으로써 석유화학기업을 고객으로 하는 해운기업의 경쟁력을 확보하고 강화하는데 유용한 정보를 제공하게 된다. 이를 위해, 석유화학기업의 물류담당자에게 설문조사를 실시하고 계층분석적 의사결정기법를 통해 선택요인의 우선순위를 분석하였다. 석유화학업체의 물류담당자 15명에 대해 설문을 실시하였다. 수집된 자료를 분석한 결과 해운선사를 선택하는 기준으로 비용, 서비스, 운송 요인을 기업 요인 보다는 중요하게 생각하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 이를 탱커전용선과 컨테이너선으로 구분한 경우 탱커선에 대해서는 운송요인이, 컨테이너선에 대해서는 비용요인이 가장 높은 것으로 나타나 인식의 차이가 있음을 보여주었다. 본 연구는 탱커선과 컨테이너선을 구분하여 석유화학기업의 해운기업 선택에 대한 인식을 분석하여 해운선사들이 경영전략을 수립하는데 실질적인 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. This study aims to analyze how petrochemical firms evaluate relative importance of ocean carrier-selection factors. To this end this study evaluates and prioritize the factors using Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP). Through the extensive literature review, ocean carrier selection factors were identified and a questionnaire survey was conducted to a group of decision-makers of ocean carrier selection in petrochemical firms using pairwise comparison questions. It was suggested that the petrochemical firms put the most weight on freight rate. However the group comparison showed clear difference. The firms using primarily tanker shipping perceived transportation quality more importantly but the firms using primarily container shipping evaluated freight rate more importantly. This study provides useful implications to maritime transport companies on factors petrochemical companies consider more important in choosing their transport service providers.
이정선 ( Jung Sun Lee ) 한국해운물류학회(구 한국해운학회) 2012 해운물류연구 Vol.28 No.2
본 연구는 한중 조선산업의 국제경쟁력을 비교하기 위해 실증분석을 시도하였다. 수출경쟁력 분석을 위한 TSI 분석에서 중국의 수출경쟁력은 2003년 이래 현재까지 지속적인 증가추이(0.58→0.92)를 보이는 반면 한국은 감소추이를 보이고 있다(0.91→0.87). RSCA분석에서 2010년 기준 양국 수출경쟁력은 큰 격차를 보이고 있다. (한국:0.80, 중국:0.39). 또한 한국은 탱커와 특수선박 등 소수 선종에 비교우위를 가지는 반면 중국의 비교우위는 다양한 선박에 분포되어 있다. 화물화객선은 치열한 경쟁(2010년:0.78(한국), 0.54(중국))이 예상되고 있으나, 탱커는 중국에 비해 3배, 특수 선박은 14배의 큰 비교우위 격차를 보이고 있어 고기술이 요구되는 선박의 경우 한국이 중국보다 월등한 경쟁력을 가지는 것으로 분석되었다. 시장점유율에 있어서도 2010년 기준 한국은 28%, 중국은 24%로 큰 차이가 없으나 탱커(한국:0.47,중국:0.19)와 특수선박(한국:0.81, 중국:0.12)에서는 큰 격차를 나타내고 있다. 단위가격비 분석 결과 한국은 고품질의 상품을 수출하고 중국은 저품질의 상품을 수출하는 형태를 취하고 있는 것으로 분석되었다(한국 RUP=1.92, 중국 RUP=0.09). The purpose of this study is to analyze the global competitiveness in shipbuilding industry between Korea and China. According to the result of TSI analysis, the export competitiveness of Chinese shipbuilding industry is increasing(0.58→0.92) since 2003 while the competitiveness of Korean shipbuilding industry is decreasing(0.91→ 0.87). RSCA analysis shows that there exists big difference in competitiveness between Korea and China(Korea:0.80, China:0.39). Moreover, Korea has a comparative advantage in few types of ships such as tankers and special vessel, but China has a comparative advantage in various ships. In case of cargo ship, there will be expected to be a keen competition between Korea and China(2010: 0.78(Korea), 0.54(China)). However, In case of tankers and special vessel which requires high value added skills, Korea has higher competitiveness. The market share in shipbuilding industry of Korea and China is 28% and 24% respectively, but Korea occupies high market share in tankers and special vessels than China (Tanker: Korea-0.47, China-0.19, Special vessel: Korea-0.81, China-0.12). According to the ratio of unit price analysis, Korea exports high quality of vessels and China exports low quality of vessels(Korea:1.92, China:0.09).
