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Yan Liu,Ziyin Lin,Xueying Zhao,Chia-Chi Tuan,Kyoung-Sik Moon,Sehoon Yoo,Myoung-Gi Jang,Ching-ping Wong IEEE 2014 IEEE transactions on components, packaging, and ma Vol.4 No.7
<P>A high refractive index (RI) and transparent encapsulant material is in great demand for light emitting diode (LED) packaging to lower the RI contrasts between a LED chip and an encapsulant, and therefore improve the light extraction efficiency. In this paper, we prepared TiO<SUB>2</SUB>/silicone nanocomposites and studied the effects of the crystalline phases of TiO<SUB>2</SUB>, and the TiO<SUB>2</SUB> surface modifications on their optical properties. The rutile TiO<SUB>2</SUB> was found to be more effective to increase the RI of the nanocomposite than the anatase phase TiO<SUB>2</SUB>. At a 5 wt.% loading of TiO<SUB>2</SUB>, the RI was as high as 1.62 at the wavelength of 589 nm, which represents a significant improvement from 1.54 for silicone resin. In addition, surface modification was carried out using vinyl-terminated silane to improve the dispersion of nanoparticles in a silicone matrix, leading to a high relative transmittance of 84%. We also demonstrated that the optical property degradation of the nanocomposites in this paper was negligible after the accelerated reliability test.</P>
Comparison of the Characteristics of Anammox Granules of Different Sizes
Peng An,Xiaochen Xu,Feng-Lin Yang,Ziyin Li 한국생물공학회 2013 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.18 No.3
The physical properties and performance of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) granules of different sizes (0.5 ~ 1.0 mm, 1.0 ~ 1.5 mm, and above 1.5 mm) have been investigated. The values of the settling velocity increased with increasing size of the granules. There was no significant difference in metal contents among granules of different sizes, in which calcium, magnesium and iron were the predominant ions. Different start-up periods showed that larger granules were better able to resist adverse impacts and their activities could quickly be recovered. The specific activities of granules of different sizes were 0.55, 0.62, and 0.52 g N/ (g/VSS/day), respectively,which implied the activity of 1.0 ~ 1.5 mm granules was the highest. Larger anammox granules were better able to resist temperature shock and nitrogenous shock loading. However, larger granules were also shown to contain bigger gas tunnels and interior hollows, which decrease the stability of anammox granules. With the comprehensive consideration of bacteria activity, granule stability and shock resistance capacity, the properties of granules within the size range of 1.0 ~ 1.5 mm were found superior to others in this study.
Song, Bo,Choi, Ji Il,Zhu, Yuntong,Geng, Zhishuai,Zhang, Le,Lin, Ziyin,Tuan, Chia-chi,Moon, Kyoung-sik,Wong, Ching-ping American Chemical Society 2016 Chemistry of materials Vol.28 No.24
<P>Three phenylenediamine (PD) monomers, o-phenylenediamine (OPD), m-phenylenediamine (MPD), and p-phenylenediamine (PPD), were used to prepare the functionalized graphene (PD/rGO) networks. The results obtained from a series of chemical, thermal, and rheological analyses elucidated the mechanism of the covalent bonding and the existence of cross-linked graphene networks. The measured XRD patterns and molecular dynamic calculations discovered that those PPD and MPD molecules could enlarge graphene interlayer spacing to 1.41 and 1.30 nm, respectively, while OPD molecules were disorderly bonded or nonbonded to the basal planes of graphene layers, resulting in small and variable inter layer distances. The loadings of PD monomers were optimized to achieve superior supercapacitor performance. Electrochemical study showed that PPD/rGO exhibited the largest specific capacitance of 422 F/g with excellent cycling stability and low charge transfer resistance. The large variations in the capacitance values among PD/rGO networks with different PD monomers were explained by the difference in the graphene nanostructures, reversible redox transitions, and charge transfer characteristics. Particularly, density function theory calculations were adopted to compare electronic properties of the PD/rGO composites, including formation energy, electron density distribution, HOMO energy levels, and electron density of states near the Fermi level.</P>