생명공학분야의 기술영향평가시스템 재정립을 위한 정책제언 : 유전자 조작 생물체 사례 Focused on GMOs(Genetically Modified Organisms)

현봉철 성균관대학교 생명공학연구소 2001 生命工學硏究 Vol.7 No.1

The main objective of this study is to find more effective methods to reconstitude Korea's technology assessment system in the field of biosafety of the genetically modified organisms through the analysis of the related assessment system of the early developed countries and international organizations. From these researches, we can assess existing domestic biosafety frameworks including their ability to address results from genetically manipulated experiments and the movement of Genetically Modified Organisms across national boundaries and other related transboundary issues. Ultimately, we pursuit some policy implications applicable to Korea's biosafety policy making and find a way which also promote safe development of biotechnology at the national level. Research projects proposed are as the following; 1) question raising and research objective, 2) theoretical background of technology assessment-focused on Technology Change Theory and Social Construction of Technology Theory 3) analysis of technology assessment system (institutions and methods) of the early developed countries and international organizations, 4) the investigation of the present domestic technology assessment system and the finding of policy implications applicable from the case study.

유전자 재조합 농산물의 연구개발 방향과 학계 및 정부의 역할

鄭泰英 성균관대학교 생명공학연구소 2000 生命工學硏究 Vol.6 No.1

The main objective of this topic is to establish a strategy and plan of biotechnology researches which are related to the agricultural improvements especially focusing to the crop breeding. From 1960's to 1980's Government policy had been emphasized to develope high yielding cultivars for the self sufficient supply of the staple food crops. As a result, considerable increase of rice production has been made with accumulating technology and man's powers. Recently various new cultivars haboring useful characteristics have been developed using biotechnology and applied to farmer's field in the advanced countries. National research institutes either private and public sector also have developed biotechnology researches in each side and competitive capabilities have been established, howeber it has not been successful in commercialization. Therefore it is necessary to promote the practical application through connecting between biotechnology research and crop breeding. Research projects proposed are; (1) Collection and preservation of genetic resources, (2) Basic researches including plant genome studies, (3) Development of new cultivars through gene transformation, (4) To screen and produce antioxidants, secondary metabolite substances and edible vaccins. To set a government policy, comparisons between domestic and international research trends and possibility of success based on the economic view point are required. The key issues under the consideration to decide the research priority are the intellectural property and preservation of environment. The special roles of each research unit are suggested as the Ministry of science and technology sets a policy concerning the development of basic research including plant genome research, the Ministry of agriculture and forestry contributes the research projects for application. It is also suggested that on step system for the distribution of research resources such as microorganisms, genes cloned, plant seeds and research informations for promoting research activites.

다동온실의 복합환경 제어시스템을 위한 소프트웨어 개발

이대원,김채웅 성균관대학교 생명공학연구소 1999 生命工學硏究 Vol.5 No.1

A hybrid environmental control system was designed and built in the multi-greenhouses. After the hardware system was developed, the software was designed and constructed for this project. A software was adequate for reading data from many sensors and operating side windows, top windows, curtains and fans in the two greenhouses. Separate programs for control of the hardware, written Visual basic, Turbo-C and Assembler computer language, were developed to make the hybrid environmental control system operate. The program was a menu driven program within Windows environment. The initial menu was easily implemented by pressing a keypad key(KPK) on the keyboard or a mouse. Continued manipulation of the KPK or a mouse enable the user to reach easily any of the sub modes in the many modes. This software proved to be a reliable program for the hybrid environmental control system in the two greenhouse.

COLOR EVALUATION OF LEAN TISSUE AND FAT OF THE BEEF

Lee, Soo Hee,Hwang, Heon 성균관대학교 생명공학연구소 2000 生命工學硏究 Vol.6 No.1

This study was conducted to develop color evaluation of beef using machine vision system. Machine vision has an advantage to measure larger area than colorimeter and also can be measured another quality factors like distribution of fats. But machine vision measurement is affected by its system component. To measure the beef color with machine vision system, the effect of color balancing control was tested and calibration model of vision system was developed. Neural network for color calibration which learned reference color pathches shows the high correlation with colorimeter in L*a*b* coordinates and has an adaptability at various measurement environment. But trained network shows very low correlation with colorimeter when measuring beef color.

Declorization of Crystal violet by Stenotrophomonasm maltophilia LK-24 isolated from Chemical vicinity

Nam, Ki-Soo,Kim, Jeong-Dong,Kang, Kook-Hee 성균관대학교 생명공학연구소 2001 生命工學硏究 Vol.7 No.1

A number of soil and wastewater sample were collected from the chemical vicinity of an effluent treatment plant for the chemical industry. Several microorganisms were screened for their ability to decolorize triphenylmethane group of dyes. A novel Crystal violet dye-degrading strain LK-24 was isolated. Taxonomic identification including 16S rDNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis indicated that the isolate had a 99.5% homology in its 16S rDNA base sequence with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia.