김율성 ( Yul Seong Kim ),양윤옥 ( Yun Ok Yang ) 한국해운물류학회(구 한국해운학회) 2015 해운물류연구 Vol.31 No.3
본 연구에서는 국내 물류기업들이 아직 진출하지는 못하였으나, 미래에 진출가능성이 높거나 신규 개척이 요구되는 물류시장을 살펴보았다. 향후 부가가치가 높을 것으로 예상되는 신규물류시장을 선정하였으며, 국내 물류기업들이 신규물류시장에 진출하기 위한 역량에 맞는 진출방안을 제시하였다. 연구결과로는 첫째, 에너지 및 자원조달시장에서는 신재생에너지와 폐자원·리사이클 물류시장의 전망과 국내 역량이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 해외조달시장으로는 국제기구(UN)조달시장과 공적개발원조(ODA)조달시장으로 나타났다. 셋째, 중량화물 물류시장으로는 LO-LO시장과 RO-RO시장의 전망과 국내 역량이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 콜드체인 물류시장으로는 농,축,수산물 및 화훼, 가공품, 의약품 물류시장이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 국내 기업들의 신규물류시장 진출방안으로는 단계별 타켓시장, 품목시장 선정 등을 제시하였다. 본 연구는 국내 기업들의 역량에 맞는 신규물류시장을 진출방안을 탐색적으로 살펴보는데 그 의미가 있다. Along with heightened expectations that there will be a rise in exports of South Korea according to a global economic recovery and growth of concluded FTAs, there is a high possibility that logistics enterprises in South Korea will develop new international markets. Therefore, There is a need for domestic logistics enterprises to get away from the limited domestic market and enter the global logistics market to secure new growth engines. The study examined logistics markets which logistics enterprises of South Korea have not entered or need to newly develop. The study also selected new logistics markets which are expected to be highly value-added in the future and suggested ways within the capacity of the domestic logistics enterprises to enter those markets. Firstly, it was shown that new regeneration energy, waste resources, and recycling logistics markets hold great promise for the future regarding energy and resource procurement markets. Ways to enter those markets suggested logistics enterprises’ efforts to seek ways to enter the global market in connection with resources development, to expand and develop trade with the countries in the Far Eastern area and to develop diversified energy projects. Secondly, it was shown that there were UN procurement market and ODA procurement market regarding foreign procurement markets. Ways to enter those markets suggested expanding information channels through KOICA and training experts for procurement markets. Thirdly, it was shown that LO-LO and RO-RO markets hold great promise for the future regarding heavy cargo logistics markets. Ways to enter those markets suggested designating a port operated exclusively for heavy cargo, establishing the network for heavy cargo and project cargo transport and providing support. Fourthly, it was shown that agricultural, marine, livestock, and floriculture products and medicine and medical supplies logistics markets hold great promise for the future regarding cold chain logistics markets. Ways to enter those markets suggested creating effective promotion plans by selecting target markets and products step-by-step, promoting cold chain logistics clusters for each product unit, establishing a platform for cargo owners and the logistics enterprises to enter the market together. To develop new logistics markets, building support systems which include promotion of the plans to be carried out step-by-step, establishment of cooperative systems between the central and local governments and private enterprises, and financial support is required.
