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Emergent genetic oscillations in a synthetic microbial consortium
Chen, Ye,Kim, Jae Kyoung,Hirning, Andrew J.,Josić,, Kreš,imir,Bennett, Matthew R. American Association for the Advancement of Scienc 2015 Science Vol.349 No.6251
<P><B>Engineering cell population behavior</B></P><P>Attaining the full promise of synthetic biology will require designing population-level behaviors of multiple interacting cell types. As a start, Chen et al. engineered two strains of the bacterium <I>Escherichia coli</I> to produce signaling molecules that regulate transcription in the complementary strain (see the Perspective by Teague and Weiss). The signaling circuit was successfully designed to produce feedback loops that produce synchronous oscillations in transcription between the two strains. A mathematical model helped determine how to modulate the oscillations and control their robustness to perturbations.</P><P><I>Science</I>, this issue p. 986; see also p. 924</P><P>A challenge of synthetic biology is the creation of cooperative microbial systems that exhibit population-level behaviors. Such systems use cellular signaling mechanisms to regulate gene expression across multiple cell types. We describe the construction of a synthetic microbial consortium consisting of two distinct cell types—an “activator” strain and a “repressor” strain. These strains produced two orthogonal cell-signaling molecules that regulate gene expression within a synthetic circuit spanning both strains. The two strains generated emergent, population-level oscillations only when cultured together. Certain network topologies of the two-strain circuit were better at maintaining robust oscillations than others. The ability to program population-level dynamics through the genetic engineering of multiple cooperative strains points the way toward engineering complex synthetic tissues and organs with multiple cell types.</P>
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Tihomir Car,Krešimir Salamon,Nikola Radić,Jovica Ivkov 대한금속·재료학회 2019 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.25 No.5
Some of mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties of the Al–(Nb, Mo, Ta, W) binary thin films which are importantfor the stability and usability of the amorphous alloys were examined. Samples were prepared by magnetron depositiontechnique in wide range of composition onto various substrates held at room temperature. Different experimental techniqueswere used for the characterization of samples. The results of structural relaxation and crystallization measurements underisochronal conditions are compared with the results of measurements of micro/nano hardness and strain in the films. Fromthe micro/nano hardness measurement, the elastic deformation energy fraction is calculated. The elastic deformation energyfraction is correlated with the various results obtained from electrical resistivity measurements under isochronal conditions. Particular emphasis was placed on the Al–Mo amorphous alloys. It turns out that elastic deformation energy fraction becomesimportant indicator and phenomenological correlation parameter between various physical properties of examined films
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