The roles of neurons on the nitric oxide production of microglia stimulated by LPS and IFN-γ

Kim, Minsun,Lee, Sangjin,Jung, Kikyung,Hong, Sungyoul 성균관대학교 생명공학연구소 2001 生命工學硏究 Vol.7 No.1

Activation of glial cells often occurs at neuronal injury or death. But interaction between neuronal cells and microglia on the production of nitric oxide (NO) are not fully understood. This study aimed to elucidate whether neurons is important in modulating the production of NO in microglia stimulated by the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ). When PC12 cells were cocultured with microglia through direct or indirect contact, PC12 cells enhanced nitrite production in particularly LPS and IFN-γ-stimulated microglia. The NO production was decreased by a neutralizing anti-neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) and anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) antibodies in LPS and IFN-γ-treated coculture, while neuraminidase, MMP-1 inhibitor had no effects on the cells. When TNF-α was added to PC12 cells or microglia in absence or presence of LPS and IFN-γ, results of immunoblotting and RT-PCR showed that levels of iNOS mRNA and iNOS expression were upregulated. But, level of TNF-α mRNA made no difference in untreated or treated cells. The PC12-conditioned medium (PC12CM) enhanced the nitrite production in microglia treated with LPS and IFN-γ. Blockade of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway with either PD98059 (an inhibitor of ERK kinase) or SP203580 (an inhibitor of p38 kinase) did not inhibit the action of PC12CM. However, TPCK (an inhibitor of NF_-k B) decreased the effect of PC12CM in dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that PC12 cells induce nitrite production in microglia treated with LPS and IFN_-γ through release of soluble factors. And the soluble factors are postulated to be TNF_-α or NCAM.

Isolation and Expression of Red Algae Phycoerythrin on Yeast

Lee, Jungwoo,Lee, Sukchan 성균관대학교 생명공학연구소 2000 生命工學硏究 Vol.6 No.1

It is increasing necessity of microorganisms for mass production of natural pigments for food application because of both increase of natural pigments demands and liking of natural foods. The phycoerythrins contents of the phycobilisomes of the marine algae of pophyra sp. This work reports the characterization of gene encoding PE in the red alga porphyra sp. The nucleotide sequence of approximately 1.1kb which contain two open reading frames of 565 and 496 nucleotides. These genes were named rpeβ and rpeα. The arrangement of the coding sequences parallels that of the Rodophyta PE genes, with rpeβ and rpeα located 5' of rpeα. The two genes are separated by an intergenic region of 76 nucleotides, and both are transcribed from the same DNA strand. cDNA sequences coding RPE was a member of a homelogous family of peptides, the phycoerythrin. The RT-PCR product of RPE gene was cloned and expressed in yeast.

A Gene Mutation of Human Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase cDNA

Ryou, Chongsuk,Kwon, Moosik 성균관대학교 생명공학연구소 1999 生命工學硏究 Vol.5 No.1

Mammalian pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) catalyzes oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to produce Co2, acetyl-CoA, and NADH. Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase (E3) is a component of the complex, and the enzymatic deficiency leads to lactic acidosis, increased concentrations of branched-chain amino acids in the plasma and increased urinary excretion of alpha-keto acids. The E3 deficiency also causes neurological degeneration due to the sensitivity of the central nervous system to defects in oxidative metabolism. In this study, an E3 mutant cDNA was generated from a patient showing some pyruvate metabolic defect. The mutant cDNA was subcloned into pBluescript SK-, and nested deletion set of the clone were prepared for the analysis of the whole nucleotide sequence. A silent mutation found in the clone meaning that there was no changes in amino acid sequence.

High-level Expression of Thermus filiformis DNA Polymerase-encoding Gene

Choi, Jeong Jin,Kwon, Suk-Tae 성균관대학교 생명공학연구소 1999 生命工學硏究 Vol.5 No.1

This study covers the development of expression vector and host system for the high-level expression of Thermus filiformis (Tfi) DNA polymerase gene. The PCR amplified fragments of the Tfi DNA polymerase gene were cloned into expression vectors, pJR and pET-22b(+). The transformed cells with recombinant plasmids were sonicated and heat-treated, and then partially purified enzymes were assayed. The expression level in the E. coli BL21(DE3) / pET-22b(+) system reached 116.5 units/㎖, roughly a 2.24-fold increase compared with production in the E. coli MV1184 / pJR system. The example of high-level expression of Tfi DNA polymerase in this study contributes to mass production and the increasement of industrial values of DNA polymerases that have become a powerful enzyme in molecular biology and biotechnology.

Development of Broad-Spectrum Virus Resistant Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) by Using Recombinant Antibody

Park, Eulyong,Yeo, Sunguook,Lee, Sukchan 성균관대학교 생명공학연구소 1999 生命工學硏究 Vol.5 No.1

Since virus resistant plant was developed by using coat protein of TMV, plant virologists have attempted to produce numerous virus resistant plants by using the viral movement protein, antisense RNA, catalytic RNAs, anti-viral protein antibodies. These strategies have been limited to the developement of broad-spectrum virus resistant plants. The purpose of this study was to produce broad-spectrum virus resistant plants using the ssDNA specific single-chain antibody fragments (scFv). Single-chain antibody fragments are recombinant proteins composed of variable domains of an immunoglobulin fused by a flexible linker DNA. ssDNA specific scFv gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with mixed primer designed by conserved sequence in each variable fragment. Recombinant scFv gene was cloned into plant transformation vector pBI121 to express in plants. The cloned scFv gene (pBI-scFv) was transformed into tobacco by agrobacterium mediated transformation. We have obtained four putative transgenic plant lines.