항만물류산업의 지역경제 파급효과 분석 -부산, 인천, 울산을 대상으로-
이민규 ( Min Kyu Lee ),이기열 ( Ki Youl Lee ) 한국해운물류학회(구 한국해운학회) 2016 해운물류연구 Vol.32 No.2
항만물류산업은 수출입 화물의 운송 및 물류활동을 통한 부가가치의 창출 등 항만도시의 지역경제를 구성하는 근간이 되고 있다. 최근의 항만정책은 항만지역산업의 변화를 반영한 항만별 특화 전략을 수립하는 방향으로 추진 중이다. 이러한 배경 하에 본 연구는 2013년 기준 지역산업연관표를 적용하여 주요 지역별 항만물류산업의 경제적 파급효과를 분석하였다. 즉, 생산유발효과, 부가가치유발효과, 취업유발효과뿐만 아니라 부가가치 순이입 측면에서 경제적 파급효과를 정량화하였다. 분석 결과, 울산 항만물류산업의 생산유발효과가 타 지역 항만물류산업과 비교해서 가장 높지만, 타지역 생산유발률이 34.7%에 이르는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 부산과 인천의 경우 항만물류산업이 부가가치 이입 효과가 높은 산업으로 평가되었다. 분석 결과는 지역별 항만물류 클러스터를 구축하고 항만물류산업의 지역 경제적 중요성을 제시하는 데 활용 가능하다. 본 연구는 항만물류분야에 부가가치 순이입 분석을 최초로 도입함으로써 항만물류 연구의 범위를 넓히는 계기가 될 것으로 기대된다. Generally, ports represent a significant national infrastructure to ensure speedy and seamless transportation of import and export cargoes. For instance, 99.7% of the volume of import and export cargoes in Korea has been handled by maritime transportation. The port logistics industry plays a significant role in the regional economic development of Korea by generating added value and employment. As of late, the Korean Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries formulates the port policy for developing specialized ports in harmony with the change of regional industries. Especially, the port logistics industry should be developed with regard to the relationship with regional linked industries. Such situation drives the need for an analysis of the regional economic impacts of the port logistics industry. Thus, this study attempts to explore the regional economic impacts of the port logistics industry using regional input-output (I-O) analysis focused on Busan, Incheon, and Ulsan. We use the original benchmark 2013 regional I-O tables obtained from the Bank of Korea. For port logistics-based analysis, original tables are aggregated into 4-region and 31-sector tables. Specifically, production, value-added, and employment inducing effects, as well as net trade in value-added are intimately presented. The analysis results reveal that the production inducing effects of the regional port logistics industry range from 1.7730 to 1.9783. Given that 65% of induced effects of logistics industry in Ulsan are generated from industries in this location, the industry is likely to be very dependent on industries in other regions. "Port logistics," "petroleum and coal products," "business support services," "electricity, gas, and steam supply," and "wholesale and retail trade" rank high in the sectoral inducing effects of port logistics. With regard to net trade in value-added, port logistics industries in Busan and Incheon generated positive values respectively, but the industry in Ulsan showed the opposite sign. It should be noted that net trade in value-added allows researchers to capture added values transferred during the production process contrary to value-added inducing effects. Analysis results will offer valuable information on the regional economic importance of port logistics industry for building the master development plan on nationwide ports. Especially, net trade in value-added will serve as a new indicator for describing the industrial status of the regional port logistics industry. In addition, this study can be applied to the design of efficient strategies for constructing the regional port logistics clusters. The sectoral linkages in a regional economy can provide the framework for identifying leading industries in the regional economy and for grouping the industries into spatial clusters. In light of academic research, introducing net trade in value-added using I-O analysis to the port logistics field for the first time will significantly contribute to expanding the range of the port logistics research. We expect this study to motivate future research with respect to the economic impacts of port logistics industry.
DEA와 Malmquist 지수를 활용한 한·중·일 해운기업의 효율성 및 생산성 분석
가이어동 ( Gai Yu-tong ),구종순 ( Koo Jong-soon ) 한국해운물류학회(구 한국해운학회) 2017 해운물류연구 Vol.33 No.특별호
본 논문은 DEA와 Malmquist 지수를 활용하여 한·중·일 해운기업의 효율성 및 생산성을 평가하였다. 2009년부터 2015년까지 자료수집이 가능한 13개 중국 해운기업, 9개 한국 해운기업, 5개 일본 해운기업을 대상으로 DEA를 활용하여 각 연도별 효율성을 평가한다. CCR 모형과 BCC 모형에 의한 정태적 효율성 분석 결과, 대체로 일본 해운기업이 한·중 해운기업보다 효율성이 높게 나타났다. Malmquist 지수에 의한 생산성 변화의 측정 결과, 2009년~2015년간 7개 중국 해운기업의 평균생산성 변화는 1.064로 매년 6.4%씩 생산성이 상승하는 것으로 나타났고, 4개 한국 해운기업의 평균생산성 변화는 1.075로 매년 7.5%씩 생산성이 상승하는 것으로 나타났고, 4개 일본 해운기업의 평균생산성 변화는 1.066로 매년 6.6%씩 생산성이 상승하는 것으로 나타났다. This paper aimed at evaluating the efficiency and productivity of shipping companies from Korea, China, and Japan using the DEA method and Malmquist index. The DEA method was first employed to assess the annual efficiency of 13 Chinese, nine Korean, and five Japanese shipping companies based on the data collected from 2009 to 2015. As a result of the statistical efficiency analysis through the DEA-CCR and DEA-BCC models, the Japanese shipping companies showed higher efficiencies than the Korean and Chinese shipping companies. Furthermore, the measurement of productivity change through the Malmquist model demonstrated the following outcomes: the average productivity change of the seven Chinese shipping companies during the period 2009 to 2015 was 1.064, which represented an annual productivity increase of 6.4%; the average productivity change of the four Korean shipping companies was 1.075, increasing at 7.5% annually; and the average productivity change of the four Japanese shipping companies was 1.066, increasing at 6.6% annually.
BSC, DEA와 Malmquist 생산성 지수를 활용한 우리나라 해운선사의 벤치마킹 관리에 관한 연구
구종순 ( Jong Soon Koo ) 한국해운물류학회(구 한국해운학회) 2014 해운물류연구 Vol.30 No.3
본 연구는 우리나라 해운선사를 대상으로 DEA Malmquist 생산성 지수와 BSC를 결합하여 BSC관점에서 3단계 효율성을 평가하고, 연도별 생산성 변화를 분석하였다. 우리나라 23개 해운선사를 대상으로 최근 5년(2009년~2013년)간 자료를 기초로 실증 분석한 결과, 1단계 학습 및 성장-내부프로세스 생산성은 벌크선, 컨테이너선 및 탱커선 해운선사에서 각각 매년 13.7%, 8.0%, 10.7% 하락한 것으로 나타났다. 2단계 내부프로세스-고객 생산성은 벌크선과 컨테이너선 해운선사에서 각각 매년 3.1%, 3.4% 상승한 것으로 나타난 반면, 탱커선 해운선사에서는 매년 0.4% 하락한 것으로 나타났다. 3단계 고객-재무 생산성은 벌크선 해운선사에서 매년 15.7% 하락한 것으로 나타난 반면, 컨테이너선과 탱커선 해운선사에서는 각각 매년 5.9%, 4.7% 상승한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 이러한 결과를 기초로 해운선사에게 벤치마킹관리를 통한 생산성 향상을 위한 시사점을 제공한다. This study employs data envelopment analysis (DEA) to examine the productivity-Malmquist productivity index- changes of 23 shipping companies in Korea for the period 2009-2013 using their Balanced Scorecard (BSC). A 3-step efficiency analysis model was suggested based on the framework of BSC: learning and growth-internal process, internal process-customer, and customer-finance. In the first step, the study calculated the productivity changes by using internal process prospective as output variable and learning and growth prospective as input variable, in which the productivity of bulk, container and tanker ship companies has decreased 13.7%, 8.0% and 10.7% annually, respectively. The results of the second step analysis that puts customer prospective as output variable and internal processes prospective as input variable to calculate the productivity show that the productivity of bulk and container ship companies has increased 3.1% and 3.4% annually, respectively, and that the productivity of tanker ship companies has decreased 0.4% annually. The third step analysis results, focused calculation based on financial prospective (output variable) and customer prospective (input variable), show that the productivity of container and tanker ship companies has increased 5.9% and 4.7% annually, respectively and that the productivity of bulk ship companies has decreased 15.7% annually. The study proposes managerial implications for benchmarking strategies of shipping companies to enhance their productivity.
한국과 해외 주요 해운선사의 효율성 및 생산성 비교 분석 -DEA와 Malmquist 생산성지수 활용-
박광서 ( Hank Kyung Yun ),구종순 ( Jong Soon Koo ),황경연 ( Jong Soon Koo ) 한국해운물류학회(구 한국해운학회) 2012 해운물류연구 Vol.28 No.4
본 논문은 DEA과 Malmquist 생산성지수를 활용하여 해외 주요 해운선사와 우리 나라 주요 해운선사를 대상으로 최근 6년(2006년~2011년)간 자료를 기초로 정태적 효율성과 동태적 효율성을 비교분석하였다. 분석대상 주요 해운선사는 2011년 기준 선복량(TEU) 상위 20대 해운선사 중 우리나라 해운선사를 제외하고 자료획득이 가능한 11개 해외 주요 해운선사와 2011년 기준 선복량 상위 100대 해운선사에 포함된 7개의 우리나라 해운선사이다. 2006년부터 20011년까지 해외 주요 해운선사(일본 주요 해운선사 포함)의 평균생산성이 매년 4.1%하락한 것으로 나타났고, 특히 일본 주요 해운선사만의 생산성은 0.6%로 하락한 것으로 나타났으며, 우리나라 주요 해운선사의 평균생산성은 매년 2.9%하락한 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 해외 주요 해운선사의 2008년 대비 2009년 생산성이 대폭 감소한 반면, 한국의 주요 해운선사는 2009년 대비 2010년 생산성이 대폭 감소한 것으로 나타나 생산성 하락에 시차가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 국내외 주요 해운선사의 평균생산성 하락은 효율성변화 보다는 주로 기술변화로 인한 것으로 나타났다. This paper estimates total productivity changes and decomposes them into technical efficiency changes and technological changes for a shipping companies over the period 2006-2011 using data envelopment analysis (DEA). The sample contains 7 Korean shipping companies and 11 global shipping companies. The results form static analysis based on CCR and BCC model indicate that the efficiency of Korean shipping companies is higher efficient than those of global shipping companies. The results from the tests on total productivity changes based on Malmquist productivity index show that 11 global shipping companies decrease their average productivity by 4.1% year after year during the period and 7 Korean shipping companies decrease by 2.9% during the same period. The empirical findings confirm that most of the productivity decreases is attributed to technological changes.
이태휘 ( Lee Tae-hwee ) 한국해운물류학회(구 한국해운학회) 2018 해운물류연구 Vol.34 No.3
본 연구는 우리 해운산업의 고질적인 문제점이 선박투자의 타이밍에 있다고 보고 또한 다가오는 해운 호황기에 우리 선주의 신중한 선박 발주를 위해 우리 선사의 선박투자 동조화 현상을 계량적으로 제시하고자 하였다. 분석 결과, 고려해운이 남성해운, SK해운, 유코카캐리어스, 장금상선, 천경해, 한진해운과 상관관계가 0.6~0.9 사이이며 통계적으로 유의미하는 등 선박투자패턴이 동조화된 결과를 보였다. CCFI를 고려한 선박매입지수의 상관분석 결과 역시 선박투자에 있어 타사의 영향을 받는 동조화 현상이 발견되었다. 본 연구는 우리 선사의 선박투자 패턴이 시장역행적인지 시장추종적인지 여부를 계량적으로 제시하였다는 점에서 의의가 있으며, 막연하게 제기되어오던 우리 선사와 선주의 선박투자 동조화 현상을 계량적으로 제시하였다는 점에서도 의의가 있다. 또한 본 연구는 다가오는 해운경기 상승 국면에 우리 선주로 하여금 냉철하고 신중한 선박투자를 도울 수 있는 정보 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다. This study identifies the timing of ship investments as a problem facing the Korean shipping industry. A quantitative analysis of the “ship investment synchronicity phenomenon” of ship-owners during the upcoming boom season yields the following results. The analysis of ship investment indices, such as the Baltic Dry Index (BDI), and those of the Korea Maritime Transport Corporation (KMTC), Namsung Shipping, Korean Lines, Shinsung Shipping, SK Shipping, EUKOR Car Carriers (EUKOR), Sinokor Merchant Marine (SINOKOR), CK Line, Hyundai Merchant Marine, Hanjin Shipping, and Heung-A Shipping, revealed countercyclical ship investment behavior. Second, there is little variation in the ship investment indices based on the China Containerized Freight Index (CCFI) and BDI-based indices. Next, the correlation analysis of the ship investment indices based on CCFI, as well as that of BDI-based indices, confirmed investment synchronicity. For example, the correlations between the KMTC index and the Namsung Shipping, SK Shipping, EUKOR, SINOKOR, SK Line, and Hanjin Shipping indices are positive and statistically significant.
중국 해운기업을 대상으로 한 DEA-AR/AHP 모형의 타당성 분석
구종순 ( Jong Soon Koo ),가이어동 ( Yu Tong Gai ) 한국해운물류학회(구 한국해운학회) 2016 해운물류연구 Vol.32 No.2
2008년 글로벌 금융위기 이후 전세계 해상 물동량 감소 및 해운산업의 침체는 해운기업 간의 치열한 경쟁을 야기하고 있으며 또한 해운기업들 간의 전략적 제휴의 확대를 가져왔다. 전략적 제휴를 통해 규모의 경제를 달성한 거대 해운동맹들과의 경쟁에서 살아남기 위한 경쟁력 제고를 위해 중국 해운기업들의 효율성을 진단하고, 본 연구의 결과인 해운기업 간 효율성 측정치의 우선순위결정은 중국 정부의 해운기업 육성정책 또는 해운기업의 운영평가의 순위를 결정하는데 있어서 객관적이고 합리적인 평가기준을 제시하는 기초자료로 사용될 것이다. 이에 본 연구는 중국 해운기업들을 대상으로 DEA-AR/AHP 분석방법을 사용하여 상대적 효율성을 평가하고 DEA-AR/AHP 결합모형이 기존의 DEA모형에 비해 효과적인 방법임을 제시한다. The study attempts to analyze the efficiency of Chinese shipping companies using DEA-AR/AHP and to verify that this methodology is the most effective to analyze the efficiency of shipping companies compared to DEA(Data Envelopment Analysis), which is used for efficiency analysis in general. DEA has two models: CCR (Charnes, Cooper, and Rhodes, 1978) and BCC (Banker, Charnes, and Cooper, 1984). This study compares the results both between CCR and CCR DEA-AR and between BCC and BCC DEA-AR. According to the empirical analysis, DEA-AR/AHP is very effective to analyze the efficiency compared to previous DEA methodology because it is possible to show the order of priority among shipping companies. Some results of the empirical analysis and the implication are as follows. First, the study verified the order of priority of 13 Chinese shipping companies through DEA-AR analysis. According to CCR-AR, only one company was effective throughout entire period (2009-2014) of analysis and other companies were not effective at all. Additionally, the difference in effectiveness between effective and ineffective shipping companies is too big. The results of BCC-AR also show that the effective number of shipping companies are 3, 3, 2, 2, 3, and 2 in 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, and 2014 respectively. The number of effective shipping companies based on CCR-AR is smaller than the number of effective shipping companies based on BCC-AR, considering variable RTS (returns to scale). Second, according to the empirical results between DEA and DEA-AR/AHP, the number of effective shipping companies under BCC-AR is reduced twice or three times as much as it is in BCC. In the same way, the number of effective shipping companies in CCR-AR is reduced three or four times as much as it is in CCR. Based on this result, DEA-AR/AHP is more effective than previous DEA for the effective analysis of shipping companies. Moreover, according to empirical analysis, some Chinese shipping companies still maintain high efficiency under what has become a challenging environment. The contribution of this study has been to provide objective evidence of Chinese shipping companies` competitiveness to policy-makers and thus encourage them to consider practical ways for the sustainable development of shipping companies. Moreover, the academic research in relation to Chinese shipping companies using DEA-AR/AHP methodology is still insufficient. It is absolutely necessary that academic research analyzes the situation and environment of shipping companies, and suggests strategies and policy to increase shipping companies` competitiveness. This study has some limitations with regard to the empirical analysis. This study uses general data and financial data to analyze efficiency due to the absence of data. However, it is better to consider other data such as capacity of operation, satisfaction, policies by shipping institutes or authority in order to verify the efficiency of shipping companies. Moreover, this study conducted the empirical analysis with smaller samples even though DEA analysis requires large DMUs for relative efficiency analysis; it also did not consider Chinese small-sized shipping companies. Therefore, in the future, we will attempt to conduct research related to the efficiency of small-sized shipping companies.